Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Emigrations from coal- fired mileage boilers may also contribute significantly to ambient particulate attention, in particular in the veritably first- class ( beneath 2.5 micron) flyspeck length range. Ambient PM2.5 speciation studies frequently display that geologic accoutrements, which incorporate the maturity of cover ash produced through coal combustion, make up handiest a small bit of the particulate. Sulphate, nitrates, and natural composites generally incorporate redundant than eighty percent of the ambient PM2.5. Thus emigration of secondary aerosol precursors (e.g., nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, ammonia, and certain unpredictable natural composites) contributes significantly to ambient PM2.5. Coal- fired boilers emit both number one PM2.5 and secondary flyspeck precursors. Because of the big volume of gassy energies burned, indeed gas- fired widgets may also have implicit to contribute significantly to ambient PM2.5. The chemical speciation of number one patches emitted from coal- fired boilers gives important labels that may be used to identify the relative donation of a particular order of reasserts to near ambient PM2.5. Being emigration factors and speciation biographies for PM2.5 precursors from combustion reasserts are frequently dated and deficient. Also, the huge variety of coal mineral matter compositions, boiler designs and pollution control outfit makes point-unique emigrations characterization the most reliable way of attributing force benefactions. A test protocol for growing PM2.5 emigration factors and chemical speciation biographies has been evolved. The paper discusses procedures for characterization of PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors from stationary combustion reasserts and original results of discipline measures made the use of traditional and dilution slice ways. Results of tests on gas- fired units the use of both traditional force testing styles and a dilution slice fashion are presented and compared. Imagine walking through a busy city street, breathing in air that looks clear but carries invisible dangers. Fine particles from power plants often make up part of that haze. These tiny bits, known as PM2.5, come from sources like utility boilers in energy production. Utility boilers play a big role in creating PM2.5 emissions. They burn fuels to generate steam for electricity. This process releases harmful particles into the air; the PM2.5 means only the particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers are taken. It slips into your lungs and blood, causing serious health problems. This article looks at how utility boilers add to PM2.5 levels. It covers their effects on people and nature. Plus, it shares steps to reduce these emissions for better air quality.

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 Keywords

Emigrations, coal- fired mileage boilers, traditional force, testing, pollution control, PM2.5 emissions, and benefactions.

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Tamak Shwasa is an important respiratory disorder described in Ayurvedic classics and is categorized under Shwasa Roga. It is a chronic, recurrent condition predominantly involving Vata and Kapha Dosha, characterized by difficulty in breathing, wheezing sound, chest tightness, cough, and episodic exacerbations, especially during night and early morning hours. In children, Tamak Shwasa closely resembles childhood bronchial asthma described in modern medicine, which is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease affecting the pediatric population worldwide. Childhood asthma significantly impacts physical activity, school attendance, growth retardation and overall quality of life, making early diagnosis and holistic management essential. Ayurveda explains the pathogenesis of Tamak Shwasa as Kapha-induced obstruction of Pranavaha Srotas along with aggravated Vata, leading to dyspnea and recurrent attacks. Nidana such as exposure to dust, smoke, cold climate, allergens, improper diet, recurrent respiratory infections, and genetic predisposition play a crucial role in children. Classical texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita describe detailed etiopathogenesis, lakshanas, prognosis, and management principles including Nidana Parivarjana, Shodhana, Shamana Chikitsa, Pathya-Apathya, and Rasayana therapy. This review article aims to compile and critically analyze classical Ayurvedic descriptions of Tamak Shwasa in children and correlate them with modern concepts of childhood asthma. An attempt is made to highlight the scope of Ayurvedic preventive and therapeutic approaches in reducing disease severity, frequency of attacks, and dependency on modern medications. Integrative understanding of Ayurveda and contemporary medicine may offer safer, cost-effective, and sustainable management strategies for childhood asthma.

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 Keywords

Tamak Shwasa; Childhood Asthma; Pediatric Respiratory Disorders; Pranavaha Srotas; Kapha-Vata Dosha; Ayurveda; Bronchial Asthma

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The accelerating proliferation of misleading and fabricated information across digital ecosystems has emerged as a critical threat to societal stability and informed decision-making. Deceptive news content can distort public perception, undermine democratic institutions, and generate social unrest. To address this growing challenge, this study presents an intelligent fake news detection framework based on a feature-driven, optimized Multi-class Support Vector Machine (MSVM) classification model. The proposed system performs comprehensive feature extraction from textual data, incorporating lexical indicators, syntactic patterns, semantic embeddings, and contextual attributes to capture deeper linguistic and structural characteristics of news articles. Advanced feature selection and optimization techniques are applied to enhance predictive capability while minimizing computational overhead. Unlike conventional binary classifiers, the MSVM model enables multi-category classification, distinguishing among real, fake, satire, partially true, and misleading content for more granular and informative analysis. This multi- dimensional approach improves classification robustness, scalability, and adaptability across diverse datasets and multilingual environments. Experimental validation demonstrates improved detection accuracy and reduced misclassification rates compared to traditional models. By integrating optimized feature engineering with supervised machine learning, the proposed framework offers a reliable and efficient solution for real-time deployment in social media monitoring systems, automated fact-checking platforms, and digital news verification applications, thereby contributing significantly to advanced misinformation detection research.

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Fake News Detection, Multi-Class Support Vector Machine, Feature Optimization, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing.

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Chronic non-communicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), remain among the foremost contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Effective management of these conditions necessitates continuous monitoring, coordinated multidisciplinary care, and active patient engagement--requirements that conventional healthcare delivery models frequently fail to meet. In this context, telehealth has emerged as a transformative paradigm, employing digital communication technologies, wearable devices, remote monitoring systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics to extend healthcare services beyond traditional clinical environments. Empirical evidence demonstrates that telehealth interventions can enhance clinical outcomes, improve medication adherence, and elevate patients' overall quality of life. Mobile health (mHealth) applications, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, and cloud-based data integration enable real-time physiological monitoring and facilitate individualized treatment strategies. Moreover, telehealth utilization has been correlated with reductions in hospital readmissions and overall healthcare expenditures, signifying both clinical efficacy and economic efficiency. By fostering continuous, bidirectional communication between patients and healthcare providers, these digital modalities promote self-management, reinforce therapeutic adherence, and strengthen patient empowerment. Nonetheless, several obstacles continue to impede the widespread implementation of telehealth, including disparities in technological infrastructure, concerns regarding data privacy and cybersecurity, and the absence of standardized regulatory frameworks across regions. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive strategies encompassing infrastructure enhancement, digital literacy development, policy harmonization, and equitable access initiatives. In conclusion, telehealth represents a significant paradigm shift in chronic disease management by bridging gaps in accessibility, continuity, and quality of care. The convergence of digital health innovations with interdisciplinary collaboration holds substantial promise for improving healthcare delivery, optimizing patient outcomes, and advancing global health equity.

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Keywords: Telehealth, Chronic Disease Management, Digital Health, Remote Monitoring, Patient Engagement, Long-Term Care, Health Equity

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Groundwater depletion has emerged as a critical challenge in the semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh, particularly in the Rayalaseema region. Chinnadudyala Gram Panchayat (GP), located in Muddanur mandal of YSR Kadapa district, faces irregular rainfall, high runoff, and declining water tables. This paper explores the application of staggered trenches and dugout ponds as community-based water conservation structures in Chinnadudyala. Staggered trenches on hill slopes reduce runoff and enhance infiltration, while dugout ponds in valley bottoms collect rainwater and recharge groundwater. Integrating these measures at the micro-watershed scale can improve water security, support agriculture, and strengthen climate resilience in the GP.

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Staggered Trenches, Dugout Pond, Aquifer, Infiltration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the contemporary educational landscape, the transition to digital platforms has introduced a phenomenon known as the 'Black Box' syndrome, characterised by muted microphones and disabled cameras. This shift has led to a crisis of engagement, with 73% of students feeling less engaged compared to in-person settings. This paper explores the 'High-Touch Teaching Framework,' a human-centric approach designed to restore connection and presence in virtual classrooms. By examining the interpersonal and societal impacts of digital-default communication, the study proposes practical strategies and mindset shifts to move from mere content delivery to genuine human connection.

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Black box syndrome, High-touch teaching, Binary presence, Involuntary presence, Digital empathy, Pedagogical connection.

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This study examines India's transition from the policy of Non-Alignment to the contemporary strategy of Multi-Alignment in global politics. Rather than representing a complete departure from earlier foreign policy principles, the shift reflects a strategic adaptation shaped by structural changes in the international system, including the rise of China, renewed great-power competition, and the emergence of multipolarity. Grounded in realist theory and the concept of strategic autonomy, the study combines historical analysis with perception-based survey data to evaluate India's evolving diplomatic approach. The findings indicate that India's foreign policy represents a pragmatic balancing strategy aimed at maximizing national interest while maintaining decision-making autonomy. The paper concludes that Multi-Alignment represents an evolutionary continuation of Non-Alignment within a changing global order.

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Non-Alignment, Multi-Alignment, Indian Foreign Policy, Strategic Autonomy, Multipolarity, Global Politics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The current status of work-life balance (WLB) scholarship in industrial relations is assessed in this study. It looks for ways to improve gender parity in the workplace. The way people from different socioeconomic backgrounds handle their work and home responsibilities is both made easier and more difficult by digital innovations. In order to expose the traditional WLB discourse's disproportionate focus on the "time poverty" of wealthy, white-collar workers while largely ignoring the crucial role of financial stability, the study first applies a class-based critique. It goes beyond conceptually we are used to define it, and describes the effects of the broader phantomization of economy on work-life balance. Although gig work is often promoted as a form of independence and so-called "flexibility"--which should in theory help individuals juggling caregiving responsibilities better dictate their schedules--it also comes with glaring institutional loopholes like those that exist in conventional work. The "gig" is not as flexible and carefree as one may imagine, instead characterized by irregular scheduling of work hours, variable income, and intensification of work intensity that leaves the gig workers in a precarious position with little sense of real balance between life and work. The article finishes by advocating for a more thorough and intricate understanding that takes into account the overlapping areas of gender, class, and financial stability as essential for achieving true equality in the workplace for those involved in today's job environment.

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of

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Art therapy has gained popularity in the recent years due to its holistic nature and artistic in its process. It is a type of treatment that promotes better mental health and psychological well-being. It is best known for helping the individuals in the process of emotional and self-expression. This detailed review of literature attempts to extract the concrete basis that supports the impact of art therapy in three major areas: life satisfaction, emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Systematic reviews of existing studies and research indicates that art therapy has shown a positive impact on emotional well-being, increasing self-esteem and overall satisfaction with life. Theories such as positive psychology, models drawn from art-based therapies also reveals the ways of art therapy works while also highlighting the advantage of emotional expression, symbolically communicating without use of just words and self-exploration that overall facilitates better regulation of emotions and developing positive self-concept. However, there are also evidence, limitations and visible gaps that are persistently being there specifically regarding systematic research in a non-clinical population. It is suggested to use a more standardized and controlled research using rigorous methods to further validate and generalize the finding to a larger population in the future studies.

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Keywords: Life Satisfaction, Self-esteem, Emotional Intelligence, Mental health

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Health Risk Assessment (HRA) is a systematic process used to evaluate the potential adverse health effects resulting from exposure to environmental, chemical, biological, or occupational hazards. The assessment typically involves four core components: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, HRA estimates both the likelihood and severity of harmful outcomes in defined populations, and supports decision-making in public health management, regulatory policy, and risk communication. As a multidisciplinary framework, HRA integrates toxicology, epidemiology, environmental science, and statistical modeling to guide protective measures and reduce health burdens. Increasingly, emerging methodologies--such as probabilistic modeling, biomonitoring, and cumulative risk assessment--are enhancing the precision and relevance of HRAs, enabling more effective interventions and evidence-based policy development.

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Health Risk Assessment, XGBoost, Machine Learning, Agentic AI, Generative AI, Explainable AI, Flask Deployment, Digital Health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition