Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The increasing sophistication and frequency of cyber-attacks have exposed the limitations of traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems in identifying evolving and previously unseen threats. The presence of highly imbalanced network traffic, scarcity of labeled attack samples, and the dynamic nature of cyber threats significantly reduce the effectiveness of conventional machine learning-based detection approaches. This research proposes an intelligent cyber-attack detection framework that integrates Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to improve the accurate detection and classification of network intrusions. The proposed framework employs GAN-based synthetic data generation to address class imbalance by producing realistic minority attack samples, thereby enhancing the quality and diversity of training datasets. Following data preprocessing and feature engineering, the augmented dataset is utilized to train multiple ML and DL models, including Random Forest, XGBoost, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and hybrid CNN-LSTM architectures. A comparative evaluation is performed using publicly available benchmark intrusion detection datasets such as CIC-IDS2017, CIC-IDS2018, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and Bot-IoT. The proposed framework is evaluated using performance metrics including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area under the Curve (ROC-AUC), False Positive Rate (FPR), and computational efficiency. The integration of GAN-based data augmentation with hybrid learning models is expected to substantially improve minority attack detection, reduce false alarms, enhance model generalization, and strengthen robustness against emerging and zero-day cyber threats. The proposed framework provides a scalable, adaptive, and intelligent intrusion detection solution suitable for modern enterprise networks, cloud computing environments, Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, and other resource-constrained cyber infrastructures, thereby contributing to the development of next-generation intelligent cybersecurity systems. This work directly supports the objective of developing an integrated GAN-ML-DL framework capable of overcoming class imbalance and limited attack data while achieving highly accurate network intrusion detection.

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 Keywords

Cyber-Attack Detection; Network Intrusion Detection; Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs); Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Class Imbalance; Data Augmentation; Network Security.

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Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework, this study examines the longitudinal relationship between family-friendly human resource (HR) practices and employee well-being in the Indian organizational context, with work engagement as a mediating mechanism. Indian workplaces increasingly face challenges such as extended working hours, work-family conflict, and dual-income households, making it critical to understand how supportive HR practices influence employee outcomes over time. Prior research has largely relied on cross-sectional designs in Western or East Asian settings, leaving empirical evidence from emerging economies like India limited. To address this gap, the study proposes a three-wave time-lagged conceptual framework. Family-friendly HR practices--including flexible working arrangements, parental leave, remote work options, and organizational support for family responsibilities--serve as key job resources. Work engagement, conceptualized through vigor, dedication, and absorption, is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between HR practices and employee well-being, which encompasses psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and reduced burnout. The conceptual model suggests that family-friendly HR practices positively influence employee well-being directly and indirectly through enhanced work engagement over time. By extending the JD-R framework to the Indian context, this study offers theoretical and practical insights for organizations seeking to promote sustained employee engagement and well-being. The findings highlight the strategic importance of implementing supportive HR practices to foster healthier and more sustainable workplaces, particularly in emerging economy contexts.

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 Keywords

Family-friendly HR practices; Employee well-being; Work engagement; Longitudinal study; India; Job Demands-Resources framework

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of renewal premium performance between public and private life insurance companies in India after the liberalization era. Using IRDAI based data from FY2000-01 to FY2020-21, the study highlights the changing percentage share of renewal premiums between Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and private life insurers. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, compound growth rate) are applied to measure the relative performance and volatility of renewal premiums. Findings indicate that although LIC has retained dominance in renewal premiums, its share has consistently declined over time, while private insurers have gained significant ground, with a compound growth rate of over 45%. The analysis underscores the importance of customer retention, persistency, and product design in determining renewal outcomes.

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 Keywords

Renewal premium, Life insurance, Public vs Private, Liberalization, Persistency, India, IRDAI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Concrete place a vital role in construction field. As we know it is strong in compression but brittle and weak in tension. In order to overcome this problem, we generally use steel, but now day's different fibres available in market. Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is a material made of a cementitious matrix composed of cement, sand, water and admixtures in which short length glass fibres are dispersed. Concrete has several desirable properties like high compressive strength, stiffness and durability. But by the use of alkali resistance glass fibre the above properties increase up to certain Proportions. In the present experimental investigation, the glass fibre has been used to study compressive strength and tensile strength on M25 grade concrete. In this study we choose four percentages of glass fibre as 0%, 0.02% ,0.06%, 1% by concrete weight.

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Tensile strength, Compressive strength, Alkali resistance glass fibre, Portland pozzolana cement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sm Incorporation Effects on the Microstructure and Optical Performance of Phosphate Glasses

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Sm Incorporation Effects on the Microstructure and Optical Performance of Phosphate Glasses

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Kashmir samasya: bharat ke samakh utpan chunautiyan aur sambhavit hal

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Kashmir samasya: bharat ke samakh utpan chunautiyan aur sambhavit hal

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Konch was come from the dynasty of Haria Mondal. During the medieval age the kingdom of Konch was famous for their dignity. They played a significant contribution in the development of greater Assam as a state and as well as the Assamese society. They ruled in the parts of greater Indian subcontinent and that falls in present some parts Assam and the some parts of West Bengal. After the decaying of Kamrupa which was ruled by Baro-Bhunyas the powerful king who was known Biswa Singha also known as Bisu had been established power and the kingdom of Kamata. Since then they had been able to influence the culture of Assamese society. During the time 16th and 17th centuries this dynasty could able to play a pivotal role in the formation of greater Assamese society. They had played significant force in the formation of social, political, cultural and economic landscape of Assam and the neighboring states at that time. Realizing the importance of the topic it is intended to formulate a brief description on the subject within its very limit. The whole process of the preparation of this paper is to be completed by applying historical method of study.

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 Keywords

Assamese Society, Biswa Singha, Dynasty, Kamata, Konch Kingdom etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Studies on the National Movement which boasts of its huge mass participation fail to mention the contribution of the 'mass' belonging to the marginalised societies. It is a well-known fact that the struggle for independence saw the commitment of people belonging to various communities that also promoted the idea of unity in diversity. However, this diversity is rarely acknowledged. When Gandhi announced the non-co-operation on July 23rd 1920, he made a special appeal to women to help the cause of Freedom. This movement initiated the entry of women into mainstream politics. The civil disobedience and quit India movement witnessed large-scale participation of women from all over India including Darjeeling. This work tries to highlight the contribution of marginalised women from Darjeeling to the National Movement. The work is based on oral narrative in addition to archival records and secondary data.

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 Keywords

Women, Natives, Movement, Hill

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 Abstract

Probabilistic graphical models, often known as PGMs, provide a strong framework for modelling intricate interactions between various components. Through the incorporation of data about the elemental composition and structural characteristics, these models make it possible to deduce the attributes of materials from a probabilistic point of view. This technique bears promise attempts towards expediting the design of materials discovery, as it makes it easier to predict the characteristics of a wide variety of materials, including their electrical and mechanical properties, as well as their thermal and optical behaviour. The use of PGMs in the field of materials science is an example of a sophisticated approach that is used to harness data-driven insights in order to direct the discovery of novel materials that have specific functions. The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review with the intention of examining the possible applications of data science ideas, big data, and machine learning in the context of the production of artificial intelligence. This is a strategy that involves reviewing the existing literature in order to get an understanding of the use and application of computational intelligence in the cutting-edge research and innovation in materials science. Using machine learning to solve complex chemical issues that would otherwise be intractable is shown by the results of this study. Predicting the characteristics of novel materials based on their composition and structure may be accomplished via the use of PGMs, which provides a potential route within this field.

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 Keywords

Novel Materials; Composition and Structure; PGMs; Design of Materials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Women entrepreneurs in India work towards the economic and social development of the country and provide employment to the people. Women entrepreneurs in India have to face many difficulties to get a good position and equal right, because Indian society is a male-dominated society. Here women are underestimated in comparison to men. Despite all the problems and obstacles Indian women came out from the crowd and presented to the growth of their nation. Through this paper, it has been shown what kind of problems Indian women entrepreneurs face, what is their status in the nation and how they have created their own unique Identity by standing out from the crowd. It also shows the facilities and financial assistance provided by the government.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women Entrepreneurs, Success factors, challenges, problems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition