Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The Telangana Armed Struggle (1946-1951) stands as one of the most significant peasant uprisings in modern Indian history, marked not only by resistance against feudal oppression but also by the remarkable participation of women. This study explores the transformation of women from confined domestic roles to active agents of political and social change within the Hyderabad State under the Nizam's rule. It highlights how women from diverse social backgrounds, including Dalit, tribal, and peasant communities, engaged in guerrilla warfare, acted as couriers, and contributed to mass mobilization through cultural expressions such as folk songs and khadi movements.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Telangana Armed Struggle, Women Participation, Feudalism, Nizam Rule, Dalit Women, Cultural Mobilization, Feminist Historiography, Guerrilla Movement, Khadi, Social Reform

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The public finance system of Hyderabad State before its integration into the Indian Union in 1948 was deeply rooted in feudal and semi-modern administrative practices. The Nizam's government relied heavily on land revenue, taxation, and indirect levies to sustain its administration, generating an estimated annual revenue of around 20-25 crore rupees by the 1940s. However, the burden of taxation disproportionately affected peasants and rural communities, who faced exploitation by landlords, jagirdars, and intermediaries amid a population of over 16 million spread across 82,000 square miles. This paper examines the structure of public finance in Hyderabad State, focusing on revenue sources, taxation policies, and their socio-economic impact. It highlights the jagirdari and sarf-e- khas systems, which concentrated wealth in elite hands--jagirdars controlling nearly 40% of arable land--while stifling economic mobility for the masses. The 1940s levy system exacerbated rural distress by compelling farmers to surrender agricultural produce at below- market rates under the pretext of wartime public distribution. Financial mismanagement, corruption, and unequal taxation fueled the Telangana Peasant Movement (1946-1951), a pivotal uprising against feudal oppression. Post-liberation reforms via Operation Polo introduced land redistribution and modern revenue codes, fostering equity and growth. This transformation underscores the shift from feudal exploitation to accountable economic governance in post-independence India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Public Finance, Hyderabad State, Nizam Economy, Revenue System, Taxation, Jagirdari, Telangana Peasant Movement

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The project that we are designing will help us to provide an easy but secure access to garage door. The installation cost of the door is low and the changes that are required to be done are also very less.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Design Analysis Automatic Garage Door Opener

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. Leaf Springs are long and narrow plates attached to the frame of a trailer that rest above or below the trailer's axle. There are monoleaf springs, or single-leaf springs, that consist of simply one plate of spring steel. These are usually thick in the middle and taper out toward the end, and they don't typically offer too much strength and suspension for towed vehicles. Drivers looking to tow heavier loads typically use multileaf springs, which consist of several leaf springs of varying length stacked on top of each other. The shorter the leaf spring, the closer to the bottom it will be, giving it the same semielliptical shape a single leaf spring gets from being thicker in the middle. Springs will fail from fatigue caused by the repeated flexing of the spring. The aim of the project is to design and model a leaf spring according to the loads applied. Presently used material for leaf spring are forged steel. In this project we are going to design leaf spring for the materials Mild Steel and composite material Glass Carbon by varying reinforcement angle. We are going to check the strength variations while changing reinforcement angle. For validating this design we are conducting FEA Structural Analysis is done on the leaf spring by using two different materials Mild Steel and Glass Carbon. Modal and fatiuge Analysis is also done. Pro/Engineer software is used for modeling and ANSYS is used for analysis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Leaf Spring; Composite Materials ; Creo; ANSYS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Differential is used when a vehicle takes a turn, the outer wheel on a longer radius than the inner wheel. The outer wheel turns faster than the inner wheel that is when there is a relative movement between the two rear wheels. If the two rear wheels are rigidly fixed to a rear axle the inner wheel will slip which cause rapid tire wear, steering difficulties and poor load holding. Differential is a part of inner axle housing assembly, which includes the differential rear axles, wheels and bearings. The differential consists of a system of gears arranged in such a way that connects the propeller shaft with the rear axles. The main objective of this paper is to perform mechanical design of differential gear box and analysis of gears in gear box. We have taken Stainless steel,aluminium alloy,magnesium alloy,structural steel materials for conducting the analysis. Presently used materials for gears and gears shafts is Cast Iron, Cast Steel. So, in this paper we are checking as the other material for the differential gear box for light utility vehicles so, we can reduce the weight.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chassis, Finite element Analysis, Structure, Ladder Frame, Static structural analysis, Side Member, Cross Member.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In today's world, safe operation of the vehicle demands that the operator be able to maintain absolute control of the vehicle's critical operating dynamics: (1) Control of the direction of motion of the vehicle (steering) (2) Control of the velocity of the vehicle, i.e. the ability to slow and fully stop the vehicle (braking). This paper provides an overview of electric assisted vehicular steering including brief description of various conventional systems and the basics of steering; particular attention in addressed to -Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS). Electric power assisted steering has temped automotive engineer since the 1950. Even so, the promise of smaller, lighter, and more efficient systems never quite matched the low cost and performance of hydraulic power assisted steering (HYPAS) advance in microelectronics; however have rekindled interest in EPAS. Motor drive stages, electronic control units and torque sensor can now be manufactured relatively cheaply. These components, coupled with complex control algorithms implemented in software can rival or better the performance and functionality of conventional hydraulic steering systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Need of EPAS, Future Steering Systems, System Structures of Safe Electrical Steering Systems, Electric Power Assisted Steering, Components of EPAS, Selection of Materials, Specifications of Components, Cost Estimation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A computational capability is evolved for the gold standard design of radial drilling gadget shape to satisfy static stress and natural frequency necessities the use of finite element idealization. The radial drilling device structure is idealized with body elements and is analyzed by way of the usage of specific combos of move sectional shapes for the radial arm and the column. From the consequences acquired, the best mixture of cross sectional shapes is recommended for the structure.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

3D Modeling in CREO parametric software program and evaluation in ANSYS software.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project describes the concept, design and prototype implementation of a wheeled pole-climbing-robot based on Ferromagnetic adhesion. Pole climbing robots have become an interesting area for research in the last years. Several robots have been developed to solve this given problem. Every construction has its own advantages and disadvantages. The goal of this work was to design another pole climbing robot that uses a ferromagnetic adhesion principle. It was not the forceful goal to create a fully optimized working robot but rather to learn the design and construction steps, which are needed for a new product from the engineering point of view.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Wall Climbing Robot, Magnetic Adhesion, Adhesion-Locomotion, Surface Inspection, Pipe Robot.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Most of the industries are having a various types of reciprocating machines for performing machine operation on small size of work. Usually shaper, broaching machine and planner are used for machining a small area of work with less quantity. These machines are used for machining very small area of plain surface, vertical surface, angular surface, grooving etc. It removes the materials from job only at forward stroke. So it takes more machining time to complete the product. In order to overcome this problem, a small dual shaper machine is developed for machining two work pieces at a same time. In this machine, it has both the direction of ram movement and it removes a material from two work pieces simultaneously. So, the machining time will be reduced and the production rate will be increased.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOTORIZED SHAPING MACHINE

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this study, we developed a completely contactless air conveyor system for transporting and positioning planar objects. The air conveyor forms a thin film underneath the object for support and simultaneously generates a controlled airflow that results in viscous traction. It is potentially applicable in the manufacturing process for semiconductor wafer or flat foodstuffs, where mechanical contact is expected to be avoided during transportation of the products to minimize contamination. The air conveyor employs duplicated arrays of actuating cells that are square pockets with a surrounding dam. A simple model is proposed to characterize the viscous force. The theoretical analysis reveals that the total force is the composition of an actuating force generated in the pocket areas and the side areas and a drag force generated in the dam areas. Experimental investigations are conducted on the basic characteristics of the film pressure distribution and the viscous force. The results show that the air film pressure is symmetrically distributed in the width direction but non- symmetrically distributed in the length direction. The viscous force increases if the suction flow rate is enlarged or the gap thickness is narrowed. Comparison of the experimental results and the calculated results indicates that the model can provide an accurate prediction. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is applied for 1D-position control and position tracking. The actuating direction is selected using fast switching valves and the amplitude of the actuating force is adjusted using a control valve to vary the suction flow rate. The simulated and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the air conveyor system and the control method.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Contactless Conveyor, Problem Statement, Construction and working, Design considerations, Modeling, Blower, Accurate, Load Capacity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition