Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Group theory, a subfield of abstract algebra, offers a rigorous mathematical framework for investigating symmetry, transformations, and invariants. These themes are becoming increasingly important in modern construction, particularly in residential housing, where modularity, repetition, and structural balance dominate design and execution. This study investigates the use of group-theoretic principles in architectural symmetry, modular building, structural optimization, and construction scheduling. Mathematical formulations, visual figures, and tabulated analysis show how group theory improves efficiency, uniformity, and reliability in house building construction.

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 Keywords

Group theory, symmetry, modular construction, residential buildings, structural optimization

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This article examines disaster management and risk reduction strategies in the context of climate change with a specific focus on India and the wider South Asian region. It highlights the growing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters and the resulting socio-economic vulnerabilities, particularly in densely populated and resource-dependent societies. The study explains the conceptual and operational linkages between Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), emphasizing the need for their institutional and policy-level integration. It traces the evolution of India's disaster management framework from a relief-centric model to a proactive, prevention-oriented, and legally institutionalized system under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, supported by national and state-level authorities and specialized response forces. The paper reviews India's disaster profile, covering major hazards such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones, tsunamis, and landslides, and discusses mitigation, preparedness, response, and capacity-building measures aligned with global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It argues that effective risk governance requires inter-agency coordination, knowledge-sharing platforms, regional cooperation, and continuous monitoring mechanisms. The article concludes by recommending stronger institutional convergence of DRR and CCA policies, enhanced resilience-building, and regional collaboration across South Asia to address emerging climate risks and ensure sustainable development.

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 Keywords

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR); Climate Change Adaptation (CCA); Disaster Management in India; Climate-related Disasters; Risk Governance; Institutional Framework; Sendai Framework; Resilience Building; Mitigation and Preparedness; South Asia.

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Abstract: This research paper explores the constitutional rights of minorities in India, focussing on the contemporary challenges faced by them, and various measures adopted by the government from time to time for their protection. The paper examines the significance of minority rights in India, threats against the minorities in Contemporary Indian Society. Even while the Constitution guarantees fundamental rights, there are still a number of societal issues and gaps in policy execution, which raise concerns about how these rights will actually be implemented in practice.

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Minority rights, Indian Constitution, Contemporary Challenges,

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Intersectionality is a critical and holistic tool for understanding the interactions of multiple social categories and how they produce different lived experiences. This paper explores the intersections of gender, environment, and socioeconomic factors, specifically in the Indian context, where social stratification, economic inequality and environmental degradation coexist. Environmental issues like climate change, water, pollution, and resource depletion do not affect populations equally; instead, they are shaped by gender, economic conditions, caste, and resource availability. Women living in poor and marginalized communities are more vulnerable to these issues because of their reliance on natural resources for their livelihood, lack of decision-making power, and lack of access to education, health, and support services. With an interdisciplinary methodological framework that is grounded in feminist theory, environmental justice, and development studies, this paper seeks to emphasize the intersection of gender and socioeconomic factors in magnifying vulnerabilities to the environment. The paper relies on empirical data and case studies from rural and urban India, including but not limited to water availability, women's agricultural work, urban pollution, and climate change displacement. However, the paper also acknowledges the important role of women as agents of environmental sustainability, with invaluable indigenous knowledge and a pivotal role in community-managed resource use. The paper contends that mainstream environmental and development policies tend to have gender-neutral or socioeconomic perspectives that neglect the complexity of disadvantage. By using an intersectional perspective, the paper seeks to show the need for more inclusive policy frameworks that incorporate gender sensitivity and socioeconomic equity.

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Key Words: Intersectionality, Gender Inequality, Environmental Justice, Socioeconomic Factors, Climate Change, Sustainable Development

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This research paper explores Arun Joshi's The City and the River as a compelling political allegory that blends myth, parable, and philosophy to critique authoritarian power structures. Set against the backdrop of India's Emergency period (1974-75), the novel goes beyond its immediate historical setting to address universal themes of power, freedom, resistance, and moral responsibility. Through symbolic characters and a mythic narrative structure, Joshi reveals the workings of tyranny, the role of institutional complicity, and the ethical challenges faced by individuals under oppressive regimes. The paper examines the novel's political satire, the symbolism of the city and river, archetypal figures, and philosophical elements influenced by Indian thought and existentialism. It contends that although the novel depicts widespread destruction, it ultimately expresses hope for moral renewal and cyclical regeneration. By using parable as a literary form, Joshi not only critiques a specific political era but also provides a timeless meditation on human society and its ongoing struggles for justice and authenticity

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 Keywords

: Arun Joshi, political allegory, Indian Emergency, myth and parable, power and resistance

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Digital platforms have become central to India's economic transformation, reshaping commerce, finance, labour markets, and consumer engagement. While these platforms foster innovation, reduce transaction costs, and enhance market access, they also create risks of market concentration, anti-competitive conduct, data privacy concerns, data-driven consumer exploitation and consumer protection issues. This paper examines the evolution of digital platform regulation in India, analyses existing policy frameworks, evaluates their effectiveness, and proposes a balanced regulatory approach that fosters innovation while safeguarding competition and consumer welfare. It evaluates institutional mechanisms such as the Competition Commission of India and sector-specific regulations governing e-commerce and intermediaries. Drawing on economic theory and comparative regulatory models, the paper proposes a balanced, forward-looking regulatory framework that safeguards innovation while promoting competition and consumer welfare in India's digital century.

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Digital platforms, Competition policy, Consumer welfare, Data governance, regulatory framework

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Valli: The Voice of the Forest - An Ecological and Socio-Cultural tale of Sheela Tomy's narrative explores the multi-dimensional role throughout the novel. The forest of Wayanad emerges as a perceptive protagonist and as a living archive of memory, objection, and suffering. By examining the novel through the lens of ecocriticism and post-colonial history, this study investigates on how Tomy gives "voice" to a landscape that has been systematically silenced by colonial exploitation, migrant settlement, modern commercialization and deconstruction. Through Valli's experiences and perceptions, the story highlights the forest's role as a symbol of nature's wisdom, resilience, and the importance of preserving traditional knowledge. The article delves into themes of environmental harmony, cultural heritage, and the transformative power of nature by portraying Valli as a voice that bridges humans and natural worlds. The article focuses on the linguistic and symbolic weight of the title word, "Valli," which bridges the gap between the earth, the creeping vines of the jungle, the identity of the forest-woman, and the historical wages of the Adivasi laborers. The article further analyzes Tomy's use of multipart texture, incorporating letters, diaries, and lore to demonstrate how the forest's "voice" is deeply linked to the survival of the Paniyara and Adiya tribes.

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Adivasi identity, Deconstruction, ,Ecocriticism, Environmental Resistance, Forest, Indigenous Rights, Sheela Tomy, Valli.

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Examining the emotional intelligence of physicians working in both public and private institutions was the aim of the study. In order to complete this study, we divided the 160 doctors into two groups: 80 from private hospitals (40 men and 40 women) and 80 from public hospitals (40 men and 40 women). Information was gathered from various public and private hospitals. Compared to private physicians, public physicians have a higher mean score. But compared to women, male doctors had more emotional intelligence. Gender and hospital types did not interact to affect any of the variables or overall emotional intelligence

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Gender, Hospitals, Emotional Intelligence

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The objective of the study is to compare the research competency of teachers working in higher education institutions with reference to gender, qualification, experience, age, and stream. The investigator used a quantitative research design with the survey method to collect data. The sample consisted of 150 higher education teachers from the state of Odisha, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A self-developed 54-item rating scale was used to assess research competency across five components: Planning, Designing, Conducting Field Work, Data Analysis and Interpretation, and Reporting and Sharing Research Findings. The scale employed a three-point Likert format--high competency (HC = 3), moderate competency (MC = 2), and low competency (LC = 1). Content validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's Alpha = 0.83. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. The study revealed that research competency showed no significant difference with gender, but significant differences were found with respect to qualification, experience, age, and stream, with Ph.D. holders, teachers with 11-20 years of experience, those aged 41 and above, and Arts teachers demonstrating higher competency at the 0.05 level of significance. The educational implication is that authorities should provide opportunities for all teachers to participate in research methodology training, workshops, and professional development programs to enhance overall research competency in higher education.

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 Keywords

Research Competency, Higher Education Institutes, Higher Education Teachers, Research Competency Framework

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Occupational stress has emerged as a pervasive challenge in the teaching profession, affecting teachers' well-being, instructional quality, and institutional functioning. The present study investigated occupational stress among government school teachers and examined differences based on gender, teaching experience, locality, and academic stream. A sample of 150 teachers was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized Occupational Stress Index. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, and critical ratio tests. Results indicated significant differences in stress based on teaching experience, whereas gender, locality, and teaching stream showed no significant differences. These findings suggest that occupational stress among teachers is influenced more by professional exposure than demographic characteristics. The study highlights the need for institutional support mechanisms to reduce stress and improve teacher effectiveness.

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 Keywords

occupational stress, teachers, experience, educational psychology, school environment

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