Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Abstract: The exact governing equations of fluid dynamics are too computationally expensive to solve on a computer for practical applications. Hence, it is currently not possible to analytically describe the behavior of a turbulent flow -in particular its internal structures-, making turbulence one of the major remaining unsolved problems in Classical Physics. One solution to computationally predict the performance of engineering applications involving fluids is the formulation of alternative and computationally tractable equations. This work demonstrates the feasibility of modeling turbulence as a collection of interacting particles with intrinsic orientation. It also discusses current efforts regarding its accuracy and computational overhead in numerous turbulent flows. The goal of this thesis is to focus on numerical implementation as well as model evaluation and validation. The Oriented-Eddy Collision Model is tested for basic flow cases and incorporated inhomogeneity. The project is successful in demonstrating that with appropriate extensions, the model can be applied to a very wide variety of turbulent flows with high predictive accuracy.

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There are multiple applications of turbulent flows such as the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, weather prediction, channel flow, internal combustions engines, gas turbines, external flow over airplanes, submarines.

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Abstract-- This paper dealt with brief knowledge of optimal bidding in restructured power system. Participants in a competitive electricity market develop bidding strategies in order to maximize their own profits. On the other hand, it is necessary for regulators to investigate strategic bidding behavior in order to identify possible market power abuse and to limit such abuse by introducing appropriate market management rules

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Keywords-- Optimal Bidding, Electricity market, Energy Auction

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Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol. Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable oils. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with diesel. Biodiesel, a promising substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted shortness of conventional fuels and environmental concern. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. The production of biodiesel is limited by land area but jatropha trees can be cultivated in any kinds of land.Jatropha is a wildly growing hardy plant, in arid and semi-arid regions of the country on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture. It can be cultivated successfully in the regions of heavy rainfall even it can be cultivated even on fallow and barren lands. Jatropha vegetable oil is one ofthe main non edible sources available in India. In view of the above, a study was carried out with the following objectives:Production of Jatropha oil ethyl ester or Jatropha oil biodiesel by two step esterification process, Determination of characteristic fuel properties of different blends of Jatropha oil ethyl ester , Di ethyl ether and diesel BDE1,BDE2,BDE3 AND B100 AND DIESEL. And Performance evaluation of a CI engine on blended fuels. After the investigation the results we found that The density of B100used in the experiment was 7.69 % higher than the diesel .The viscosity of Jatropha biodiesel was about 35% higher than the diesel.The gross heat of combustion of raw neem oil is found to be 2.61% lower than the diesel.The performance evaluation of 4.4 kW diesel engine under the fuel consumption test on blends of Jatropha,DEE and diesel was found satisfactory on the basis of brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency.The engine was able to develop power similar to diesel on all the Jatropha- DEE- diesel blends.The brake thermal efficiency of the engine on BDE2 was found higher than diesel on lower load .The engine performance was the best on BDE2 as the brake thermal efficiency was found to be high at lower load and overall BTE of BDE3 was highest and BSFC was found to be second lowest on BDE2 blend as BSFC was lowest on BDE1

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Key words-Transesterification, biodiesel, blended fuels

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Abstract: A solar air heater is experimentally explored by many researchers to study the effect of operating and geometrical parameters on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. The accessibility of highly advanced computer hardware and progress in numerical methods, motivate the future researchers to carry out the simulations of solar air heater using various roughness geometries with different ranges of operating and geometrical parameters. CFD is emerging as a suitable and efficient tool to detect the optimum configuration of rib for its maximum thermo hydraulic performance before carrying out the actual experimentation. This article discusses the different approaches used to experimentally investigate the thermal performance of solar air heater. The computational approach i.e. CFD methodology is discussed using the reference of commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. The main objective of the article is to present a detailed review of the literature that deals with the application of CFD in the design of solar air heater. This paper presents a concise summary of each reviewed article in the form of, type of computational domain (2D/3D), turbulence model used, type of CFD commercial software used, range of operating and geometrical parameters and best results obtained from CFD. The article also tabulated the optimum values of relative roughness pitch (P/e) and relative roughness height (e/D) for maximum heat transfer enhancement in roughened solar air heater duct.

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Index Terms - CFD, ANSYS FLUENT, Artificial roughness, SAHs

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Abstract : This study has been undertaken to investigate Solar air heater that absorbs the incoming solar radiations and converts them to thermal energy. It has been observed that the efficiency of the flat plate solar air heater is low because of low convective heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate the air flowing over it. The most effective way to improve the performance of the solar air heater is to provide artificial roughness elements beneath the absorber plate .So,the investigators studied different artificial roughness of the different geometry and has made analysis using various parameters like Reynolds Number,rib height ,pitch height ,test section containing the geometry.And correspondingly studied the output of these parameters on Nusselt number and the friction factor. With the help of review we found that working numerically on different parameters with the help of CFD analysis that is working On ANSYS Fluent has made our work easier and we get better devices with maximum heat transfer rates using the geometry employed for eg geometry of W-shaped rib,V-shaped rib roughness. Results states that the thermal efficiency obtained in the different works by CFD simulation results were found to be in good agreement as compared with simple duct and with the standard theoretical approaches. It has been found that the Nusselt number increases from 2 to 4times in every cases. Moreover,thermo hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) is also evaluated for different geometry to predict the overall performance and also for selecting the best geometry for the range of parameter investigated.

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With the help of review we found that working numerically on different parameters with the help of CFD analysis that is working On ANSYS Fluent has made our work easier and we get better devices with maximum heat transfer rates using the geometry employed for eg geometry of W-shaped rib,V-shaped rib roughness

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Abstract: This entire work is deal with the analysis of pine needle gasifier performance on the bases of experimental results. It begins with an analysis of dry pine needle as an alternative fuel; e.g. its distribution, composition, caloric value etc., and as processes attractive place with the biomass gasification. To Experimental analysis of performance of pine gasifier by using dry pine needles used as a biomass in downdraft gasifier for power generation. In the present study on the effect of gasifier responses are ER and CV has been investigated for pine needle downdraft gasifier. The experiments were conducted under various parameters setting of Air flow rate (m3/h), initial moisture content, biomass consumption rate (kg/h). L-9 array based on Taguchi Design was performing intended by Minitab software is used for analysis the result and their responses were moderately validated experimentally.

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Keywords: Equivalent ratio (ER), Calorific Value (CV), pine needle, biomass, gasification, producer gas.

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Hydroxyapatite,additives,nanocomposite,bioactivity

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Abstract In the last decades, industrial automation has become a driving force in all production systems. Technologies and architectures have emerged alongside the growing organizational structures of production plants. Industrial automation plays an important role in industrial and manufacturing environment. Industrial automation means automatically control of industrial appliances which save money, time also reduce human efforts. Automation devices such as controllers and data systems and/or services. Systems and methods are provided that receive statements or other unit of data interaction from an automation device, provide the statements to an appropriate system or service for processing, and optionally return a response such as a result set. In this paper brief study about the automation, level of automation, Industrial automation and types of industrial automation etc.

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Key words: Automation, Levels of automation, CNC, CAM & FMS

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ABSTRACT A case studies have been reported Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach for supplier selection. In case study, usefulness of grey based MCDM approach method has been highlighted to solve multi-criteria decision making problem of supplier selection. The method has been found efficient to aggregate multiple attribute values into an equivalent single quality index (overall grey relation grade) which facilitates ranking/benchmarking as well as selection of the appropriate alternative supplier.

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 Keywords

Design competency Process capability

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