Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The conventional concrete has lost its usage in modern days as it does not serve the present needs. Hence to improve the workability, durability and the ultimate strength of the concrete, high performance concrete (HPC) with super plasticizers and pozzolans are used. Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. The addition of mineral admixture in cement has dramatically increased along with the development of concrete industry, due to the consideration of cost saving, energy saving, environmental protection and conservation of resources.

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 Keywords

Compressive strength, Durability, High Performance Concrete, High reactivity meta kaolin, Mineral Admixtures.

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 Abstract

Flow measurement is important in the process industry which is used to measure the flow of the liquid or gas. The flow meters which are used in industry are for local indication where the data cannot be processed directly from flow meter. Hence an intelligent flow meter is developed in which Hall effect sensor and rotameter are integrated to measure the flow rate. The Hall voltage measurement is affected by the temperature. Variation of hall voltage with respect to temperature are non linear in nature Hence neural network is used to compensate this non linearity. Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is used to train the neural network model. Improved flow measurement accuracy makes it possible to reduce the variability in the chemical process of the industry.

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 Keywords

Hall effect sensor, Rotameter, Neural network.

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 Abstract

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There are different ways to improve the performance of IPMSM drives. In this project the speed of Interior Permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled based on Proportional integral (PI) controller. With this approach, dynamics of the system varies in some cases with operating conditions and time which results in a poor performance. To overcome this problem Field oriented control algorithm based fuzzy logic is proposed. The response time problem in PI controller is resolved by implementing fuzzy logic controller. Sugeno type Fuzzy Inference Engine is implemented with Generalized bell shaped membership function. An internal mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine(IPMSM) is preferred in this project. From simulation results comparison of IPMSM parameters are done between PI controller and Fuzzy controller. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB simulink.

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 Keywords

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, Proportional integral, Fuzzy controller, Sugeno fuzzy inference engine.

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 Abstract

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Rural Development, Sustainable Development, Grey water Treatment, Rain Water Harvesting.

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ZnO nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial activities on broad spectrum of bacteria. The present study focused on the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the extract of spinach, garlic and ginger with the use of zinc acetate as precursor. Characterization of the nanoparticles was done by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect of ZnO nanoparticles against Propionibacterium acnes that causes acne was tested by agar well diffusion method. Among the synthesised nanoparticles ZnO nanoparticles prepared from the garlic extract shown the enhanced antibacterial property against propionibacterium acnes, the zone of inhibition 1.9 cm.

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 Keywords

Propionibacterium acnes, ZnO nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, agar well diffusion.

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 Abstract

Amplification through Hybrid optical amplifiers (HOAs) is a promising and competent technology for pacy and high capacity DWDM (Dense wavelength-division-multiplexing) systems. Hybrid optical amplifiers are proposed to get better reach as well as to achieve wide gain bandwidth. In this work, diverse arrangements of amplifiers such as EDFA, SOA and RAMAN are considered for amplification in an ultra dense WDM system with channel spacings of 25 GHz. Investigation has been done for 16, 32 channels and performance is evaluated in terms of output power, Q-factor, and BER. Frequency spacing is 25 GHz to provide greater bandwidth efficiency and scrutinized its effect on FWM (Four wave mixing) in three different cases such as EDFA-EDFA, Raman-EDFA and SOA-EDFA. It is perceived that effect of FWM is greater on the SOA-EDFA arrangement and less on the Raman-EDFA. It is evident from the results that RAMAN-EDFA is best for the distance from 20 Km to 140 Km and SOA-EDFA exhibits best performance for distance of 150 Km to 200 Km. For large distances such as more than 200 Km, erbium doped amplifier-erbium doped amplifier (EDFA-EDFA) is optimal HOA Moreover, analysis of different modulations formats such as non-return to zero (NRZ) and return to zero (RZ) also has been done.

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 Keywords

Hybrid optical amplifier, Erbium doped fiber amplifier, Raman amplifier, Return to zero, Non-return to zero

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Amylolytic bacteria were isolated from decayed pomegranate. The bacteria were screened for amylase activity using starch agar plate assay. Five different substrates were used namely banana peel, Gossypium oil cake, groundnut oil cake, cassava, and wheat bran; for microbial production of amylase by Submerged fermentation (SmF) and it was found that maximum amylase activity (2.005 U/ml) specific activity (0.520U/mg ) was produced by bacterial isolate 8 using cassava as a substrate.

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Amylase, submerged fermentation, agro-waste substrates

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 Abstract

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Morphology, tree canopy soil, mineral profile, microbial flora, tree canopy litter

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 Abstract

Background of the study: Of the common disabilities of stroke survivors, motor weakness is the most prevalent and disabling. Hemiplegia is the most common and is the primary indication for rehabilitation. Consequences of hemiplegia may include abnormalities in muscular tone, as well as postural and motor control that lead to inadequate functioning of the entire body and could compromise voluntary motor function. It also compromises core strength which affects the normal functioning of respiratory muscles leading to respiratory insufficiency. This insufficiency causes dyspnea which indirectly reduces functional capacity of the individual leading to decreased quality of life. Thereby this study is proposed to determine the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle trainer along with abdominal in drawing maneuver for respiratory muscle weakness among hemiplegia. Methods and Measures: 16 patients with hemiplegia were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group A and Group B, Group A was treated with respiratory muscle training along with abdominal in drawing maneuver. Group B was treated with respiratory muscle training. Both the group patients were tested for (FEV1), (FVC), (MVV) using spirometer and Dyspnea scored using Borg scale as a pretest and after which patients were given stroke rehabilitation for 40 minutes and respiratory muscle training for 20 minutes per session per day for five days per week for a total period of 4 weeks following which outcomes were tested for posttest same as of pretest. Result: In comparison between the mean values of group A and group B, group A was found to be effective than group b with p-value <0.001 which is considered as statistically significant. In comparison within the group, both the groups showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test values. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that threshold inspiratory muscle trainer along with abdominal in-drawing maneuver is effective in improving forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity and maximum voluntary ventilation in hemiplegia.

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 Keywords

Keywords: respiratory muscle weakness, hemiplegia, threshold inspiratory muscle trainer, abdominal in drawing maneuver, FEV1 (Forced expiratory volume per second) , FVC (Forced vital capacity) , MVV (Maximum voluntary ventilation)

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