Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Indoor as air quality (IAQ) plays a role in determining the comfort and work efficiency of individuals especially in Workspaces where people spend a significant amount of time working on their tasks. IAQ has an impact on the health and productivity of occupants as poor IAQ can worsen symptoms related to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) like headaches, breathing problems and tiredness. Maintaining a temperature is essential for ensuring productivity levels, which is closely linked to IAQ conditions. When occupants feel uncomfortable due to temperatures, they are more likely to be distracted and experience reduced abilities underscoring the importance of architectural solutions. Installing HVAC systems with temperature controls, adequate insulation and smart shading devices is crucial for creating a pleasant indoor environment that promotes productivity. Additionally addressing IAQ issues is vital. High levels of pollutants such as organic compounds (VOCs) particulate matter and carbon dioxide not only worsen SBS symptoms but also hamper cognitive performance and increase absenteeism rates. Improving IAQ through ventilation systems, air purification methods and using friendly building materials are key architectural strategies for enhancing indoor spaces. This comprehensive approach, to designing office environments prioritizes the wellbeing of occupants by fostering healthiness, creativity, job satisfaction while mitigating the effects associated with SBS. This research paper delves into the connection, between building design, comfortable temperatures, air quality indoors and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) in office spaces. By reviewing existing research, case studies and design techniques it seeks to identify effective approaches for promoting healthy work environments and mitigating the prevalence of SBS.

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 Keywords

sick building syndrome, indoor air quality, healthy workspace, productivity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The past decade has witnessed a rise in the e-commerce platforms in India which has led to an enormous influx of data generated through customer interactions, transactions, and browsing behaviors. In this context, data mining acts as a powerful tool in extracting valuable data from large raw data sets, enabling e-commerce platforms to enhance user experiences, optimize platform operations and formulate strategic decisions. However, the use of data mining techniques in e-commerce raises legal concerns that necessitate careful consideration. This paper highlights the methods used in data mining to understand patterns and relationships between the customer and the platform, thus, increasing the business value, and explores the legal implications of data mining in e-commerce platforms in India. It examines how data mining practices intersect with the existing regulations, primarily focusing on the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the recently enacted Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. Further, it analyses landmark judgments and regulatory guidelines set forth by the Judiciary on the evolving jurisprudence around personal data protection, the concept of consent and liability, in essence, the consumer rights in e-commerce platforms. One of the primary concerns that data mining raises is, user consent and data ownership. E-commerce platforms collect and store a multitude of personal as well as behavioral data, often without taking explicit consent from the users. This further raise privacy concerns of the users with no right to data portability and the right to be forgotten under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, which further brings about a gap between the legislation and precedents. Further, the cross-border transfer of data to other countries might pose a threat to the privacy of users interacting on such e-commerce platforms in India. The transfer of personal data from India to other countries, unless they are explicitly blacklisted by the Central Government, may be subject to unauthorized use and breaches by private and governmental entities if there is no robust data protection legislation in the transferee country. This further raises the issue of inadequate protection of personal data in the process of data mining by e-commerce platforms that are providing goods and services to users within the territory of India. This paper delves into concepts of data privacy, data localization, and user consent enshrined in the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 with an attempt to answer the fundamental question of pondering: how can we protect our personal data without parting ways with the evolving technology? With the ever-evolving landscape of data protection and e-commerce, the stakeholders must ensure compliance with the existing and forthcoming regulations. The e-commerce platforms must adopt transparent data collection practices, robust mechanisms for consent, and extensive data protection policies to mitigate legal risks. The research methodology adopted for this research paper is doctrinal, descriptive and conceptual. The sources referred to are secondary in nature, such as books, articles, and journals.

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 Keywords

E-commerce, Data Mining, Privacy, Consent, Information Technology Act 2000

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The growth of a globally interconnected society that is accessible for use and manipulation at the click of a button is a fact that is well-known and debated in common parlance. This progress in networking through the use of cyberspace, a platform where the boundaries are fluid and exist virtually, has continued to attract the attention of legal scholars and lawmakers alike. While the advantages are countless, the associated exposure to an entirely new category of crime, "cybercrime", and anti-competitive market practices by businesses that float through these mediums cannot be ignored. The abuse of dominance is predated by the two-step formula used alike by every major online corporation, whereby they first and foremost, acquire a large audience that relies on the services provided by them. Second, these internet-based corporations figure out how to profit from the clientele by justifying breaking the customary laws of business and exploiting loopholes or just defying the law, all of which typically serve as the source of unparalleled growth. This study primarily attempts to scrutinize the functioning of e-commerce retail websites by analyzing how through the control of the internet, sometimes by a sizable portion of the marketplace or the inventions, an unfair advantage is being gained by particular businesses at the cost of the customers as well as other competitors. The paper makes use of a multi-disciplinary approach where the operations of e-commerce platforms are analyzed by looking into the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 in addition to laws regulating competition in the market. The application of anti-trust and other IT law regulations is becoming increasingly complicated as innovations are made every passing second. Therefore, the speed with which the legislative process works, the increasing susceptibility of consumers to fall prey to cyber frauds and search engine biases that redirect them to websites that already enjoy a competitively advantageous position.

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 Keywords

E-commerce, cyberspace, retail, abuse of dominance, marketplace, cyber law, crime crimes, anti-competitive behaviour

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) has been considered to be the most menacing eye-related disease which causes blindness or vision loss in the long run if not identified early. Because DR is not an irreversible procedure and only vision is preserved via care. Consequently, Early diagnosis and care with DR will significantly minimize the chance of vision loss. Thus an efficient computing method has to be employed to facilitate the detection of DR from retinal images. Digital image processing is one such method where it influences the medical field. In this paper, a DR detection technique, involving an artificial intelligence approach by utilizing a retinal image, where a funds image has been obtained from a patient's retina.

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 Keywords

Vision loss, Artificial intelligence, Diagnosis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the subtle yet transformative influence of feminist ideals in Jane Austen's novels, elucidating the ways in which her narratives challenges and subvert the societal norms of the early 19th century. Through a meticulous analysis of selected works, including "Pride and Prejudice," "Emma," "Sense and Sensibility", and "Persuasion" this study aims to unravel the multifaceted layers of feminism embedded in Austen's storytelling and character portrayals. The investigation begins by contextualizing Austen's literary environment within the constraints of the Regency era, delving into the prevalent gender roles and societal expectations that shaped the lives of women during this time. By employing feminist literary theory, this paper dissects Austen's narratives to identify instances where her characters, dialogue, and plot developments challenge the patriarchal structures and advocate for women's agency. The analysis extends beyond the explicit expressions of feminism to uncover the implicit nuances present in Austen's novels. By examining the choices made by female characters, their relationships, and the commentary on societal expectations, this paper reveals the subversive nature of Austen's writings, positioning her as an unexpected champion of feminist ideals. Furthermore, the study explores the reception of Austen's novels over time, considering how changing societal attitudes and feminist movements have influenced interpretations of her work. The paper discusses the on-going relevance of Austen's feminist themes and their impact on contemporary readers, emphasizing the enduring importance of her contributions to the broader discourse on gender equality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

feminism, gender roles, empowerment, Regency era, literary analysis, societal norms, women's agency, reception studies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"Currently, the escalation of traffic congestion and accidents stands as a significant challenge. Many drivers disregard traffic regulations, exacerbating the issue. Consequently, effective vehicle monitoring measures are imperative. Urban areas, in particular, grapple with severe traffic problems, a trend that extends to second-tier cities. Implementing surveillance systems becomes indispensable to mitigate delays and prevent accidents. Our project focuses on monitoring vehicle traffic. Specifically, we employ a vehicle speed detection system to achieve this goal. By analyzing captured video footage, we estimate vehicle speeds. This process involves vehicle detection within the video frames, followed by centroid analysis to calculate distances. Leveraging image processing and computer vision techniques, we achieve efficient monitoring and speed determination. Notably, our methods exhibit superior accuracy and processing speeds compared to existing techniques. With the burgeoning population leading to a corresponding increase in vehicular traffic, surveillance systems that rely on video capture and processing for speed determination emerge as critical tools to curb accidents and alleviate traffic congestion. The primary components of our vehicle speed detection process encompass background model establishment and updating, moving target detection, vehicle centroid localization, and motion speed calculation."

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Guided by Professor Khanvilkar A.R.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study investigates the relevance of water crises on the academic performance of pupils of selected secondary schools in the east district of Freetown, Calabatown. To achieve this purpose, five research questions guided the study. The study adopted the survey research design. The population comprised Pupils of selected schools, teachers, community members, and SALWACO. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the sample which comprised 100 respondents 25 from each category. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages, while the qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found among others, that many out of the 100 respondents contacted, about 85% of respondents stated that, the availability of water had extreme relevance to improving students' performances in schools around the Calabatown-wellington axis and beyond. About 5% stated that it is just relevant while 10% stated that it had been fairly relevant. 98% of the respondents stated a 'Yes' indeed, there had been impacts created by the current water scarcity in the area whilst the other 2% denied this submission to having impacts within the Calabatown periphery. Out of 100 respondents, about 95% respondents had confirmed that there had been challenges faced in tackling the problems while the other 5% stated that, there had not been any challenges. Out of the 100 respondents reached, about 49 of these respondents stated yes, that there had been mechanisms to combat this issue and the other 51% stated that there had not been any mechanism to respond to the challenges faced. Based on the responses above, it could be noticed that 40% of respondents stated the structure had been fairly effective, with lower percentages for other options.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crises, Performance, Water, School.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores Raja Ram Mohan Roy as a remarkable finger for women's empowerment in 18th-century India and the ripple effect continue till 21st' century. It analyzes his multiple complexes reforms - fighting Sati, advocating for education, and promoting widow remarriage - that challenged social norms. While highlighting his advanced influence on subsequent legislation in India like The Hindu Marriage Act (1955), the study acknowledges potential gaps. Roy's focus on Bengal and limitations in reaching beyond upper-caste women warrant further investigation. Examining the long-term evolution of his ideas would provide benchmar understanding. Raja Ram Mohan Roy's legacy remains significant, inspiring ongoing struggles for gender equality in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Raja Ram Mohan Roy,Women's empowerment, Social Reformer,Legislative reforms,Women Education,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The most popular theories of capital structure are Trade-off theory, Pecking Order theory and Market Timing Theory. Most of the studies on capital structure decisions are in context of developed nations whereas on developing nations, only few studies have been conducted. Out of them, there were hardly any studies that supported the empirical evidence of market timing theory especially in context of Indian market. So the present study attempts to test whether Indian firms time the market or not. Further, the study focuses on Indian manufacturing companies that went public or issued equity during the period 2003-2022. The sample consists of 316 manufacturing firms that are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange. Using Baker and Wurgler's model of market timing theory, the capital structure of the companies has been examined around their IPO years, taking the number of years since their IPO constant. The findings of the study revealed that Indian firm do time the market but not blindly and profitability is the key internal variable on which the companies rely the most.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Capital Structure Theories, Equity Market Timing, Indian Manufacturing Companies, Initial Public Offerings

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The World Health Organisation defines drug utilization evaluation as the study of the social, medical, and economic effects of pharmaceutical marketing, distribution, prescription, and use in society. Our study's objective is to examine the drug use patterns of a pediatric patient population in a hospital using the World Health Organization prescription indicators. Drug usage studies are one possible instrument for assessing the quality of the healthcare system. Drug Utilization Studies are therefore carried out to encourage drug usage in communities reasonably. This paper's primary goal is to enlighten readers about the sensible use of medication in outpatient and inpatient departments, with a focus on drug utilization evaluation. Additionally, it raises awareness among academicians, researchers, chemists, nurses, and healthcare professionals about how to lessen the irrationality of pharmaceuticals. The method used to compile this review information is gathered from websites, Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Wiley Online Library, and Elsevier.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drug utilization, Polypharmacy, Anti-microbial, Prescriptions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition