Volume 10 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Growth study and Dark Culture of Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom were studied. A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of various growth conditions and development of Pleurotus spp. Among these media tested, Mushroom Complete Agar(MCA) was found to be the best medium and the mycelial growth was excellent. Czapek-Dox Agar(CDA) medium was the least stimulatory and supported the poorest growth. The Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA) for the growth of mycelium of Pleurotus spp. All these are cultured at pH 7 under aseptic conditions and maintained at 250 C.

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 Keywords

Media, wild Pleurotus species, mycelial growth, growth study, dark culture .

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 Abstract

The use of highly developed irrigation brings about higher production, and related investment in the irrigational framework ought to be given high priority1. Irrigation plays a direct and positive role in the productivity of any crop and forms the base of the agricultural sector. Being the primary sector, the agricultural sector is the major source of employment in the agrarian-based Indian economy and acts as a key driver of development in rural regions. Irrigation has turned into an essential part of agriculture. Of late, irrigation has turned out to be most basic aspect without which, most crops cannot be developed. Irrigation is considered basic since rainfall is variable and uneven and cannot be depended on entirely for cultivation. Indeed, even those crops, which are developed amid stormy seasons, additionally rely on irrigation since farmers attempt to irrigate the crops, so that the crops may be prepared in time and give a higher yield. If there should arise an occurrence of a disappointment of precipitation utilization of irrigation then fundamental areas growing multiple crops require escalated irrigation facilities. Self sufficiency in food, creation of marketable surplus so, as to promote agro based industrial development and also to earn foreign exchange through export of food items demand agricultural development at an accelerated rate. Removal of agricultural backwardness so, as to increase agricultural productivity is the only solution. It could be possible through sufficient irrigation facilities, henceforth irrigation is a key to agriculture development. One of the major reasons for giving much attention to irrigation is Insufficient, uncertain and irregular rains, the duration of rainfall is available to only four months in a year i.e., June to September when monsoon arrives. Remaining eight months are dry; there is some rainfall during the month of December to January in some parts of nation. Even during monsoon, the rainfall is scare and undependable in many parts of the country. Most of the time monsoons are delayed. Considerably while sometimes they cease permanently. Sufficient or proper development of irrigation facilities can helps the nation in solving the problems created by insufficient, uncertain and irregular rains with the help of irrigation, droughts and famines can be effectively controlled. Second reason is higher productivity on irrigated land, Productivity of irrigated land is considerably more than the productivity of on unirrigated land and value of land will be increased. The outline of agricultural improvement is influenced by various sources of irrigation. Agricultural progress of the farming segment is still essential not just for the quicker progression of the economy, it is additionally and all the more essential for a balanced growth. During the last twenty-five years, the share of headway of the economy has augmented; nevertheless, not in the case of agribusiness sector, consequently the energetic strength of mind for the sooner growth has been powered by the service division. This ' service sector-led growth' brought about a jobless and unband-centric kind of growth, indicating the disregarded of the rural areas of the nation. This 'growth vacuity' in the rural regions can be occupied just with the backing of agrarian development. Farming growth can wind up plainly wide-based while irrigation advancements end up plainly expanse-constructed. The source of irrigation espoused by a household be contingent upon its investment capability, nature of climate, soil, water availability, and furthermore, the nature of the crop. Therefore, for any locale, the sources of irrigation are not competitive but rather just complementary. Be that as it may, throughout the years, the source of irrigation has experienced vicissitudes which have precisely pretentious agricultural enhancement. In this strive, this study funds to bring out the protagonist of various sources of irrigation in influencing the degree and nature of agricultural growth into the variables, like cropping pattern or method, harvest and quantity produced of the crops, and grossing or income level of the cultivating (farming households) family units. It is very significant, and in addition, expected to know the role occupied by plentiful sources of irrigation so that irrigation management can be improved in a way. This will help in the wide basing of agricultural development, and accordingly, it will make the economy's improvement a great deal further all-inclusive.

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Growth, Irrigation, Socio-Economic Transformation

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With the structural changes associated with the rapid growth of agricultural sector, demand for skilled and unskilled labor has been rising in Punjab. But the size of land holdings is diminishing and is becoming unattractive even for the agricultural graduates to enter farming business. There are few jobs outside the farm sector for the educated youth of Punjab. Self-employment schemes have not been very helpful in solving the unemployment problem. Political approach in Punjab towards the growth of employment opportunities for the educated young people is not very favorable. Consequently, most of the youth in Punjab are going abroad in search of jobs. Brain drain is, therefore, another problem which the government has to grapple with. In such a situation, it is of paramount importance that the rural areas of Punjab should be industrialized, and medium and large-scale industries should be set up in the state to solve the unemployment problem of the educated youth.

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cropping intensity, skilled and unskilled labor, industrialization, educated youth, self-employment schemes, political parties, surveys, brain drain, unemployment problem

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Plastic has become an essential commodity in present world scenario and is widely used because of its desirable characteristics such as durability, flexibility, low cost and resistance to degradation. The increasing consumption of plastic resulted in the ever-growing presence of plastics in water bodies that held an invisible threat of severe harm to human beings. As the needs of the human population are increasing steadily, the production of plastic in various forms is increasing, which in turn increases the accumulation of plastic in the water bodies exponentially. When the threat related to plastics pollution in water is discussed, the primary or real potential hazard comes from the minute fragments of plastics called microplastics. Researchers have used various analytical methods with no set standard in either sampling or units. Also, the increasing pollution of plastics in water can either be due to the improper disposal of plastic waste or the limited efficiency of current conventional treatments of plastic waste. The review scenario is tilted towards microplastics' analyses and characterization in water. The ability to remove plastic waste from water is high for the larger size of plastics. The present review study deals with the identification and biodegradation of microplastics through microbes. A simple and novel process for biodegradation of microplastics to overcome the environmental concerns was proposed.

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Plastic, wastewater, microplastic, biodegradation, analytical techniques.

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The aim of paper is to propose a different method for measuring and billing of the energy consumed rather the conventional method as well as to minimize the queue at the electricity billing counters. In order to avoid waste of money in this system we have used GSM SMS based billing process. It is possible to recharge the electricity balance through this system just by sending an SMS. An earlier charging will undoubtedly get rid of the issues of unpaid bills and human mistakes in meter readings, along these lines guaranteeing justified income for the utility. Now a days power corporation face many problems such as power theft. Theft of electricity can be a increase the cost of electricity bill. This system will easily detect power theft. This system provides efficient meter reading, avoiding the billing error and reduces the maintenance cost.

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Arduino Uno, GSM, LCD, Arduino IDE.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Lentinus squarrosulus, radial growth , carbon, nitrogen, temperature, pH, illumination, Physicochemical

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India is a nation of regional deprivation, social stratification, and the plurality of culture at a high level. Due to the high degree of economic and social inequality, inequality in health and nutrition is also widespread and persistent. In India, the current mortality rate for children under 5 years of age is approximately 74 per 1000 live births (NFHS3, 2005-06). Children from disadvantaged communities struggling to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have poor health and nutrition. The Government of India has started the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program based on trials on October 2, 1975, to minimize infant and child mortality to deal with this situation. ICDS is also one of the biggest early childhood learning programmes in the world. The main goal of the plan is to meet the developmental needs of 6-year-old children. ICDS continues to be the most unique early childhood learning program in the world and has been running satisfactorily for more than three decades. The present paper highlights the status of the training of the anganwadi workers towards their duties and also the impact of the preschool education provided by anganwadi workers on the children. This paper is based on the data collected from both the primary and secondary sources.

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Anganwadi Worker, Training, Children, Refresher Courses, Preschool Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Communalism, intelligentsia, Muslim backwardness, partition of India,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Now days, the rate of Cybercrime against women is increasing rapidly. Cybercrime against women includes various type of crimes committed through Internet. The present study focused on causes and its social implications with reference to Pune City. To explore the major causes of cybercrime against women and its implications on society is the main objective of this study.

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Cybercrimes, women victims, causes of crime and implication on society

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The article gives a brief description of the naming and importance of Hindi language. The standard form of Hindi is known as Khadiebolie, which is written in Devanagari script. Today Hindi reached in the international level through the practice of public.

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Global Scenario, Devanagari Script

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition