Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the banking sector has transformed traditional credit risk assessment models and reshaped financial risk management practices. This study examines the role of AI-driven credit risk assessment in enhancing banking stability. Traditional credit evaluation methods, largely based on statistical models, often face limitations in predictive accuracy and adaptability to dynamic financial environments. AI techniques such as machine learning and neural networks offer improved accuracy, real-time risk evaluation, and the ability to process large volumes of structured and unstructured data. Using secondary data from commercial banks and regulatory reports published by the Reserve Bank of India, this study analyzes the relationship between AI adoption in credit scoring, non-performing asset (NPA) ratios, and overall banking stability indicators such as capital adequacy and Z-score measures. The findings are expected to demonstrate that AI-based credit risk models significantly enhance predictive performance and contribute to financial resilience by reducing default rates. The study provides managerial and policy implications for banks and regulators regarding responsible AI implementation while highlighting associated risks such as model bias and governance challenges.

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Artificial Intelligence, Credit Risk Assessment, Banking Stability, Non-Performing Assets, Machine Learning, Financial Risk Management.

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Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by recurrent, unilateral, severe facial pain, often triggered by trauma, surgical interventions, or idiopathic causes. In Ayurveda, TN may be correlated with Anantavata under Vataja Shiroroga. This case study highlights the integrative approach of Ayurvedic and modern medicine in TN management. Aim:- To evaluate the effectiveness of integrative management in case of trigeminal neuralgia. Objective: To assess efficacy of combined Ayurvedic panchakarma therapies and modern therapies on pain relief ,functional improvement and quality of life in trigeminal neuralgia. Methods and Materials: A 32-year-old male patient had complaints of severe left temporal and buccal pain since 2 years with history of septoplasty and FESS. Ayurvedic treatment included oral medications, Panchakarma therapies like shamana Nasya and Karna purana. Modern supportive therapy included neurotropic injections and neuroprotective supplements. Results: After 3 weeks of integrative treatment, the patient reported reduction in pain frequency and severity, with improved sleep and daily activities. At 2 months follow-up, the patient demonstrated sustained relief without recurrence. Discussion: Trauma and prior ENT surgeries may have triggered trigeminal nerve irritation, leading to chronic neuralgia. Ayurvedic interventions, particularly Nasya and Jalauka Avacharana, provided significant symptomatic relief. The integrative use of Ayurveda with neurotropic therapy enhanced recovery and improved quality of life. Conclusion: Integrative management of trigeminal neuralgia proved effective in this case, demonstrating pain relief and functional improvement. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these results on a larger scale.

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Trigeminal neuralgia, Anantavata ,Jalauka Avacharana, karna puran

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Green entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant driver of sustainable economic development in India. With increasing environmental concerns, climate change risks, and the need for sustainable resource utilisation, entrepreneurs are integrating ecological principles into business models. Green entrepreneurship refers to business initiatives that focus on environmental sustainability while generating economic value and social impact. This conceptual study examines the opportunities and challenges of green entrepreneurship in India. The paper discusses policy support, renewable energy expansion, sustainable consumption trends, technological innovation, and ESG investment as growth drivers. It also highlights barriers such as financial constraints, regulatory complexity, lack of awareness, and market uncertainty. The study proposes a conceptual framework linking green entrepreneurial orientation with sustainable performance outcomes. The paper contributes by offering a structured understanding of the Indian green business ecosystem and providing directions for policymakers and researchers.

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Green Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development, ESG, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Business, India

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Pulp capping, Dental students, Material preference, Calcium hydroxide, Mineral trioxide aggregate, Knowledge assessment

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This paper examines India's defence diplomacy with Central Asian countries, focusing on their evolution and strategic significance. Central Asian Countries situated at the heart of Eurasia and often been the subject of power struggles among global powers due to their Geo-strategic location as it links the Asia with Europe. Apart from this, Central Asian region is also important because of its instability due to terrorism, drug traficking and extremism. Over the past decade, India has expanded its military engagement with countries such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan through regular joint exercises, military training programmes to focus upon counterterrorism, extremism. These exercises and programmes reflects defence cooperation between India and the Central Asian republics, particularly in the context of regional instability in Afghanistan and the evolving geopolitical dynamics of Eurasia. This study traces the development of defence diplomacy of India and Central Asia from their initial stages to current time, highlighting their objectives and diplomatic implications. Central Asian States situated at middle of Eurasia and don't hold direct geographical linkages with India, so limited in scalecompared of engagements India has with major powers, these military exercises, high level visits of defence cooperation etc serve as an important tool for security cooperation and defence diplomacy. This paper argues that India's defence diplomacy in Central Asia, though limited in scope, represent a strategically significant important tool to strengthen security ties, enhance regional stability, and reflect India's growing engagement in the Central Asian Republics.

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Defence Diplomacy, India, Central Asia, Security Cooperation, Counter-Terrorism Cooperation, Multi-Vector Foreign Policy

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The retail industry has experienced substantial transformation in recent years, largely driven by technological advancements and evolving consumer behavior. As digital technologies reshape how consumers interact with brands, omnichannel marketing has emerged as a key strategic approach aimed at delivering a seamless and integrated customer experience across both online and offline channels. By coordinating multiple touchpoints--such as social media platforms, mobile applications, physical stores, and interactive websites--retailers are able to engage customers in a more holistic and personalized manner. Existing research indicates that effective omnichannel marketing enhances customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention, ultimately contributing to increased sales and revenue growth. However, successful implementation requires a comprehensive understanding of customer preferences and behavior, as well as the capability to integrate data, technologies, and organizational processes across channels. Retailers that effectively adopt omnichannel strategies can achieve a significant competitive advantage, whereas those that fail to adapt may struggle to remain relevant in an increasingly dynamic marketplace. As the retail landscape continues to evolve, the strategic importance of omnichannel marketing is expected to grow further. The findings indicate that the retail sector has grown significantly in the past three years, encouraging many major organizations to implement omnichannel strategies in order to remain competitive. Unlike multi-channel and cross-channel approaches, omnichannel retailing combines digital and physical channels to create a cohesive and seamless customer journey. By adopting a customer-focused approach that prioritizes integration and personalization, it enhances customer engagement, stimulates purchase behavior, strengthens retention, and improves overall customer satisfaction. This research seeks to offer practical insights for retail businesses aiming to strengthen their competitive edge in a swiftly evolving market.

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Keywords: Omnichannel Retailing, Omnichannel Marketing, Technologies Awareness, customer engagement.

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Plagiarism Detection; Sentence Transformers; Chunk-Based Similarity; Auto-Calibrated Threshold; Agentic AI; ReAct Framework; PAN 2011 Corpus; TF-IDF; LCS; Natural Language Processing

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The process of credit risk evaluation has undergone a paradigm shift owing to the growing adoption of machine learning and deep learning technology in the past few years. In this survey, we conduct a systematic review of 29 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 and develop a comprehensive taxonomy of nine methodological categories that cover conventional machine learning, deep learning models, generative adversarial networks, interpretable artificial intelligence models, reinforcement learning, graph-based learning, multimodal fusion, large language models, and method aggregation. By performing quantitative meta-analysis, we distil three critical findings: Firstly, that ensemble methods have reached optimal performance with a mean AUC of 0.87 (? = 0.07), which represents 11.5% relative improvement compared to logistic regression baselines while being compliant with regulatory requirements. Secondly, that Explainable AI integration through SHAP and LIME frameworks enables transparent audit trails with at most 1% degradation in model accuracy: Random Forest achieves 99% accuracy on benchmark datasets. Lastly, zero-shot large language models underperform traditional methods by up to 26% (0.67 vs. 0.89 mean AUC) due to limitations in structured data reasoning, but allow semantic risk extraction from unstructured sources. Graph-based architectures with CTGAN augmentation yield the top discrimination of 0.99 AUC but incur a training cost of 1000x compared to ensemble methods. We also show that deep learning offers significant advantages only when datasets contain more than 50,000 samples, and that temporal validation is still critically under-explored, with only 15% of studies including out-of-time testing. The current work presents quantitative benchmarks and identifies deploymentcritical research gaps in causal inference, federated learning, and adversarial robustness.

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Credit Score Prediction, Machine Learning, WGAN-GP, Class Imbalance, XGBoost, LightGBM, Ensemble Learning, Financial Technology

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Background: V?ta Do?a is considered the primary regulatory principle governing all physiological movements and functional activities in Ayurveda. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe V?ta as responsible for neural communication, sensory perception, motor activity, respiration, circulation, and excretory functions. These descriptions demonstrate close functional similarity with the regulatory role of the nervous system described in modern neurophysiology. Objective: To analyze the Ayurvedic concept of V?ta Do?a and correlate its physiological functions with modern neurophysiological principles, with special reference to the therapeutic role of Basti therapy. Methods: A narrative integrative review was conducted based on classical Ayurvedic literature, including Charaka Sa?hit? and A????ga H?daya, along with contemporary scientific literature from standard physiology textbooks and peer-reviewed journals related to neurophysiology, enteric nervous system, gut-brain axis, and neuroenteric regulation. Classical descriptions were critically interpreted and correlated with modern scientific concepts. Results: Classical Ayurvedic descriptions identify V?ta Do?a as the governing factor of movement, communication, and coordination within the body. Functional attributes of V?ta show conceptual parallels with neural impulse transmission, autonomic regulation, and systemic physiological integration. The colon (Pakv??aya), described as the principal seat of V?ta, corresponds functionally with the enteric nervous system and gut-brain axis recognized in modern science. Basti therapy, administered at the primary seat of V?ta, may exert therapeutic effects through modulation of enteric neural activity, autonomic balance, and neuroendocrine signaling. Conclusion: An integrative interpretation suggests that V?ta Do?a represents a neurophysiological regulatory principle coordinating bodily functions. Understanding Basti therapy through gut-brain axis mechanisms provides a scientific perspective for traditional Ayurvedic practice and supports the development of integrative therapeutic approaches for neurological and functional disorders.

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V?ta Do?a, Neurophysiology, Nervous System, Basti Therapy, Gut-Brain Axis, Enteric Nervous System.

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The paper explores the psychological aspects of anti-heroism in the works of Emily and Charlotte Brontë: Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. It considers how traumatised, repressed, inner conflict characters make heroism psychologically complex in the nineteenth century literature. The Victorian concept of ethical stasis and societal conformity is undermined by characters like Edward Rochester, Jane Eyre, Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw. This paper examines the effect of marginalisation, childhood trauma, and repressed emotions on creating anti-heroic identities within psychoanalytic concepts such as Freudian theories, Jungian theories on the shadow self and the traumatic theory. Heathcliff is the anti-hero of destruction, which is dependent on the unresolved anguish and compulsive disorder, whereas Jane Eyre is a character of moral and psychological autonomy. The thesis states that these novels transform anti-heroism as a mere ethical deviation into a complicated psychological state, which makes the inner conflict, identity formation, and emotional conflict a set of the modern literary heroes.

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Psychological Anti-Heroism; Victorian Literature; Trauma and Identity; Psychoanalytic Criticism; Jane Eyre; Wuthering Heights

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