Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This study reports on the solvent-free, one-pot multicomponent synthesis of heterocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-thiones (THPMs) using ZrOCl2. The versatile and an efficient method is described for the solvent free synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones proceed through one-pot multi component condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, an aryl aldehydes, and thiourea promoted by ZrOCl2as a Lew's acid catalyst. The titled derivatives can be evaluated by advance spectroscopic data such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LCMS. The present methodology enhances majority of advantages such as high yields, relatively short reaction times, mild reaction condition, and easy work up. The experimental design method is used to optimize variables like temperature, catalyst quantity, and reaction time

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 Keywords

Ethylacetoacetate, Aryl aldehydes, Thiourea, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, ZrOCl28H2O

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In today's era of economic volatility, the desire for early retirement and financial independence has become increasingly prevalent. "Escape the Rat Race: A Guide to Early Retirement and Financial Independence" presents a comprehensive roadmap for individuals seeking to break free from the constraints of traditional employment and achieve financial autonomy. This guide navigates readers through the intricacies of financial planning, offering practical advice on budgeting, saving, investing, and living a fulfilling life beyond the confines of a 9-to-5 job. The journey towards financial independence begins with a clear understanding of the concept itself. Financial independence is defined as the ability to sustain one's desired lifestyle without relying on a traditional job, achieved when passive income surpasses expenses. Assessing one's current financial situation is paramount, involving a meticulous evaluation of income, expenses, assets, and liabilities. By establishing a target financial independence number and tracking expenses diligently, individuals can lay the groundwork for a solid financial future. Building a solid foundation is essential before embarking on the journey to early retirement. This entails creating an emergency fund, paying off debt, and obtaining adequate insurance coverage. Savvy saving and investing strategies, including the utilization of tax-advantaged retirement accounts and diversification of investment portfolios, are key components of this foundation. Additionally, minimizing expenses through budgeting and prudent lifestyle choices accelerates progress towards financial independence. Challenges inevitably arise on the path to early retirement, from income instability to rising costs and market volatility. Strategies for overcoming these challenges include diversifying income sources, prioritizing debt repayment, investing in inflation-protected assets, and planning for healthcare expenses. Behavioral biases and a lack of financial literacy can also impede progress, underscoring the importance of discipline and ongoing education in financial management. Therefore, "Escape the Rat Race" empowers readers to take control of their financial destiny and pursue a life of freedom and flexibility. By implementing the strategies outlined in this guide, individuals can chart a course towards early retirement and embrace a future of limitless possibilities. Start today and embark on the journey towards financial independence - the life you've always dreamed of awaits.

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Early retirement, Financial independence, Financial planning, Budgeting, Saving, Investing, Passive income, Assessment of financial situation, Target financial independence number, Emergency fund, Debt repayment, Insurance coverage, Tax-advantaged retirement accounts, Investment portfolios, Expense minimization, Income instability, Rising costs, Market volatility, Diversifying income sources, Inflation-protected assets, Healthcare expenses, Behavioral biases, Financial literacy, Education in fi

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 Abstract

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Hegemonic masculinity is a sociological concept that refers to the dominant and idealized form of masculinity within a particular cultural context. It represents the socially accepted and reinforced characteristics, behaviours, and roles associated with a man in society. This concept was introduced by an Australian sociologist Raewyn Connell, who acknowledges that all men were adapted to this idealized version, and it can be used to analyse gender relations and the impact on both men and women within a society. Connell's work has been involved in the development of a various understanding of gender, particularly masculinity, and has contributed to discussions about how social expectations and norms shape individuals' experiences based on their gender identity. The theory encourages academicians to critically examine the complexities of masculinity and its intersection with social structures. The war has profound effects on perceptions of men and masculinity in many countries. Traditional gender roles were often magnified during the conflict when men were expected to fulfill the parts as protectors. These complexities highlight the diverse ways in which the war has shaped the concepts of masculinity in a country. This paper critically investigates the theory of hegemonic masculinity and marginalisation in the modern literary novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini. The paper explores controversy on inequality, oppressed group, poverty, social crisis, betrayal, and loss of identity are the common problems faced by marginalised people in Afghanistan. The concept of isolation can involve various dimensions, including economic, social, and political conflict, and addressing these issues requires a comprehensive and inclusive approach. The so-called necessary categories have suppressed the needy people and thus these survival conflicts tend to push them psychologically under position in their country.

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Hegemony, marginalisation, brutality, racial discrimination, political conflict, humanity.

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Renewable energy is one of the main forms of energy sources in today's world, with solar energy being the most popular because of its abundance and easy access to solar panels. With so many solar panels in use, disposal of them after their lifetime is a hassle and results in wastage of important components. This paper gives the profile of solar panel recycling and way to utilize the important components in a solar panel after its lifetime. This technology helps us to utilize important components from a solar panel or even re-use the whole panel using solar cell technology. Metals like Silver, Lead can be restored and re-used saving precious resources and capital cost. Proper recycling also helps to prevent environmental pollution.

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Solar panel, Renewable energy, Recycling, Environmental pollution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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From the time when the onset of the global pandemic in early 2020, coronavirus disease in the year 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a mass challenge to health care systems all over the world. In order to fight from these challenges and to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies, it becomes of principal importance to explain the pathophysiology of this illness. Many researchers have concluded one key pathologic component associated with infection severity and course, termed as an immunothrombrosis. This appeared as a dominant pathological process impairing morbidity and mortality in acute- and long-COVID-19 infections after 2 years of Covid-19 exposure. The hypercoagulable state is due in part to immune system disturb regulation, inflammation and cellular damage, as well as a reduction in defence systems. One defence mechanism in particular is glutathione (GSH), a ubiquitously found antioxidant. GSH is a vital antioxidant that naturally produce in our body and works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The group of adverse effects caused by virus as a result of GSH depletion in states like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis. It is quite difficult to compare these health issues as side effects of vaccination or it is due to Covid-19 infection, because large proportion of vaccinated individuals with double dose and booster dose are facing different health issues after two years of Covid-19 exposure as per our publication (Sarfaraz Hanfi, et al., 2024). The group of adverse health effects as a result of GSH depletion in conditions like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis and other related health issues. We aim to observe and conclude the fluctuation in GSH level of post COVID-19 survivors with compare to Non Covid-19 individual's and the level of GSH towards Covid-19 vaccinated and Non-vaccinated subjects. GSH is most important antioxidant that naturally produce in our body it works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreased levels of GSH and elevated levels of ROS have been associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis which shows major health issues in elderly aged as well as young individuals. (Silvagno F, et al., 2020). Proper diet high in antioxidants, physical exercise and routine health check-up are required to ease the risk of many diseases (including Heart disease, Arthritis and some cancers). Dietary antioxidants help to prevent and reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress.

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GSH (Blood Glutathione), Immunothrombrosis, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species),

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This research paper explores the profound influence of government policy on the burgeoning startup ecosystem in India. The study is anchored in the hypothesis that proactive and supportive government policies significantly enhance the growth and sustainability of startups. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the paper analyses data from a variety of sources, including surveys of startup founders, interviews with policy makers, and a review of existing literature on startup ecosystems globally and in India.

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India Startup, Government of India, Startup Policy, Market Impact,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian government has launched multiple initiatives to support startups, aiming to foster innovation and economic growth. Key programs include Startup India, which offers tax benefits and easier compliance; Atal Innovation Mission to promote entrepreneurship; Make in India and Digital India to boost manufacturing and digital infrastructure; and financial assistance schemes like MUDRA and Fund of Funds for Startups. These efforts are geared towards creating a conducive ecosystem for startups, providing them with the necessary resources and easing regulatory hurdles to spur innovation and employment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Startup, Government Initiatives, Government Schemes, Digital India

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The landscape of entrepreneurship in India has witnessed a remarkable transformation over recent years, with an increasing presence of women-led startups contributing to the country's economic growth and innovation. This study aims to explore the critical success factors and challenges faced by these enterprises, shedding light on the unique entrepreneurial journey of women in India. The success factors identified include access to funding through targeted grants and venture capital, strong support networks, mentorship programs specifically designed for women entrepreneurs, and the ability to leverage digital platforms to reach wider markets. Challenges are multifaceted, ranging from gender bias and limited access to capital, to balancing work and family responsibilities, and navigating a traditionally male-dominated business landscape. The study also highlights the importance of government policies and initiatives designed to support women entrepreneurs, such as startup incubation centers and tax benefits. By analyzing the experiences of successful women-led startups, this study provides valuable insights into the strategies that can help overcome these challenges, contributing to a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem in India.

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 Keywords

Indian Startup, Women Startup, Women Entrepreneurship, Startup Culture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian startup ecosystem is thriving, fueled by digitalization, a fintech boom, sustainability initiatives, EdTech growth, and HealthTech innovation. Local solutions address global challenges, supported by government initiatives and a surge in venture capital. Collaborations enhance innovation, and the rise of unicorns signals ecosystem maturation. These trends reflect a blend of technology, entrepreneurship, and policy support, positioning Indian startups for global impact and exponential growth.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian Startup, Venture Capital, Startup Ecosystem, Startup Growth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition