Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This study looks at how different colors shape the way people think about a brand, how they feel when they see it, and how they react to it.The research aimed to understand whether color alone affects brand recognition and buying decisions or if it works together with other branding elements. A survey of 51 respondents was conducted to gather insights. The results show that most people recognize brands through their colors and believe that packaging color influences how they judge product quality. While color plays an important role in shaping perceptions and purchase decisions, it works best when combined with elements like logo, design, and overall brand value. The study highlights that color is not just decorative but a powerful tool in branding and marketing.

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Color psychology, Branding, Consumer Perception

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The artificial intelligence and blockchain-powered intelligent healthcare system is designed to improve the quality of early detection of heart diseases, improve the safety of medical records, and allow remote access to healthcare. The model is based on a decision tree classifier to examine the health parameters of the patients and predict cardiovascular risk. A blockchain-inspired ledger secures the prediction output through SHA-256 hashing and chaining, providing tamper-evident medical record storage. The presence of a combined telemedicine unit will allow patients and doctors to communicate with each other remotely via report access and consultations. The experimental results demonstrate the model's satisfaction and the system's suitability for use in a multi-user environment. The system proposed is more secure, transparent, and accessible than the traditional healthcare platforms.

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 Keywords

Smart Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Heart Disease Prediction, Decision Tree, Telemedicine, Secure Medical Records

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The play portrays the Indian emperor, Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, with visions and ideologies neither of which could be successfully implemented during his reign, degenerating the kingdom and the emperor himself. This paper looks at the play through the symbolisms of chess, Tughlaq's multiple reflections, and the interplay of fact and fiction. It seeks to find out whether the play is one beyond the structured aspect of binaries, namely the real and the ideal, the ethical and the unethical, faith and betrayal, and reason and chaos. Through the paradoxical figure of Tughlaq, it attempts to look at the element of irony implied in every motif of mirror imaging and parallelism employed by Girish Karnad. Through his juxtaposition of history and fiction, Karnad exposes the intertwining of the ideals, and often perplexes the characters as well as the audience with the aspect of truth. The play captures much of the eccentricities of Tughlaq, who went down to be known as the 'wisest fool' in history. However, it also asks whether his decisions were a mere whim of a tyrant, those ahead of his time, or the ones which were poorly executed leading to suspect all of his sanity. What follows is rampant corruption in the kingdom, the ethical dilemma of Tughlaq, and the gradual disillusionment of his people as well as his own.

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binaries, ideal, real, disillusionment, chess, reflections, reason

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EmergyLink is a secure digital healthcare platform designed to manage personal health records and provide intelligent wellness support using modern web technologies and artificial intelligence. The system enables users to store, organize, and access their medical records in a centralized platform while ensuring data privacy and security. The proposed system integrates QR-based emergency access that allows authorized healthcare professionals to retrieve critical patient information during emergencies after proper verification. EmergyLink also includes an AI-based wellness assistant that analyzes health data and provides personalized health insights, reminders, and preventive recommendations. The platform supports secure doctor-patient interaction where doctors can temporarily access patient records through QR authentication for consultation purposes. The system is developed using the MERN stack architecture to ensure scalability, reliability, and efficient healthcare data management. By combining digital health record management, AI-based analysis, and emergency accessibility, EmergyLink aims to improve healthcare accessibility, enhance patient awareness, and support faster medical response in critical situations.

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Personal Health Record, Digital Healthcare System, Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, QR Code Medical Access, Health Data Management, MERN Stack, Healthcare Security

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Karl Haushofer, a German geopolitician, invented the phrase "Indo-Pacific" in the 1920s. It is referring to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Indo-Pacific region includes 38 nations, 44 percent of the world's surface area, 65 percent of the world's population, 46 percent of goods commerce, 55 percent of container trade, and much more. As a result, this area is vital for all countries worldwide. The major stakeholders in this region are India, China, Japan, Australia, and ASEAN. Many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, ASEAN, and small island states, see India as a counterweight to China's dominance in the Indo-Pacific. Because India has a coastline of over 7,500 kilometres. 90% of global trade by volume and 77% by value of India's trade is carried by sea. India's ambition for the Indo-Pacific is for it to be free, secure, independent, and inclusive. All nations should be followed the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and international Sea lines of communications (SLOCs) should be secured. The Indo-Pacific region is particularly important for both importing and exporting countries because if one country controls this area, it influences global commerce. As a consequence, via efforts such as the Quad Alliance, the AUKUS alliance, and the ASEAN perspective for the Indo-Pacific and East Asia Summit, the big powers, with the collaboration of India and other middle-power nations, promote a free Indo-Pacific area. Under the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative, India also has a SAGAR Initiative. The recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak devastated the world. Many challenges emerge as a result of COVID-19, including poverty, medical shortages, oxygen supply shortages, economic turmoil in many nations, and vaccination shortages. This study primarily focuses on India's strategy in COVID-19 for Indo-Pacific countries, intending to investigate the relationship between India and ASEAN countries, and how India assisted East Asian and Southeast Asian countries.

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 Keywords

Indo-pacific, United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), International Sea Lines of Communications (SLOCs), QUAD, SAGAR Initiative, COVID-19, India, ASEAN, AUKUS Alliance

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Liver cirrhosis, conceptualized in the Unani System of Medicine (USM) as Talazzuz al-Kabid or Segar-e-Jigar, represents a catastrophic structural transformation and shrinkage of the liver parenchyma. This narrative review provides an exhaustive synthesis of classical Unani perspectives, tracing the evolution of hepatic pathology from the Greek foundational period to the refined clinical observations of the 19th-century Indian subcontinent. The pathogenesis is critically analyzed through the framework of humoral imbalance (Su-e-Mizaj), specifically the pathological dominance of Sauda (black bile) and chronic Sudad (obstructions) within the hepatic vasculature. This manuscript integrates the therapeutic principles of Tanqiya (evacuation) and Taqwiyat (tonification), utilizing potent deobstruent (Muftta-eh-Sudad) and hepatotonic (Muqawwi-e-Jigar) drugs. A systematic comparison with modern pathophysiology, specifically fibrosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular failure, reveals a sophisticated alignment between traditional humoral theory and modern histological transformations. Furthermore, recent clinical evidence documenting the efficacy of complex polyherbal decoctions and distillates (Araqiyat) in improving Fibroscan-measured liver stiffness and biochemical parameters is synthesized. The review underscores the conceptual depth of Unani medicine in managing end-stage liver disease and advocates for a multi-dimensional integrative approach to combat the global burden of hepatic cirrhosis.

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Unani Medicine, Talazzuz al-Kabid, Liver Cirrhosis, Segar-e-Jigar, Humoral Theory.

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This paper examines Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide (2004) as a significant work of eco-literature that foregrounds the intricate relationship between human life, non-human species and fragile ecosystems. Set in the Sundarbans, one of the most ecologically sensitive regions in the world, the novel portrays nature not as a passive backdrop but as a dynamic, unpredictable force that shapes human existence. Drawing on ecocritical theory, this study explores how Ghosh interrogates anthropocentrism, environmental ethics and the politics of conservation. The novel highlights the tensions between scientific conservation, indigenous ecological knowledge and the survival needs of marginalized communities. By weaving together narratives of displacement, human-animal conflict and environmental vulnerability, The Hungry Tide challenges dominant environmental discourses that often exclude subaltern voices. The paper argues that Ghosh expands the scope of eco-literature by situating ecological concerns within postcolonial realities, revealing how environmental preservation can become a tool of power and exclusion. Through its emphasis on coexistence rather than domination, the novel calls for an inclusive ecological consciousness that recognizes both human and non-human agency. In the context of contemporary climate crises and ecological displacement, The Hungry Tide emerges as a vital literary intervention that redefines environmental responsibility and ethical engagement with nature.

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Eco-literature, Ecocriticism, Environmental Ethics, Sundarbans and Postcolonial Ecology.

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This study examined whether derivatives markets in India quantify the uncertainty embedded in corporate environmental targets and whether target credibility attenuates option-implied downside risk. Using firm-level events derived from standardised sustainability disclosures under the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) framework, third-party target validation records from the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), and climate-policy milestones including India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) and notified greenhouse gas emissions-intensity target rules, the study tested how option-implied volatility, volatility skew, and related risk-neutral tail measures responded to the introduction and revision of corporate emissions targets. A panel of listed Indian firms with actively traded derivatives was assembled, target characteristics were merged with daily contract-level options and futures data from the National Stock Exchange (NSE), and event-study and staggered-adoption difference-in-differences (DiD) estimators robust to heterogeneous treatment effects were applied. Endogeneity was addressed using quasi-exogenous credibility shocks induced by phased BRSR Core assurance requirements and, where feasible, instrumental variables exploiting policy-driven variation in climate compliance exposure. Credible targets were found to reduce implied volatility skew and variance risk premia, consistent with markets updating downward the probability of severe downside transition shocks. The paper contributes to climate finance by providing an India-specific framework connecting mandatory sustainability reporting with forward-looking derivative prices, and offers regulatory implications for disclosure standardisation, assurance design, and carbon-market architecture.

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Keywords: Corporate environmental targets, implied volatility, volatility skew, variance risk premium, climate transition risk, BRSR, BRSR Core assurance, India, event study, staggered DiD.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Climate-related litigation has increasingly emerged as a powerful tool for advancing environmental accountability and influencing policy reform in India. This study traces the evolution of climate litigation within the Indian legal framework, charting its shift from traditional environmental public interest petitions to cases that directly address climate change concerns. It analyses key judicial pronouncements, including the landmark M.K. Ranjitsinh v. Union of India, in which the Supreme Court recognised a constitutional right to be protected against the adverse effects of climate change, as well as the continuing proceedings in Ridhima Pandey v. Union of India, where governmental inaction on climate issues has been challenged. Through a detailed review of case law, statutory frameworks, and emerging judicial trends, the study demonstrates how Indian courts have progressively expanded constitutional protections to address climate-related harm, while remaining attentive to the country's developmental imperatives. It further considers the persistent challenges of implementation, the tension between economic growth and environmental preservation, and the likely trajectory of climate litigation in the world's largest democracy. Overall, the analysis underscores that judicial intervention particularly through public interest litigation has become a central avenue for pursuing climate justice in India, transforming abstract constitutional guarantees into enforceable environmental duties.

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Climate Change Litigation Environmental Jurisprudence in India Public Interest Litigation (PIL) Constitutional Environmentalism Article 21 and Right to Life Sustainable Development Intergenerational Equity Precautionary Principle Polluter Pays Principle Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) National Green Tribunal (NGT) Judicial Activism Climate Governance Paris Agreement Environmental Justice Carbon Emissions Regulation Biodiversity Protection Climate Adaptation and Mitigation

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The past decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in oncology with the emergence of nanomedicine as a transformative platform for precision cancer therapy. Conventional treatment modalities--including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy--are frequently constrained by systemic toxicity, suboptimal tumor accumulation, and therapeutic resistance. Engineered nanoplatforms, spanning lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic systems, offer unprecedented control over drug biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and intracellular trafficking. By leveraging physicochemical tunability and multifunctional design, these systems enable spatiotemporally regulated therapeutic delivery through both passive targeting mechanisms, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and active ligand-mediated cellular recognition. Recent advances have expanded nanomedicine beyond single-agent delivery toward programmable, stimuli-responsive constructs capable of integrating chemotherapy, gene modulation, immunotherapy, and phototherapies within unified platforms. Biomimetic strategies--including membrane cloaking and exosome-inspired carriers--further enhance immune evasion and tumor selectivity. Concurrently, rational control of particle size, surface chemistry, and architecture has improved tumor penetration, minimized off-target sequestration, and enabled synergistic multimodal interventions against heterogeneous and metastatic disease. Despite these advances, translational hurdles persist, including variable tumor microenvironment responses, complex host-nanoparticle interactions, large-scale manufacturing constraints, and regulatory challenges surrounding safety and long-term biodistribution. The convergence of nanotechnology with systems biology, immune engineering, and artificial intelligence-guided formulation design is poised to accelerate clinical translation. Collectively, emerging nanomedicine strategies redefine the therapeutic landscape of oncology by enabling programmable, multimodal, and patient-adapted interventions, moving cancer treatment closer toward truly precision-driven care.

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 Keywords

Targeted Nanomedicine, Cancer Drug Delivery, Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles, Tumor Microenvironment Targeting, Multimodal Cancer Therapy

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