Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Abstract Epidemiology describes the distribution, frequency, risk of disease and the pattern of health related events in a population. .In this article, an attempt is made to describe various types of the Epidemiological studies such as Descriptive Studies ( Case Report Study, Case Series Study , and Ecological Study ) ; Analytical studies ( Cross Sectional Study, Case Control Study and Cohort Study) and Experimental studies ( Controlled Clinical Trial ,Field trial and Community trial ). Each study design has its strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of design depends on the research question, feasibility, ethical considerations, and available resources. Combining multiple study designs can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing health and disease in population. Key words: Descriptive Studies, Analytical studies, Experimental studies

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Key words: Descriptive Studies, Analytical studies, Experimental studies

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Background: Patients with severe lower back pain who do not respond to nonsurgical treatments for 3-6 months frequently have lumbar spine surgery (LSS). Pain and disability caused by lumbar disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, and stenosis are the most frequent reasons for lumbar surgery. Spinal stabilization exercises (SSE) have been used for a long time. The aim of this review was to verify the effect of SSE in post spinal surgery patients on quality of life, intensity of pain, disability, fear avoidance beliefs. Study selection: This review was conducted on the databases from PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar in March 2024. Review included randomized controlled trials that investigated the above-mentioned outcomes and assessed SSE. This study included 7 randomized controlled trials on the effects of spinal stabilization exercises on post spinal surgery patients was performed. Results and Conclusion: Disability and intensity of pain has decreased after SSE. Quality of life and fear related to work and physical activity were improved significantly.

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Rehabilitation, Spinal Stabilization Exercises, Spinal Surgery

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an essential component of an open and effective international economic system, as well as a primary force of development. However, the benefits of FDI are not distributed automatically and fairly among countries, sectors, and local communities. The goal of this study was to investigate the role and advantages of FDI in Ethiopia. As a result, we used both primary and secondary data. The sample size for the primary data in the study was 384 respondents. The data was analyzed using descriptive and OLS regression model. As a result, the study found that technology, skill, and knowledge transfer to local employees in foreign firms in Ethiopia was limited because key technical positions were held by foreigner employees. Foreign corporations exhibit little charitable concern since there were no clear policy guidelines and minimal mobilization and coordination by local administrators. Besides, FDI had a positive and significant effect on employment growth. It means that FDI had benefits in terms of reducing unemployment problems, although the salary and incentive packages of foreign firms were not adequate for their local employees to live decent life.

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Technology transfer, Unemployment, Philanthropic concern, Foreign firms and Investment

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Recommender systems are a subclass of information filtering systems. These systems are specialized software components, which usually make part of a larger software system, but can also be standalone tools. A recommender system's main goal is to provide the user software suggestions for items that can be useful. The suggestions are related to different decision-making mechanisms, different techniques, such as, what product to buy, what movie to watch, or what vacation to reserve. In the context of recommender systems, the general term "item" refers to what the system is actually recommending to its users. The paper presents the development and the comparison of multiple recommendation systems, capable of making item suggestions, based on user, item and user-item interaction data, using different machine learning algorithms. Also, the paper deals with finding different ways of using machine learning models to create recommendation systems, training, evaluating and comparing the different methods in order to provide a general but accurate solution for ranking prediction.

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recommendation systems, machine learning algorithms, decision-making mechanisms, ranking prediction.

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The hospital's management system aims for enhanced profitability, administration, and patient care. This research seeks to develop a digital management system to improve hospital effectiveness and integration standards. A module was developed to facilitate tasks such as doctor appointments, lab test booking, pharmacy services, and accessing health programs. Additionally, an admin handling component allows administrators to manage users, pharmacy systems, health programs, and appointment scheduling. The system enables the generation of multiple reports as per the admin's requirements. Modules for managing admission bills, pharmaceutical payments, and monitoring pharmacy inventory were also created. The manual handling of records in hospitals is time-consuming and error-prone, prompting the need for online automation of day-to-day activities. Each research phase guided the study's development and workflow organization. The system was found to enhance work progress and employee productivity, generate hospital reports for transaction overviews, and facilitate patient details retrieval. Overall, the study improved hospital transactions, suggesting the need for frontend design enhancement. The manual handling of records in hospitals is laborious and prone to errors, given the pivotal role hospitals play in people's lives and daily routines. This project aims to alleviate these challenges by automating and digitizing day-to-day activities. The systematic development approach employed in each phase of the study ensured an organized workflow and guided researchers in creating a comprehensive solution. By streamlining processes such as appointment booking, pharmacy services, and health program management, the system not only enhances administrative efficiency but also contributes to better patient care delivery. Furthermore, the system's ability to generate various reports provides invaluable insights into hospital transactions, aiding in decision-making and resource allocation. The reduction of workloads through automation fosters improved management practices and enhances overall operational performance. The findings underscore the significant impact of digital management systems in transforming hospital operations, with recommendations for further enhancements to ensure optimal functionality and user experience.

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CNC, IoT, QR, modules, streamline, Digital management system

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The point is to use deep learning out how to recognize ICU mortality rate is a crucial gauge of its clinical quality and hazard based patient division is recommended. The methodology introduced for this exploration accumulates time succession information and makes ongoing expectations about the mortality hazard of emergency clinic patients. The superior presentation of the model permits doctors to all the more likely screen high-risk patients and expect possible issues, in this manner lessening ICU mortality. Measures like review, exactness, accuracy, and F1-score are utilized to survey the model's adequacy. Moreover, gathering methods were consolidated, including the Voting Classifier and the Stacking Classifier. Astonishingly, the Voting Classifier accomplished 100 percent precision. To simplify it for clients to utilize and to keep making expectations about who will die in the emergency unit, are fostering a solid Cup based front end with effective testing and powerful security.

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deep learning, representation learning, mortality, risk prediction, critical care.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid (not molten metal) joining technique in situations where the properties of the original metal must be preserved as much as possible. It involves mechanically mixing two metals together, softening them, and then forcing them together, like clay, mass, and grinding. In most cases, large parts that cannot be easily heated are joined afterwards to maintain the controlled properties of aluminum during this process. Light metal alloys such as aluminium, magnesium and their compounds can now be joined by friction, which significantly stimulates welding. In this work, different aluminum alloy sheets AA2024 - AA7075 and AA6063-AA6069 were used for square tools. The tool parameters considered are 1600 rpm, 120 mm/min stroke and four offset values of 0 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 1.5 mm. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and flexural strength were examined using standard testing procedures. It can be clearly seen the increase in the offset value due to the increase in tensile strength in the case of AA202-AA7075, but slight declines were observed in AA6063-AA6069. A higher hardness is observed in the compact and relatively economical HAZ, the smallest value in the base metal. The bending strength of the metal is lower, but between the 1.5mm thickness of the tape it provides better bending strength.

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Friction-stir welding (FSW), AA2024, AA7075, AA6063, AA6069 and Mechanical Properties

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Curcuma longa, often called turmeric, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and originates from rhizomes. Curcumin is known to have good anti-inflammatory properties and protects the skin. Traditionally, curcumin has been included in many natural herbal remedies to treat skin infections and inflammations. Using plants as a home growing treatment strategy can be a move that several analysts have so far created to produce effective and insignificant side effects. Turmeric is one of the most commonly used spices in Indian cooking. The most fixed substances in turmeric are curcumin (77%), demethoxy (17%) and bisdemethoxy (3%). One of the pharmaceutical formulations with a topical administration framework can be an ointment formulation, which can be a semi-solid dosage form containing one or more sedatives dispersed or dispersed in a suitable carrier. Turmeric can be defined in different ways, one of which can be a cream formula. The advantage of using cream settings is that they are rustic, easy to wash and clean. The reason for this consideration was the definition of turmeric extract in the cream placement experiment, it was found that the equation gave a yellow-orange color, a typical turmeric smell, and placement on a semi-solid cream surface, a very homogeneous cream, high spreadability, local pH. were 5.84, 6, 32, 6.24, 5.94 and the emulsion type is O/W (Oil in Water).

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Curcuma Longa, Curcuminoids, Neem, Demethoxycurcumin, Bidemethoxycurcumin.

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Identity, in its essence, encompasses the unique characteristics, qualities, beliefs, and values that distinguish individuals or entities from others. It serves as a cornerstone in shaping a person's self-perception and influences their interactions with the surrounding world. Within this framework, religious identity emerges as a specific facet of one's overall identity, intimately connected to affiliation with a particular faith or belief system. This facet comprises an individual's religious convictions, rituals, principles, and the significant role religion assumes in daily life. Religious identity carries profound weight in shaping a person's worldview, behaviour, and relationships with others. In particular, religious identity often revolves around a set of beliefs concerning the nature of the divine, the purpose of life, and the moral and ethical guidelines that govern one's actions. This paper delves into the intricate interplay of religious identity, cultural diversity, and the communal tensions that frequently manifest in the close-knit chawl settings portrayed in Kiran Nagarkar's Ravan and Eddie. It explores the intricate conflicts of identity, epitomized by the complex friendship and rivalry between Ravan and Eddie, shedding light on how their religious identities exert influence over their lives. Furthermore, this paper unearths the hurdles and biases they confront due to their diverse backgrounds within multicultural and multi-religious neighbourhoods. It also offers invaluable insights into the cultural and religious dynamics at play within the chawls, as well as the characters' struggles to harmonize their identities with the ever-evolving world they inhabit.

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identity, cultural and religious identity, linguistic identity, individuality, community.

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Aluminum alloys have different applications (e.g. Al 5083 and Al 6082: marine, automotive and aeronautical components). Regarding the application, it is necessary to check the poor weldability of the conventional connection in which two aluminum alloys are connected in the liquid state due to the different chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the connected material and the formation of hard intermetallic growths. Great brittleness occurs, which leads to a reduction in the mechanical strength of the connection. Feasibility of friction stir welding (FSW) of Al 5083 and Al 6082 sheets with different pin profiles: straight cylindrical (Cy), threaded cylindrical (Th), triangular (Tr) and square (Sq) are studied, as cylindrical and threaded cylindrical generate regular stirring action whereas, triangular and square pin profiles produce pulsating stirring action in the flowing material due to their flat faces. Further investigations are underway to determine the effects of these tools pin on the microstructure, hardness, crystallographic structure, and tensile strength of the bonded specimens. All samples showed the lowest hardness value in the heat-affected zone on the side of AA 6082, and this zone also fractured during the tensile tests. Since all samples have comparable microstructures and hardnesses, only the threaded cylindrical sample has the lowest tensile strength because the heat-affected zone has the largest structural component in the tensile direction.

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Al 5083, Al 6082, friction stir welding, material testing and pin profile.

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