ISSN Approved Journal No: 2320-2882 | Impact factor: 7.97 | ESTD Year: 2013
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)
IJCRT Journal front page | IJCRT Journal Back Page |
Paper Title: A Study to Assess The Level of Occupational Burnout And Its Effect On Job Performance Among Staff Nurses Working In Selected Hospitals At Vijayapur
Author Name(s): MRS.ASHA KONNUR, Dr.SUCHITRA A RATI, Mr.GURURAJ GUGGARI, Mr.Malasiddappa Tadalgi
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303848
Register Paper ID - 233506
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303848 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 586103 , VIJAYAPUR, 586103 , | Research Area: Humanities All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303848 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303848 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303848.pdf
Title: A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT AND ITS EFFECT ON JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG STAFF NURSES WORKING IN SELECTED HOSPITALS AT VIJAYAPUR
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Humanities All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h173-h178
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 179
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Background of the study: Among health professionals nursing is most common stressful profession connected to emotional nature of patients who expect continuous care by nurses which results in inter professional as well as interpersonal conflict.associated with advanced health technologies and changes in work set up in different areas. Aim of the study: To Assess The Level of Occupational Burnout And It's Effect On Job Performance Among Staff Nurses Working In Selected Hospitals At Vijayapur. Methodology: A descriptive research design was used to assess occupation burn out and job satisfaction using the Maslach burnout inventory scale and Job performance scale for 100 staff nurses who were selected by using convenient sampling technique. Results:It reveals thatmajority 34(34.0%) of the respondents were in the age group 25-27 years,52(52.0%) were females,47(47.0%) had monthly income between 5000-10000Rs,58(58.0%) were GNM, 52(52.0%) were married, 60(60.0%)were belongs to joint family. 46(46.0%) of the staff nurse had medium level of burn out followed by 42(42.0%) who had high level of burn out, and remaining 12(12.0%) had low level of burn out. 58(58.0%) staff nurse had moderate job performance, 19(19.0%) had Good job performance and remaining 23(23.0%) had poor job performance.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Job performance, stress, occupational burnout, staff nurses and Maslach inventory scale
Paper Title: MANDIBULAR FRACTURE AFTER MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR REMOVAL - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Author Name(s): Dr.S.S.Shanjay, Dr. Balakrishnan Ramalingam
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303847
Register Paper ID - 233508
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303847 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303847 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303847 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303847.pdf
Title: MANDIBULAR FRACTURE AFTER MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR REMOVAL - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h170-h172
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 185
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
MANDIBULAR FRACTURE AFTER MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR REMOVAL - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
MANDIBULAR FRACTURE AFTER MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR REMOVAL - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Paper Title: PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO FROM KEY LIME AND SESAME
Author Name(s): Momin Faizan, Ansari Shahid Akhter, Zaid Momin, Ansari Saif, Mirza Osama
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303846
Register Paper ID - 232968
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303846 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 421302 , Bhiwandi, 421302 , | Research Area: Pharmacy All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303846 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303846 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303846.pdf
Title: PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO FROM KEY LIME AND SESAME
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Pharmacy All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h157-h169
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 214
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
In the present scenario, herbal shampoos are expected to be popular as they are safer and better performing than their synthetic counterparts. However, a more radical approach to making herbal shampoos is to change the expectations of the consumers. The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate poly-herbal shampoo for cosmetic purpose from herbal ingredients such as Key lime extract, Sesame extract, Bhringraj powder, Neem powder, Amla powder, Shikakai powder, Reetha powder was procured from local market in powdered form also in the extract form, then prepared decoction of these ingredients and mixing with each other and evaluated for its organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics. Herbal shampoo is used to cleansing of the hair also conditioning, smoothing, of the hair surface, good health of hair, hair free of dandruff, dirt grease and lice above all, its safety benefits are expected. The advantages of herbal cosmetics is their non-toxic nature, reduce the allergic reactions and time-tested usefulness of many ingredients. Thus, in present work, we found good properties for the Polyherbal shampoo of Key lime extract and Sesame extract and further optimization study benefits of herbal shampoo on human use as cosmetic product.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Poly-herbal Shampoo, Key lime, Sesame, Anti-Dandruff
Paper Title: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BRAND STRATEGIES AND ITS EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT OF BRAND EQUITY WITH REFERENCE TO FOGG & AXE
Author Name(s): Bhupender Singh Koshyari, Hrinshi Bhatodra, Mrs.S.Subhashree
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303845
Register Paper ID - 233384
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303845 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 390019 , Vadodara, 390019 , | Research Area: Commerce All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303845 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303845 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303845.pdf
Title: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BRAND STRATEGIES AND ITS EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT OF BRAND EQUITY WITH REFERENCE TO FOGG & AXE
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Commerce All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h151-h156
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 262
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
This study talks about the comparative study on brand strategies and its effect on development of brand equity with reference to Fogg & Axe. The main objective of the studies is to study how FOGG dominated AXE, to analyze whether brand strategies help in developing brand equity, to study the perception of consumers towards deodorant, to study the most preferred deodorant by consumers and to analyze the basis of deodorant purchase. The study concluded that concluded that Fogg has dominated Axe and become the market chief. Fogg deodorant was highly preferred by consumers. Most people are happy with their deodorant. Deodorants play a vital function in human existence. Consumers are rate-touchy however additionally select a high-quality product.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Brand, Strategies, brand equity, consumers, perception
Paper Title: SELF-EFFICACY AND MINDFUL AWARENESS AMONG ATHLETES AND ARTISTS
Author Name(s): Dr. NarasimhaRaju.N
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303844
Register Paper ID - 233478
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303844 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 570005 , Mysore, 570005 , | Research Area: Medical Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303844 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303844 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303844.pdf
Title: SELF-EFFICACY AND MINDFUL AWARENESS AMONG ATHLETES AND ARTISTS
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Medical Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h145-h150
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 158
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Mindfulness and self-efficacy are important aspects among artists and Athletes. Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations. One of the important aspects that help in the proper execution of efficiency one has is self-confidence. It is even possible that someone with lesser ability, but with confidence, can outperform this person because belief in oneself can be a powerful influence. Mindfulness present-centered awareness and activity-focused attention help an individual to perform to his or her potential. The objective of the present study is to understand the level of self-efficacy and mindfulness awareness among artists and athletes. The study involves 75 young adults of age range from 18 to 25 among which there were 25 artists and athletes each. The study also involved 25 young adults who were not artists or athletes. The tools used to assess Self-efficacy and Mindfulness Were Self-Efficacy Scale (Ralf Schwarzer, Matthias Jerusalem, 1993) and the Mindfulness awareness scale (Brown and Ryan). The sample was selected through a purposive sampling method. The result revealed that there is a significant difference in the level of self-efficacy and mindfulness among artists, athletes, and others. The artists have a high level of self-efficacy and mindfulness compared to athletes and others.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
: Mindfulness, Self-efficacy, Artists, and Athletes.
Paper Title: Measuring Resilience And Self-Efficacy During Cancer Treatment
Author Name(s): Dr.Anujavenkatesh, Nethrambika.GR, Pavithra.L.Narayanan
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303843
Register Paper ID - 233363
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303843 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 600092 , Chennai, 600092 , | Research Area: Health Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303843 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303843 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303843.pdf
Title: MEASURING RESILIENCE AND SELF-EFFICACY DURING CANCER TREATMENT
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Health Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h137-h144
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 218
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Resilience is a psychological construct observed in some individuals that accounts for success despite adversity. Resilience reflects the ability to bounce back to beat the odds and is considered an asset in human characteristics. The individual's level of resilience seems to play a major role. Being diagnosed with cancer is extremely challenging. Many patients wish to be actively involved in treatment and seek therapy. However, each patient's coping ability and desire to be involved differ. The aim of the study is to learn more about the association between resilience, self-efficacy, and other factors such as demographic and psychological factors. The research was carried out in and around various hospitals in Chennai. 81 patients participated in this study. They were assisted with the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) by Martin and Marsh (2006) and the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE-10) by Matthias Jerusalem and Ralf Scehwarzer (1979). The sample consists of age groups between 15 and 17-year-old adolescents. The data was analysed with correlation and t-tests. The result indicates that resilience plays an important role in the lives of cancer patients. Stabilizing or improving resilience is very important, and focus must be given to strengthening it according to one's own needs. There are several factors that influence resilience. However, there are some factors that are difficult to influence, such as educational background, low income, and other characteristics that are described as vulnerable.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
academic resilience, self-efficacy, cancer patients
Paper Title: A Critical Study of Manohar Malgonkar's A Bend In The Ganges, As A Partition Novel
Author Name(s): Dr. Sadaf Bano
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303842
Register Paper ID - 233454
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303842 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 226001 , Lucknow, 226001 , | Research Area: Arts All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303842 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303842 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303842.pdf
Title: A CRITICAL STUDY OF MANOHAR MALGONKAR'S A BEND IN THE GANGES, AS A PARTITION NOVEL
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Arts All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h122-h136
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 183
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
T.S Eliot is not only a well-known name in the poetry circles but also a visionary critic who advocated the importance of tradition in the formation of literary canon for the future writers who aims to undertake research, as he argues in his most seminal essay "Tradition and the Individual Talent", that, "the most individual parts of his (writer's) work may be those in which dead poets, his ancestors assert their immortality most vigorously". This concept of tradition, itself prepares the ground for undertaking research in Manohar Malgonkar's A Bend in the Ganges, an epic saga that provides a "historical sense" in Eliot's terminology of the pre-partition scenario. Manohar Malgonkar was an Indian author of both fiction and nonfiction in the English Language. Malgonkar was born into a royal family,and educated at Bombay University. He was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Maratha Light Infantry a big game hunter, a civil servant, a mine owner and a farmer, and he also stood for parliament. Most of that activity was during to the build-up to Indian Independence and its aftermath, often the settings for his works. The socio-historical milieu of those times forms the backdrop of his novels, which are usually of action and adventure. He also wrote non-fiction, including biography and history. Manohar Malgonkar who earned a prominent space in literary annals, has champion the cause of tradition in his work, as he firmly believes in the notion that one should never forget one's roots because it is from these that we achieve our identity. Therefore, achieving identity of an Indian cannot be duly felt or keenly acknowledged, what it means to be one without referring to what it actually cost to a million of others who struggled in search of a concrete identity, attempting to come to terms with the two worlds, namely India and Pakistan. Literary spaces therefore become spaces of pain when exploring themes related to partition, especially that of India, therefore demanding greater attention from the people across the globe in general while Indians in particular. The present paper seeks to analyze the novel by applying various literary theories in various contexts, thereby expanding its critical understanding in the realm of the reader.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
eroticization, castration, decapitation, imperial gaze.
Paper Title: Machine Learning Approach in Digital Marketing: Analyzing its Influence on Consumer Buying Behavior.
Author Name(s): MALAY BANDYAPADHYAY
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303841
Register Paper ID - 233446
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303841 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 711202 , BELUR/HOWRAH, 711202 , | Research Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303841 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303841 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303841.pdf
Title: MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH IN DIGITAL MARKETING: ANALYZING ITS INFLUENCE ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h115-h121
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 150
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The significance of digital marketing has grown over time in the current digital era as a method to provide clients with innovative properties for education, engagement, and the sale of goods and services. Millions of people's everyday lives are gradually being impacted by digital marketing via mobile and social media, which is expanding into the typical social media activities that foster customer interactions. Companies turned to digital marketing as a logical response to take advantage of and profit from the increased consumer focus on the Internet. Businesses, hospitals, schools, professional groups, councils, and NGOs (Non-Governmental Institutions) are just a few examples of the many organizations that employ digital marketing as part of their marketing strategy and deployment plans to address challenging market issues. They promote the use of machine learning technology to overcome those circumstances. Sentiment analysis is one of several types of analytics that many businesses use today to better understand and respond to what consumers think about them and their goods in digital marketing. Business companies will rely increasingly on machine learning technologies and other mining approaches in the future for analyzing dynamic data.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Digital marketing, social media, machine learning, sentiment analysis.
Paper Title: Review On Reported Activities Of Spirulina
Author Name(s): Tejas D. Kamble, Balaji B. Jondhale, Omkar A. Ghumre, Muskan R. Shaikh, Ganesh R. Phadtare
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303840
Register Paper ID - 233436
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303840 and DOI : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.33635
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 410507 , Pune, 410507 , | Research Area: Pharmacy All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303840 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303840 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303840.pdf
Title: REVIEW ON REPORTED ACTIVITIES OF SPIRULINA
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.33635
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Pharmacy All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h106-h114
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 178
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Spirulina is free-floating filamentous microalgae growing in alkaline water bodies. With its high nutritional value, Spirulina has been consumed as food for centuries in Central Africa. It is now widely used as nutraceutical food supplement worldwide. Recently, great attention and extensive studies have been devoted to evaluate its therapeutic benefits on an array of diseased conditions including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycerolemia, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and viral infections. The cardiovascular benefits of Spirulina are primarily resulted from its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities. Data from preclinical studies with various animal models consistently demonstrate the hypolipidemic activity of Spirulina. Although differences in study design, sample size, and patient conditions resulting in minor inconsistency in response to Spirulina supplementation, the findings from human clinical trials are largely consistent with the hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina observed in the preclinical studies. However, most of the human clinical trials are suffered with limited sample size and some with poor experimental design. The antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory activities of Spirulina were demonstrated in a large number of preclinical studies. However, a limited number of clinical trials have been carried out so far to confirm such activities in human. Currently, our understanding on the underlying mechanisms for Spirulina's activities, especially the hypolipidemic effect, is limited. Spirulina is generally considered safe for human consumption supported by its long history of use as food source and its favorable safety profile in animal studies. However, rare cases of side-effects in human have been reported. Quality control in the growth and process of Spirulina to avoid contamination is mandatory to guarantee the safety of Spirulina products.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Spirulina Platensis , Spirulina Asieh ,Spirulina Microalgae,6OHDA,ATC.
Paper Title: Digital Bharat
Author Name(s): Dr. Garima Singh
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2303839
Register Paper ID - 233416
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2303839 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 485001 , Satna , 485001 , | Research Area: Medical Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2303839 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2303839 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2303839.pdf
Title: DIGITAL BHARAT
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2023
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Medical Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: h103-h105
Year: March 2023
Downloads: 257
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
??? ?????? - ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ?? 15-64 ???? ?? 67.8 ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??.??.??. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? 18 ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? 49 ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? 14 ??? 27 ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??.??.??. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
???? ????? - ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????, ???? ?????, ??????? ?????