Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

To get rid of certain drawbacks of traditional formulations, considerable attention has been paid to lipid-based drug delivery systems in recent years. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising delivery systems among these because of their ease of manufacturing processes, ability to scale up, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of formulation constituents, as well as a number of additional benefits that may be related to a particular route of administration or the nature of the materials that are to be loaded onto these delivery systems. The use of many Nano-structured technologies for ocular medication delivery has shown some encouraging outcomes. During the 1990s, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been investigated as possible drug delivery systems. Due to the fact that SLNs are made from physiological lipids, they do not exhibit bio toxicity. Since they may increase drug absorption via the cornea and increase the bioavailability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic medicines in the eye, SLNs are particularly helpful in the delivery of drugs to the eye. Another advantages of SLNs is that they allow autoclave sterilization, which is required before creating ocular preparations. This review outlines anatomy and physiology of eye, challenges in ocular drug deliver, brief overview about SLN with their application in common ocular diseases, future perspective of ocular drug delivery.

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 Keywords

Solid Lipid Nanoparticle, Ocular Drug Delivery, Nano-particle, Nano structural Lipid Carrier

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Under the vast Indian sky, where the rhythm of seasons dictates the farmer's dance with the land, a new melody is emerging. It's a symphony of interconnected sensors, automated systems, and data-driven insights, orchestrated by the Internet of Things (IoT). This transformative technology promises to uplift the moderate conditions of millions of farmers, addressing the age-old challenges that have long plagued Indian agriculture. Imagine fields where soil sensors whisper secrets of nutrient deficiencies, their data relayed to smartphones, empowering farmers to make precise fertilizer decisions. Envision water stress woes fading away as smart irrigation systems, guided by real-time weather data, deliver life-giving drops directly to thirsty roots, optimizing water usage and maximizing yields. Picture crops flourishing under the watchful eye of IoT-powered drones, their high-resolution images revealing pest infestations or diseases before they can wreak havoc. This is not a futuristic fantasy, but the very real potential that diverse IoT gadgets hold for Indian agriculture. These marvels of technology go beyond mere data collection. They are instruments of empowerment, equipping farmers with knowledge that was once out of reach. Real-time weather updates gleaned from connected weather stations help farmers prepare for impending storms or adjust sowing schedules based on changing precipitation patterns. Market price information streamed directly to their mobile devices allows them to navigate the complexities of fluctuating demand and secure better returns for their produce. The symphony extends beyond individual farms, connecting farmers to experts and agricultural communities through online platforms, fostering knowledge sharing and collaborative problem-solving. However, the adoption of this transformative technology is not without its challenges. Limited access to the internet, particularly in remote rural areas, can act as a roadblock. The initial cost of some gadgets might pose a hurdle for resource-constrained farmers. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach. Government initiatives like subsidizing IoT devices and establishing digital infrastructure in rural areas can play a crucial role. Collaborations between private companies, NGOs, and research institutions can develop affordable and accessible solutions tailored to the specific needs of Indian farmers. Educational programs can bridge the digital divide, empowering farmers to utilize these technologies effectively. The potential rewards, however, far outweigh the challenges. By embracing the diverse symphony of IoT gadgets, Indian agriculture can be catapulted into a new era of sustainability and prosperity. Imagine fields bursting with healthy crops, farmers armed with knowledge and empowered to make informed decisions, and a vibrant rural economy humming with renewed life. This is the future that awaits, a future where technology becomes not just a tool, but a bridge to a better tomorrow for millions of Indian farmers. The stage is set, the instruments are tuned, and the conductor's baton awaits. It's time for the symphony of IoT to begin, transforming the landscape of Indian agriculture, one connected note at a time.

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 Keywords

IoT in agriculture, Indian farmers, Smart agriculture, Precision agriculture, Digital divide, Rural development, Sustainability

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 Abstract

भारतीय, नेपाली, काव्य, नियुग, मनरोग, असामान्य मनविज्ञान, द्विध्रुिीय विकार, मनविकार स्िायीभाि, विषय तिा आश्रयआलंबन विभाि, िस्तु. चररत्र, पररिेि, काययअिस्िा, अियप्रकृ थत, िब्दअिय सहभाि, उद्दीपन विभाि, अनुभाि, संचारीभाि, उन्मादरस, प्रथतपादन, सामान्यीकरण, पररपाक, रसअनुभूथत।

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Innovation is a key to success in business. In this fast-changing world, entering into the market and survival for an organisation is very difficult. Creativity and Innovation both helps the person to become an Entrepreneur. It is very important for any economy to promote the entrepreneurial activities as it contributes to the GDP and overall development of the economy. It boosts the growth rate, per capita income of the population. The objectives of the study are to understand how different countries have different level of entrepreneurship in terms of perceived opportunities and capabilities and how population perceives entrepreneurship as a career choice. Comparative analysis has been performed by taking one developing country-India and one developed country-USA to deeply understand the situation in the type of economies. In addition, institutional framework condition has been taken of different economies to understand how economies support entrepreneurial activities. Institutional Framework includes many factors like Funds and access to funds, how much the government is supporting the different programs for entrepreneurship, ease of doing business, rules and regulations, entry burden and restrictions and so on. There are different levels of entrepreneurship which are different for different economies and different institutional framework that exists in the economies which are also different.

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Business, Economy, Entrepreneurship, GDP, Institutional framework.

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Iruliga is one of the tribal communities of Karnataka. Iruliga are living in the area of the Nilgiri Mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. A Scheduled Tribe, their population in Karnataka is estimated at 25,000 people. The populations of Iruliga civilization are called Irular, and speak Irula, which belongs to the Dravidian family. Irular means "dark people" in Tamil and Malayalam, from the root word viral, meaning "darkness", about their dark skin complexion. The tribe numbers 1,89,621 in a significant region of Tamil Nadu and 23,721 in Kerala. This paper focuses on the economic status of the Iruliga tribal community of the Ramangara District of Karnataka.

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Iruliga, Irula, Ramanagara, Economic status, Schedules Tribe, Traditional activities

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Literature plays a significant role in manifesting global peace and men's happiness. Many writes have contributed to stress world peace and anti-terrorism through their writings. One such prominent Personality is Stephen Gill, who is of course the bard of world peace and anti-terrorism. In the words of K.V. Dominic, born in Pakistan, brought up in India, and now settled in Canada, stephen Gill is a Canadian writer, Indian English writer and a world writer" ( Preface vi). Stephen Gill strongly believes in a democratically elected world government and in this sense he would not like to be confined to the narrow boundary of any nation. Global peace and social concerns are the main areas of his interest. This paper entitled " Stephen Gill's The Flame - A panorama of Global Peace" is an attempt to analyse how stephen Gill reveals the calamities of war and the loss of harmony and thereby stresses world peace through The Flame.

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Terrorism, Global Peace, Humanistic Vision, Atrocity, Annihilation, Commitment

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In India, joint ventures are a typical way to conduct business. As strategic partnerships between local and foreign organizations, joint ventures are essential to promoting global integration, technology interchange, and economic progress. Nonetheless, there are more and more joint venture violations occurring, which can result in legal problems and make it harder to maintain profitable collaborations. In order to look at the underlying causes, trends, and effects of joint venture breaches, this research takes a multidisciplinary approach that combines legal, economic, and managerial viewpoints. It looks at the laws and procedures that control joint ventures in India, emphasizing important clauses and procedures for handling infractions and disagreements. Joint venture breaches have substantial financial consequences for the Indian market and its stakeholders, with elements including employment, investments, and technology transfer being taken into consideration. Ultimately, the main objective of this research is to present a thorough understanding of the violations of joint venture agreements committed by international businesses operating in India. The research also examines case studies of significant joint venture breaches, finding recurring patterns and unique elements that lead to these breaches. In order to improve the efficacy of regulatory frameworks, dispute resolution procedures, and general management strategies for joint ventures in the Indian context, the research aims to provide important knowledge by analysing the nuances and complexity surrounding joint venture breaches.

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 Keywords

Joint venture, Foreign direct investment, Breach

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Since 1952, when the first Lok Sabha elections took place, Indian electoral politics has experienced continuity and change in form of various issues and trends. This paper in particular seeks to analyze the 17th Lok Sabha general elections from various perspectives. The verdict of these elections presents interesting and notable information about the Indian electoral politics and political culture. Analysis of the poll verdict of 17th Lok Sabha general elections brings up many facts about the continuity and change of the electoral politics.

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17th Lok Sabha Election, Electoral Issues, Electoral Politics

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Nucleic acid vaccines, in particular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, show notable benefits in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The nucleic acid vaccine's potential as a preventative and therapeutic measure has been greatly increased by the use of polymeric materials as delivery vehicles. Improved in vivo stability, enhanced biosafety, selective cellular absorption, endolysosomal escape, and promoted antigen expression are among the features of polymeric nucleic acid vaccines. Nevertheless, polymeric the hurdles facing polymer-gene vaccination systems are still too great, despite significant advancements in the past few decades in the delivery of nucleic acid vaccines and clinical translation. An overview of different polymers and their properties, as well as sample formulations, are given in this review for the delivery of vaccines containing nucleic acids. It also explores the issues that are currently being faced in this field, how to solve them, and the potential uses of polymeric carriers and nucleic acid vaccines. This review's main objective is to protect against serious or emerging diseases by rationally designing and developing polymeric vaccine delivery systems. This review also includes information about recently developed novel delivery platforms and new vaccine vectors.

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Nucleic Acid Vaccine, Gene Delivery, Humoral Immunity, Cellular Immunity

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ABSTRACT: Kidney stones are common in all kinds of urolithiasis. The study focuses on Polyherbal extracts containing Boerhavia diffusa and Celosia argentea and Plumeria rubra seed pod was prepared and evaluated for antilithiatic byin vivo method. The traditional system of medicine includes the use of many herbal medicines for the treatment of kidney stone due to the presence of Flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and other chemicals having different mode of action. This study was conducted on Ethylene glycol-induced rats to examine the antilithiatic potential of selected herbs. Objective: To examine the Antilithiatic activity of Polyherbal extract on urine and serum parameters in Ethylene Glycol induced urolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Method: In this study Wistar rats were kept in metabolic cage separately from the day of starting the experiment until entire duration of 28 days of experiment, having six rats in each group. Urolithiasis was generated by administering ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) in drinking water orally. Cystone 750mg/Kg is used as a standard for comparing the activity of plant extracts. Polyherbal extracts were used in two concentrations i.e. 200 and 400mg/Kg for 28 days. Results: It was found from urine analysis that, in disease control animals' calcium, phosphorus and oxalate excretion were significantly increased, while the magnesium level decreased when compared with Normal group animals. Also from serum analysis it was found that the treatment of rats with Extract 1 and 2 (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and Cystone (750 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant (p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001) increment in Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphorus, Serum BUN, Serum Creatinine and increment in Serum Uric acid when compared with DC rats. Thus polyherbal extract of 400mg/Kg of all three plants was found to be effective for treating Kidney stones.

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Polyherbal, Antilithiatic, Serum calcium, phosphorus, uric acid.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition