Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) has revolutionized how organizations build, manage, and scale cloud infrastructure. However, its widespread adoption introduces critical challenges in governance, compliance, and security--especially when deployed at scale. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current practices, emerging frameworks, and experimental findings in secure IaC implementation. It explores policy-as-code models, drift detection systems, secret management, and GitOps strategies while presenting a unified theoretical model for enterprise-grade IaC governance. Through empirical evaluations, we demonstrate the measurable benefits of policy automation and security integration in modern DevSecOps pipelines. The review concludes by highlighting future directions, including AI-driven policy engines and compliance portability. This work serves as both a reference and a roadmap for organizations striving to secure their cloud infrastructure through automated and scalable governance.

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 Keywords

Infrastructure as Code; Policy-as-Code; Governance; Compliance; DevSecOps; Cloud Security; Drift Detection; GitOps; IaC Security Automation; Continuous Compliance

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With enterprises today leveraging data at scale, and at speed, traditional manual Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) pipelines can no longer sustain the pace with which organizations need to leverage new data available. This potential review paper investigates the evolution of ETL from scripted pipelines to automated ETL systems, emphasizing the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and cloud-native technologies. The authors will unpack the emergence of intelligent/adaptive ETL methodologies to address and improve the management of dynamic schema changes, handle real-time ingestion, and manage enterprise-scale volume of data. A critical review of literature, case studies, and findings from experiments will yield support for the characterization of the current state of ETL by examining and analyzing current challenges in governance, explainability, and quality of data. The paper will finish by suggesting next steps in future research and areas of innovation for developing resilient, explainable, and intelligent ETLs for the next generation of data ecosystems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ETL Automation, Data Engineering, AI in ETL, Machine Learning Pipelines

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India's political party system is a complex and dynamic entity, reflecting the nation's immense linguistic, cultural, social, and religious diversity. Operating within a robust federal democratic framework, it has undergone profound transformations since its inception in the colonial era. The system's trajectory is marked by distinct phases, beginning with a prolonged period of single-party dominance, transitioning through an era of fragmented multi-party competition and coalition governments, and more recently, witnessing the ascendancy of a new dominant political force. Understanding this evolution requires a deep dive into historical developments, key political actors, ideological shifts, and the profound impact of significant events on party structures and inter-party relations. The historical trajectory of India's party system originates in the late 19th century with the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) as the principal vehicle for the independence movement. Following India's independence in 1947, the INC established a unique form of democratic hegemony, often referred to as the "Congress System." This period of singular control gradually eroded, paving the way for an era characterized by the rise of regional parties and the necessity of coalition governments at the national level. In contemporary times, the system has experienced another significant shift with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) establishing a new form of national dominance. A notable characteristic of India's party system is its cyclical nature of dominance. The initial period of overwhelming control by the Indian National Congress after independence eventually gave way to a phase of multi-party competition and coalition governments. This fragmentation, in turn, has been succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata Party's establishment of a new form of dominance in the 21st century. This pattern suggests that the Indian party system does not follow a simple, linear progression from one-party dominance to a multi-party or two-party system. Instead, it exhibits a recurring pattern where periods of strong single-party control alternate with phases of more fragmented and intensely competitive politics. This inherent dynamism means that no single party's preeminence is permanent, and the system retains a remarkable capacity for significant shifts and adaptations in response to evolving internal and external pressures. Such adaptability challenges any static conceptualization of the party system, underscoring its fluid and responsive qualities within the democratic framework. This articles discussed the evolution of party system in India since Colonial period till the current phase of one Party dominance of BJP led NDA Government which is also marked as "MODI" era.

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 Keywords

Party, coalition, emergency, multipolar, electoral supremacy, ideology, communalism, Caste, charismatic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Health is a fundamental component of social and economic development, serving as a crucial resource for daily living. The relationship between health and human behaviour has been a significant area of interest in public health research. Adolescence represents a transitional phase between childhood and adulthood, characterized by biological, psychological, and social. According to the Adolescent Reproductive Health Policy of Ghana and the WHO, adolescents are individuals between the ages of 10 and 19 years. In this paper discuss about out of school rural youth socio-economic conditions and knowledge about the sexual behavior and how its implicate the society.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rural Youth, Sexual Behavior, Reproductive Health, Sexual

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the relationship between parental socio-economic status and the achievement in mathematics of secondary school students, with particular emphasis on the influence of sex and type of school management. The primary objective is to explore how socio-economic status affects students' performance in mathematics and to test the hypotheses formulated accordingly. The Modified Kuppuswamy's Socio-Economic Status Scale (updated by Parul Sood and Supreet Bindra, 2022) was utilized to assess the socio-economic status of the students' families. Mathematics achievement was measured based on students' marks from the previous academic year. The sample comprised 120 Class IX students drawn from government, private aided and private unaided schools located in the Bengaluru North zone of Bengaluru Urban District. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, along with an independent samples 't'-test and the coefficient of correlation to determine the relationships and differences between groups. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between socio-economic status and achievement in mathematics. Furthermore, the results indicated that girls performed better than boys in mathematics, while students from private unaided schools outperformed their counterparts in government and private unaided schools. This disparity in achievement may be attributed to differences in access to educational resources, learning environments and parental support across different socio-economic backgrounds and school types.

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 Keywords

Socio-Economic Status, Achievement, Mathematics, Secondary School Students, School Management, Sex

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The paper examines value preferences of hearing and hearing impaired late adolescent students. The sample consists of 400 hearing (normal) and 400 hearing impaired (male-200 and female-200) adolescent students (15 to 18 years age group) studying different schools and colleges in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh state. Simple random, purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Mean, standard deviation and t- test were employed for the collected data. The results indicated that the adolescent students gave most preference to hedonistic and power values, and least preference to health and social values among the dimensions of personal value questionnaire.

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 Keywords

Value Preferences, Hearing, Hearing Impaired, Adolescent Students, Late Adolescence, Personal Values

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The reality is that the teaching is an art and to acquire efficiency in this art the teacher need two things I). The complete knowledge of the subject matter II).The scientific knowledge of the teaching styles for discrimination the knowledge to the people. Maxims of teaching have been discovered, not invented. They are simply statements the way in which teaching and learning go forward. They ensure efficient and effective teaching. Instruction process developments its attention to only one dimension of instruction, teaching strategy. Teaching strategy defined as patterns of behaviour, described in activity sequences. They are six major types of teaching strategies (1) Advance organizer, (2) Concept attainment, (3) cognitive development, (4) Contingency management, (5) Self-management, (6) basic practice strategy. These six strategies are the most well noted and most widely used in classroom.

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Maxims, Stratagies, Cognitive Development Strategy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research investigates the use of machine learning classification techniques to forecast student academic outcomes based on the MathE dataset. The study focuses on data preprocessing and analysis to uncover critical attributes that affect scholastic achievement. A variety of classification algorithms--including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting--were applied and their performances compared. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were employed to measure model effectiveness. Findings suggest that ensemble approaches outperform conventional models in anticipating student success. This work delivers meaningful perspectives for educators and decision-makers to strengthen academic support and implement timely interventions.

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Forecasting Academic Achievement Using Machine Learning Techniques on the MathE dataset using Bigdata Analysis

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ABSTRACT Achievement is of paramount importance, particularly, in the present socio-economic and cultural contexts. Obviously in the school/college level, great emphasis is placed on the academic achievement, right from the beginning of formal education. The main objective of the present study is to study the influence of gender and management on the achievement in mathematics of secondary school students The Achievement in Mathematics test constructed by Yella Reddy, B (2020) was adopted for this study. The Achievement in Mathematics test have 100 items, One mark is awarded for each correct answer and the total marks obtained by each student as Achievement in Mathematics. A sample of 320 Secondary school students representing different gender and management in Chittoor District is taken for the data analysis following stratified sampling technique. 't' test was employed for analysis of the data. There is significant influence of gender and management at 0.01 level of significance on the achievement in mathematics of secondary school students. Girls and Private secondary school students have high academic achievement than the Boys and Government secondary school students. Government has to provide good amenities for Boys and Government secondary school students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Achievement in Mathematics, Gender, Management and Secondary school students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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V.S. Naipaul's A Bend in the River is a powerful exploration of postcolonial Africa and the existential dilemmas faced by individuals navigating the collapse of colonial structures. This research paper examines the novel's central themes of identity crisis, political instability, alienation, and the disillusionment that accompanies decolonization. Through the perspective of Salim, an Indian trader in an unnamed African country, Naipaul crafts a narrative steeped in historical reflection and personal struggle. This paper argues that A Bend in the River not only critiques the failures of postcolonial governance but also meditates on the psychological ramifications of cultural dislocation. The study further explores how Naipaul uses narrative voice, setting, and character development to highlight the enduring effects of colonial legacy on modern identity.

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 Keywords

Disillusionment and Identity in V.S. Naipaul's A Bend in the River

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition