Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Although comparative oncologists two decades ago may have tended to be on the defensive when arguing that fish, which are water-dwelling, poikilothermic vertebrates of greatly diverse form, might be of interest to cancer investigators, justification of their use no longer seems necessary. As testified by the increasing number of publications on fish tumors appearing in international journals, various fish species have now become widely accepted as useful tools for cancer research with, in some cases, distinct advantages over models using rodents or avian species. In particular, the study of tumors in lower aquatic animals has recently gained considerable importance as a means of detecting injurious agents in the environment. Investigation of fish tumors is also integral part of the basic biological approach to understanding possible common mechanisms involved in cancer development at various phylogenetic levels. The finding that tumors can be readily induced at various sites in fish species by different chemical carcinogens or viruses was of central significance in this context. Also if such fish is eaten by humans what are the possibilities of effect of such fishes can be further studied.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

fish, cancer, tumor, pathomorphology, tumorigenesis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A medicinal compound's physicochemical characteristics, stability, manufacturability, and ultimately its therapeutic efficacy are all significantly influenced by its solid-state crystal structure. Detailed knowledge of molecular arrangement, intermolecular interactions, and polymorphism in drug substances has been made possible by advances in structural characterization techniques, particularly single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. This study examines the connection between pharmaceutical performance and crystal structures, emphasizing the effects of hydrogen bonding networks, polymorphism, solvate formation, and crystal engineering techniques. In contemporary pharmaceutical development, case studies of clinically important medications demonstrate how structural insights inform formulation design, regulatory choices, and lifecycle management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solid-state crystal structure, Medicinal compounds, Pharmaceutical performance, physicochemical properties, Polymorphism, Hydrogen bonding networks, Solvate formation, Crystal engineering, Single-crystal X-ray diffraction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nanocavity Zeolite Y Encapsulated M(II) (M= Co, Ni, Cu & Zn) ternary complexes of L-Tyrosine and L-Histidine in situ in Na-Y Zeolites were synthesized using the ion exchange and flexible ligand methods. Initially, the metal ions were introduced into the zeolite framework through ion exchange with Na? ions, followed by diffusion of the amino acid ligands tyrosine and histidine into the super cages of the zeolite, where coordination with the metal centers occurred to form encapsulated ternary complexes by the reaction of ion exchanged process and flexible ligand method. The geometry and binding modes were explained by using various characterization techniques such as TGA, XRD, ESR, SEM, EDX, UV and IR spectroscopy

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Zeolite-Y, L-Tyrosine, L-Histidine, Flexible ligand synthesis, Encapsulation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become the new technological paradigm that changes the industry of healthcare, finance, education, manufacturing, and autonomous systems. The strategic choice of programming languages is the main aspect of AI creation as it has a direct impact on the system performance, scalability, development efficiency, and deployment possibility. The paper is an analytical review of the programming languages in relation to Artificial Intelligence, the discussion of their development from symbolic AI to machine learning and deep learning models in modern times. The article assesses high-level languages such as Python, R, C++, Java, Lisp, and Prolog covering their paradigms, strengths, weaknesses, and areas of use. The research is comparative and descriptive in nature as it examines the suitability of language in fields of AI, including machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision and robotics. The results have shown that high-level languages have high prototyping speed and large ecosystem advantages, whereas low-level languages offer better execution speed and hardware-level accessibility. The paper adds up to the conclusion that there is no single programming language that can fit all AI requirements; a hybrid and multi-language architecture is the best approach to the development of modern AI systems. The study offers advice to researchers, developers, and higher learning institutions on the suitable programming language that can be used, depending on the complexity of the project, the performance, and the scaling aspects of the project.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Programming Languages, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision, Python, R, C++, Java, Lisp.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Driven by the need for financial sustainability, global aviation has shifted toward privatization, with private airports now managing 41% of global passengers despite making up only 14% of facilities worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of this transition on operational performance, revealing that private sector involvement--especially through Private Equity--can increase passengers per flight by 20% and overall traffic by up to 84% compared to government-run hubs. By integrating 2026 "digital-first" technologies like biometric tunnels, these airports have successfully reduced passenger processing times and boosted non-aeronautical revenue, which is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% through 2030. Ultimately, while privatized airports excel in asset utilization and capacity growth, the research concludes that robust regulatory oversight is essential to prevent monopolistic pricing and ensure private profit aligns with public interests and carbon-neutrality targets.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Airport Privatization, Operational Performance, Industry 4.0, Non-Aeronautical Revenue, Public-Private Partnership (PPP), Asset Utilization.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An underestimated but quantifiable risk to human safety is introduced by the widespread use of infrared (IR) emitters in IoT ecosystems, including smart homes, industrial automation, and hospital settings. Though current IoT frameworks interpret IR emitters as permanently active, context-agnostic actuators, prolonged or unmanaged IR exposure accelerates device deterioration, produces cumulative thermal tissue stress, and induces increasing eye tiredness. The new autonomous safety orchestration framework Infra Shield-IoT, which integrates human-centric IR hazard governance directly into IoT device intelligence, is presented in this study. There are three suggested original contributions:(1) A multi-signal, real-time measurement model for cumulative infrared radiation at the device level is the IR Hazard Exposure Index (IHEI); (2) the Adaptive IR Emission Controller (AIREC), a cloud-free, four-mode autonomous emission management engine; and(3) the Proximity-Aware Safety Mesh (PASM), a peer-consensus sensing-based decentralised multi-device safety coordination framework. The experimental testing at smart factories and hospital wards and smart home test sites achieved a 78.4% reduction of total infrared radiation exposure together with 63.2% energy savings and 94.1% accuracy in human-proximity detection and 97.6% operational continuity during network failure situations. InfraShield-IoT transforms infrared emission into a safety standard which IoT systems must control dynamically in order to reach complete protection for human beings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Edge-Native Safety Orchestration, Proximity-Aware Safety Mesh, Human-Centric IoT Safety, IR Hazard Exposure Index, Adaptive IR Emission Control, InfraShield-IoT, Device Computability, Autonomous Duty Cycling, Smart Ecosystem Radiation Governance, and Occupational IR Mitigation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems (CDDS) are designed to synchronize drug release with the body's biological rhythms to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Numerous pathological conditions such as asthma, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcer disease, and cardiovascular disorders exhibit circadian variation in symptom severity. Conventional dosage forms fail to accommodate these temporal changes, often leading to suboptimal efficacy or increased adverse effects. CDDS aim to provide time-programmed, pulsatile, or site-specific drug release corresponding to disease rhythm. This review highlights the biological basis of chronotherapy, formulation strategies, advanced technologies, evaluation parameters, marketed products, and future research directions. The integration of chronobiology with modern pharmaceutical engineering offers promising opportunities for personalized medicine.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chronotherapy, Circadian rhythm, Pulsatile drug delivery, Lag time, Time-controlled release, Chrono pharmaceutics.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Population distribution displays the spatial pattern of residential population in an area, while Density is a concentration of population per unit of an area. As distribution of population shows actual locational spread of population and population density expresses the ratio between number of people and land surface area. So in this paper Pali district has been selected as the study area for assessing the impacts of population distribution and population density at administrative macro and micro level units. Pali District's population distribution according to Census 2011, manifests uneven spatial and rural-urban population. This paper aimed to assess the impact of spatio-temporal pattern of population density on land use change. The conclusion of this study can facilitate planners to make appropriate area specific eco-tourism and extention of irrigation command plans for employment generation. Keywords : Population Distribution, Population density, irrigation, employment generation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Population Distribution, Population density, irrigation, employment generation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

West Bengal has a historically notable district of Murshidabad that provides a unique example of exploring sustainable tourism in a district having rich cultural background. The Murshidabad district was the seat of the administrative capital of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha in Mughal period. Other remarkable buildings which present architectural and cultural splendour in the area are Hazarduari Palace, Katra Mosque, Nashipur Rajbari and Jagat Seth Museum. Although it has a rich cultural heritage, Murshidabad is still afflicted by various problems including poor conservation, poor infrastructure, minimal community participation as well as degradation of the environment. Such constraints have curtailed the capacity of the district to use tourism as a sustainable development vehicle. Nonetheless, future hopes are high as evidenced by new policy actions, historic conservation projects, ecotourism and community-based ventures. The present research is a combination of the field-based research and national and international best practices that are used to analyze the potential and obstacles that influence sustainable tourism in Murshidabad. To enhance tourist attraction without compromising on the ecological balance and cultural authenticity, it encourages an inclusive and collaborative model that involves the entities of public and private nature and incorporation of local stakeholders. Besides providing policy suggestions that are aimed at strengthening the status of Murshidabad as an example of the heritage-based sustainable development, the results contribute to the broader topic of sustainable tourist governance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable Tourism, Heritage Conservation, Community Based Tourism, Environmental Management, Murshidabad District.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is an Ayurvedic adaptogen increasingly studied for stress/anxiety reduction and potential neuroprotective effects. This review critically examines phytochemistry, mechanisms, clinical evidence in stress and anxiety, preclinical and clinical evidence relevant to neurodegenerative disorders, and safety signals. Methods: We searched PubMed/PMC, ClinicalTrials.gov and major journals for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, preclinical neuroprotection studies and safety reports up to 2025. Selected high-quality RCTs, systematic reviews and mechanistic papers were prioritized. Results: Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses report reductions in perceived stress/anxiety and cortisol with ashwagandha extracts (typical doses 225-600 mg/day) versus placebo; effect sizes vary and risk of bias exists in several trials. Preclinical studies show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulation of HPA axis and direct neuronal effects of withanolides; some withanolides cross the blood-brain barrier and show benefit in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Safety data is generally favorable in short trials, but recent case series and pharmacovigilance reports describe rare herb-associated liver injury and possible thyroid effects. Conclusions: Evidence supports ashwagandha's anxiolytic and stress-reducing potential; neuroprotective findings are promising but largely preclinical with limited human data. Larger, standardized, long-term clinical trials and rigorous pharmacovigilance are needed before recommending ashwagandha routinely for neurodegenerative disorders.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ashwagandha; Withania somnifera; Stress; Neurodegeneration; Withanolides; Neuroprotection; Anxiety; Cognitive impairment. ________________________________________

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition