Volume 10 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This review paper focused on detailed overview of the properties, synthesis and application of the nanoparticles (NP) subsist in different forms. Nanoparticles are in very small size which ranges 1 to 100nm scale. They are classifieds into various classes based on their characteristic, size and shapes. The dissimilar group included metal NP, ceramic NP, and polymeric NP and fullerenes. NP own unique chemical characteristics and physical characteristics due to their nano-scale size and high surface area. Their optical characteristics are informed to be reliant on the size, which imparts dissimilar colors due to absorption in the noticeable region. Their toughness, reactivity and other characteristics are also reliant on on their unique shape, structure and sizes. Due to these features, they are appropriate candidates for numerous commercial and domestic applications, which comprise medical applications, imaging, environmental applications, energy-based research, and catalysis. Heavy metal NP of mercury, tin and lead are reported to be so rigid and steady that their degradation is not simply attainable, which can lead to numerous environmental toxicities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A Review on Nanoparticles - Classifications, Synthesis and Applications

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pure CdS and In-doped CdS thin films were deposited using simplified 2-electrode electrochemical deposition technique and investigated using cyclic voltammetry, XRD, UV-Visible spectroscopy and Hall Effect by vander pauw method. 1%, 2%, and 3% 0.1 M InCl3 was used for In-doping. The effect of In-doping on dislocation density and microstrain has been estimated from XRD data. Absorption, transmittance, and refractive index were investigated in spectral range 200-1100 nm by variation upon In-doping. The band gap was found to decrease from 2.40 to 2.20 eV with increase in In-content from 1% to 2%, and increases about 2.26 eV at increase in In-content from 2% to 3%. 2% In-content in CdS thin film show highest transparency due to low refractive index at wavelength 565 nm in visible region. The electrical resistivity, carrier concentration, mobility, and hall coefficient were directly estimated by vander pauw method. In-doped CdS thin film show n-type electrical conductivity and it may be further used as window layer in thin film solar cell.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Optical Properties of In-doped CdS Thin film prepared by Electrochemical Deposition Used as Window Layer in Thin film Solar Cell

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Increasing air temperatures are probable to continue in the future. The relation between soil moisture and near surface air temperature, relative humidity is important for climate change and climate extremes. In this paper we are going to study the effect of atmospheric conditions like Air Temperature, Relative Humidity on soil properties. For this Microcontroller Arduino Nano V3.0, DHT22 & corrosion less Capacitive Soil Moisture sensor V2.0 are used and the results are transmitted to cloud with the help of ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arduino, ESP8266, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, luminosity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The influence of Lithium doping on PL spectra and optical properties were studied in this report. Morphology of sol-gel derived zinc oxide thin films was also studied. 5 at% doping concentration were used in the solution. The XRD measurement exhibits single phase wurtzite structure along the (002) plane. The average particle size of pure ZnO and ZnLiO was found to be 36nm and 49.5 nm respectively. Incorporation of Lithium influenced the particle size. Films exhibits average transmittance more than 85%. Band gap increases with Li doping. FESEM reveals the uniform chromosome type structure. The PL spectra showed near band edge emission of ~399nm and deep level emission peaks of around ~468nm. The PL peak intensities were found to increase with doping of Lithium and shifting of peak was also observed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

nanostructures; ZnLiO; sol-gel; XRD measurement.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

During the previous few decades, global warming and climate change have been major issues among scientists. Almost all atmospheric scientists agree that global warming is a serious environmental hazard caused by increased quantities of certain trace gases in the atmosphere. The pollution level has risen through time due to a variety of growing populations, increased vehicle use, industrialisation, and urbanisation, all of which have negative consequences on human wellbeing by directly impacting the health of those who are exposed to it. Monitoring of poisonous gases such as CO2, Methane, NH3, CFC, Dichlorofluoromethane, NOx, and others is a necessity in today's world. IoT provides a versatile platform for monitoring these types of gases. The Internet of Things (IoT) might be a global network of "smart gadgets" that perceive and communicate with their environment, as well as interact with humans and other systems. It will display the air elements in PPM on the Display and on the website so that we can easily monitor them. The current research paper discusses the various IoT-based air pollution monitoring techniques.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Global Warming, NOx, CFC, Internet of Things, Air Pollution.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This review provides information of fabrication of thin film solar cell devices based on Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) by electrochemical deposition technique. For industrial scale applications this technique is useful for reducing the fabrication cost. It has potential to prepare large thin films due to cheap raw material source and equipment capital. This article focuses on various approaches in electrochemical deposition, parameters which affects the electrodeposition and the reaction mechanism. This article is helpful for researchers entering the field to understand the basics of CdSe and its application to photovoltaics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electrochemical deposition, thin films, optical properties.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pandemic since Covid-19 and currently due to Omicron has proven the importance of the health parameters like Heart Rate, Percentage Oxygen in the Blood and the Body Temperature; and is therefore universally known. Varieties of Pulse oximeters are available in the market at cheaper rates and mainly focus on the Heart rate and the percentage of oxygen in the blood while the body temperature is an equally important parameter and needs to be measured in emergencies. The pulse oximeters available in the market are not recommended by the medical doctors in emergencies so far the accuracy is a concern while the highly sophisticated and accurate pulse oximeters are too costly and are available only in ICUs and ICCUs in big hospitals. Here in this paper, an attempt is made to design the transmittance method-based pulse oximeter using a microcontroller which will measure not only the heart rate and the percentage of oxygen in the blood but will also measure the body temperature in ?C. Care is taken to meet the accuracy requirement with a reasonable cost to be recommended by the medical doctors in emergencies and can be made available even at small places due to low cost.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pandemic, Covid-19, Omicron, Heart Rate, Percentage Oxygen in the Blood, Body Temperature, transmittance method

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Acoustic and thermodynamic parameters have been used to indagate the properties of liquids and liquid mixtures. Such studies have been found to provide information regarding the intermolecular interactions and the structure of liquid state. In the present research work, attempts are made to investigate the behaviour of amino acids at various concentrations and at different temperatures. The measurements of ultrasonic velocity (U), density (?) and viscosity (?) have been carried out for D-proline in sodium bromide at different temperature. To get more information about the nature and strength of molecular interactions in the liquid mixtures, related acoustical parameter such as adiabatic compressibility (?), acoustic impedance (z), free length (Lf), classical absorption (?/f2), and internal pressure (Pi) are calculated from measured experimental data. The variations of these derived acoustical parameters with different concentration of the solute at different temperatures are used to explain structural changes and molecular interactions occurring in a solutions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

D-Proline, ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, classical absorption, internal pressure.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

We are investigated the combination of inorganic semiconducting nanocrystalline material with most stable organic polymer layer can leads to diverse effect towards gas sensor activity. Hence, room temperature liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor has been developed based on the heterojunction between chemically synthesized n-Bi2S3 and spin coated p-PEDOT: PSS thin layers deposited at room temperature. Both this methods are facile, low cost and suitable for large area deposition. Furthermore, this heterostructure (bi-layer) assembly has characterized using XRD, EDX, and SEM, cross sectional studies. Finally, we achieved the 64.7 % gas response at 800 ppm concentration of LPG at room temperature (27oC). The response and recovery time was calculated as 170 s and 80 s, respectively. Since, the results are designated that this heterostructure are capable for LPG sensing at room temperature (27oC).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Room temperature, LPG Sensor, Heterojunction, n-Bi2S3/p-PEDOT: PSS.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition