Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

the observational study to assess Sthula Purusha Lakshana in overweight and obese individuals, has shown the classical features of Sthula Purusha Lakshana, as described in Ayurvedic texts, are observed with varying severity among overweight and obese individuals, as measured by the Body Adiposity Index (BAI).

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 Keywords

sthoulya, body adiposity index, overweight , obese

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Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) represents the next stage in artificial intelligence, aiming to develop systems with human-like cognitive abilities such as reasoning, learning, adaptability, and autonomous decision making across multiple domains, in contrast to narrow AI designed for specific tasks. The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), with its vast network of interconnected sensors, devices, and cyber-physical systems, offers a rich environment for AGI by continuously generating large volumes of heterogeneous, real-time data that enhance contextual awareness and intelligent behavior. The integration of AGI into IoT infrastructures holds transformative potential for applications including smart cities, healthcare monitoring, industrial automation, autonomous transportation, and intelligent energy management, enabling systems to evolve from rule-based automation to self learning, predictive, and context-aware intelligence capable of operating in complex and dynamic environments. However, this convergence also introduces significant challenges such as computational scalability, energy efficiency, privacy and security risks, ethical concerns, and the difficulty of deploying robust, generalizable learning models on decentralized and resource-constrained IoT devices. Addressing these challenges through approaches like edge intelligence, federated learning, and hybrid cloud-edge architectures is essential to realizing the full potential of AGI-enabled IoT systems, which could ultimately redefine intelligent digital ecosystems by enabling autonomous, resilient, and human-like decision-making.

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Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Internet of Things (IoT), Cognition-Driven Connectivity, Intelligent IoT Systems, AIoT, Edge Intelligence, Distributed Intelligence, Context-Aware Computing, Autonomous Decision-Making

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In Tamil Nadu, 55.4% of urban women workers are employed in the formal sector in regular wage or salaried jobs; around 32% of women employed in Chennai are often considered a proxy for formal sector employment; however, their participation in stock market investments continues to be significantly low. This study examines the level of financial autonomy, risk appetite, and investment portfolio of urban working women in Chennai. Using primary data of 100 respondents collected through a structured questionnaire, the study analyses the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors such as education, income, risk appetite and investment experience on women's investment decisions. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and graphical representations are employed to assess decision-making autonomy and risk behaviour. The findings indicate that higher levels of education and income enhance women's financial autonomy and confidence in investment decision-making. Nevertheless, most respondents prefer low-risk and secure investment instruments such as mutual funds, gold bonds, and government securities, while direct participation in equities and other high-risk assets remains limited. Persistent risk aversion, gaps in financial literacy, and social influences continue to constrain women's active involvement in the stock market. The research highlights the need for targeted financial literacy initiatives, women-centric investment advisory services, and supportive institutional frameworks to promote informed risk-taking and greater stock market participation among women. Key Words: In Tamil Nadu, 55.4% of urban women workers are employed in the formal sector in regular wage or salaried jobs; around 32% of women employed in Chennai are often considered a proxy for formal sector employment; however, their participation in stock market investments continues to be significantly low. This study examines the level of financial autonomy, risk appetite, and investment portfolio of urban working women in Chennai. Using primary data of 100 respondents collected through a structured questionnaire, the study analyses the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors such as education, income, risk appetite and investment experience on women's investment decisions. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and graphical representations are employed to assess decision-making autonomy and risk behaviour. The findings indicate that higher levels of education and income enhance women's financial autonomy and confidence in investment decision-making. Nevertheless, most respondents prefer low-risk and secure investment instruments such as mutual funds, gold bonds, and government securities, while direct participation in equities and other high-risk assets remains limited. Persistent risk aversion, gaps in financial literacy, and social influences continue to constrain women's active involvement in the stock market. The research highlights the need for targeted financial literacy initiatives, women-centric investment advisory services, and supportive institutional frameworks to promote informed risk-taking and greater stock market participation among women.

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Financial Literacy, Autonomy, Investment Portfolio, Risk Appetite

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This paper examines evolving trends in household finance in Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, focusing on income levels, savings behaviour, and expenditure patterns. Drawing on primary survey data and broader state-level socioeconomic statistics, the study documents the financial behaviour of households within the district and situates local patterns within broader Indian household finance trends. The analysis highlights the linkages between income levels, savings choices, and consumption behaviour, offering policy implications for financial inclusion and socioeconomic welfare.

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Household finance, savings, expenditure, income distribution, Paschim Bardhaman, financial behaviour.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????. ?????, ?????, ???????, ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????. ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????. ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ????, ??????, ??.??.?????, ???? ??????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????. ????????? '? ???????' (2009) ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???. "???? ??????", "???? ??", ????????? ???????", "?? ???? ?????" ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????????, ??, ???, ????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???, ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???.

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???-????: ??????, ????????, ???? ?????, ????????????, ?????, ???????????, '? ???????'.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Water Quality, Seasonal Variation, Physico-Chemical Parameters, TDS, Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Water Quality Index.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The proposed project offers a web-based chess system with dual functionality: Play Mode for normal play and Learn Mode with AI support for move validation, hints, and optimal move suggestions. There is also a Puzzle Mode for tactical training with pre-set scenarios, and a Post-Game Review Module for analysis of accuracy, errors, and decision time. The complexity of the system is in combining deterministic rule validation, adaptive AI search depth based on difficulty levels, natural language processing interfaces for voice-controlled move execution, and statistical models for performance analysis. The system employs chess.js for rule validation, Stockfish.js for move calculation, Web Speech APIs for voice automation, and gamification through achievement patches. The combination of game logic, AI calculation, and speech functionality provides a seamless platform for both play and learning.

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Chess Learning System, Interactive Chess Training, Voice-Controlled Chess, Piece Movement Visualization, User Interface Design, Game Automation, Skill-Based Customization, Human-Computer Interaction, Web-Based Chess Application)

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This paper examines gendered trauma in Bapsi Sidhwa's An American Brat, focusing on Feroza Ginwalla and what she goes through as an expatriate. When Feroza leaves Pakistan for the United States, her inner struggles only get sharper--she faces not just culture shock but even tighter patriarchal pressure. Using trauma theory, especially Cathy Caruth's ideas around belatedness and fractured identity, alongside Homi K. Bhabha's "third space" and hybridity, the study shows how Feroza's trauma isn't just personal--it's shaped by her gender. Her journey through sexual awakening, racial bias, forbidden love, and being pushed away by her family reveals how women's bodies turn into battlegrounds for cultural fears in a global setting. In the end, the paper argues that trauma for expatriates in this novel doesn't come just from being uprooted. It grows out of the tangle of gender, religion, and life in the diaspora.

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Gendered trauma, expatriation, hybridity, patriarchy, diaspora, identity crisis, transnationalism.

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The present study examined the relationship between academic achievement and family environment among Pre-University College students in Kalaburagi city, Karnataka. The study also compared academic achievement and family environment based on gender, locality, type of institution, and type of college management. A descriptive survey method was adopted. A sample of 800 Pre-University students was selected using random sampling technique. Academic Achievement was measured using students' marks, and Family Environment was measured using a standardized Family Environment Scale. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation (r-test) was used to determine the relationship between academic achievement and family environment among different groups. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between academic achievement and family environment among male, female, urban, and rural students. The findings indicate that a favorable family environment contributes positively to students' academic achievement.

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Academic Achievement, Family Environment, Pre-University Students, Gender, Locality, Correlation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agriculture acts as an important factor in ensuring food supply and pillar for economic development, but current farming method faces many challenges such as unpredictable weather, crop diseases, and insufficient access to equipment, and fluctuating market prices. These issues majorly affect the small and marginal farmers, resulting in reduced crop production and income. To overcome these issues, the system "TechFarm: Your Personalized Farm Assistant" provides a smart and user-friendly web-based digital platform that includes weather forecasting with alert advisory through the use of API's, crop planning and scheduling for crop, disease detection by image processing, equipment sharing services, and real -time market price update. The system uses trustworthy third party API's to provide accurate information.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

TechFarm, Crop Disease Detection, Weather Forecasting, Equipment Sharing, Market Price Analysis, and Crop planning and scheduling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition