Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Contemporary e-commerce systems still have to struggle with issues of fake products, insufficient transparency of logistics and the inability to provide verifications of the authenticity of products on the level of consumers. The traditional supply chain systems are based on centralized databases, which can be manipulated, limited in the process of auditability, and cannot reliably provide end users with provenance information. The SmartTrace framework proposed presents a customer-centric and decentralized approach to solving the problem by incorporating the lifecycle tracking of products into the blockchain, the QR-enabled verification, and the AI-based narrative generation. Product events are safely stored in Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, which enable state transitions that are impossible to alter and are controlled by roles by different manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and consumers. IPFS is also used to store sensitive metadata of products, images and tracking summaries to ensure scalability and data integrity. On-chain events in the form of structured event streams are also converted into product journey narratives that can be read by humans by a generative AI component to make usable and transparent to non-technical users. QR scanning allows consumers to verify products by accessing blockchain-based provenance and AI-generated provenance to obtain timelines via a Web3 interface. The introduced prototype proves to be reliable in traceability, tamper-resistant history information and better supply chain visibility, defining an effective way in advancing trust, transparency, and anti-counterfeiting aspects in the contemporary e-commerce settings.

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 Keywords

Blockchain traceability, Supply chain transparency, QR verification, Generative AI, Smart contracts, IPFS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the transformation of Yeong-hye in Han Kang's The Vegetarian by reading her bodily withdrawal as a form of hyperreal mediation rather than as a purely psychological or pathological condition. Although earlier criticism has largely approached the novel through feminist or psychoanalytic frameworks, this paper places it within a broader conversation between literary analysis and media theory. Drawing on Jean Baudrillard's account of hyperreality and Laura Mulvey's theory of the male gaze, the analysis suggests that Yeong-hye's rejection of food and social norms gradually becomes a mediated spectacle. Her experience is shaped, in particular, by the brother-in-law's voyeuristic attention and his visual recording of her body, through which her lived presence is displaced by a reproducible image. Ecofeminist perspectives, especially those of Gaard and Plumwood, further clarify how this withdrawal can be read as a resistance to patriarchal forms of control that reduce the female body to an object of use and display. At the same time, the paper argues that Yeong-hye's final silence and physical refusal reveal the limits of hyperreal capture. Even within systems of intense mediation, her embodied resistance asserts a form of phenomenological autonomy, challenging the dominance of visual and digital representations over lived experience.

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hyperreality and simulacra, digital gaze, mediated body, male gaze, vegetal metamorphosis

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Abstract: o Introduction: According to Acharya Sushruta, Karnanada is one of the Karnagata Roga explained in Shalakya Tantra. Vata dominant Tridosha along with Rakta presents as the chief pathological factors in the case of Karnanada. Karnanada can be correlated with tinnitus. It is the condition in which there is a perception of sound that appears to originate in the head in the absence of external stimuli. o Main clinical finding: A 66-year-old male patient had been experiencing symptoms of ringing sound in his left ear for 7 days. o Diagnosis: In this case, a 66-year-old male patient approached OPD No.5 of D. Y. Patil Ayurvedic hospital, Shalakya tantra department, Navi Mumbai, experiencing following complaints as Ringing sound in left ear for 7 days. History of decreased hearing for 1 year. No any history of systemic disease. No abnormality present on local examination of external ear. o Interventions: Karnapurana with Bilwadi taila, Vidhhakarma and an Ayurvedic medication (sarivadi vati,Sukshma triphala, saraswatarishta) were used in this study for one months. o Discussion: Karnanada is a Madhyama marga gata Vatavyadhi in which prakupita vata dosha settles in Shabdavaha Shrotas as a result of Vimargagamana. Hence the drugs need to have vatahara properties in order to normalize vitiated vata dosha. Snehana is described as an important procedure in treatment of vata dosha. o Conclusion: Hence it can be said that Ayurvedic medicine and procedures can be useful in the management of Karnanada (tinnitus).

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o Keywords: Karnapurana, Bilwadi taila, Vidhhakarma, sarivadi vati, Sukshma triphala, saraswatarishta

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Gender inequality continues to be a major concern in India despite constitutional guarantees and various policy initiatives. Modern-day problems such as inequality in education, economic inequality, and violence against women are embedded in the history of India. This research explores the modern-day gender issues in India and their historical background. This research uses secondary sources such as literature, history, and policy documents to understand how the social, cultural, and institutional structures have influenced gender relations in different periods of history. This research highlights the significance of understanding the historical context of gender inequality to address modern-day issues and achieve gender justice in contemporary India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender inequality, Gender roles, Patriarchy, Historical roots

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Attendance management is a fundamental aspect of educational institutions for monitoring student performance and maintaining official records. Traditional manual methods, such as roll calls and paper registers, are increasingly viewed as inefficient due to significant time consumption and susceptibility to human error or proxy attendance. While various automated solutions like biometric scanners and QR codes have emerged, they often necessitate expensive hardware, consistent internet connectivity, and physical contact. To address these limitations, this research proposes an automated face recognition attendance system designed for both offline and online functionality. Utilizing a standard laptop camera, the system performs real-time face detection while incorporating anti-spoofing measures to prevent deception via photographs or digital screens. Data is stored locally to ensure operational continuity in areas with poor network coverage and is synchronized with the cloud once a connection is established. Furthermore, the integration of a GSM gateway allows the system to send automated SMS notifications to parents regarding student absences without relying on the internet. This approach provides a secure, cost-effective, and hygienic solution for attendance tracking in diverse environments.

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Attendance management, real-time face recognition, GSM gateway, SMS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract This study explored nursing faculty perspectives on the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in student assessments at a regional university. A qualitative descriptive design was used, with interviews conducted among twelve faculty members who had recently graded student assessments. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings identified mixed views toward GenAI, highlighting both benefits and concerns. While GenAI was seen as supporting language use and accessibility, participants reported challenges including increased workload, reduced originality, weakened critical thinking, and threats to academic integrity. Faculty also expressed uncertainty about detecting GenAI use and emphasized the need for clearer policies and guidance. The study concludes that GenAI presents both opportunities and risks in nursing education. Effective regulation, faculty support, and student education on ethical and critical use of GenAI are essential to maintain assessment quality and ensure patient safety.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Generative artificial intelligence, Nursing education, Student assessment, Academic integrity, Faculty perceptions, Ethics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In digital image restoration, one of the key tasks is the removal of Salt & Pepper noise. While traditional filters are commonly used, they often fail to preserve image sharpness under high-density noise conditions. This research presents a comparative analysis of an Adaptive Nonlinear Hybrid Filter and conventional filters, such as Median, Adaptive Median, and Mean filters. To evaluate performance, multiple experiments were conducted on color images with varying levels of Salt & Pepper noise. Quantitative assessment using PSNR, MSE, and SSIM metrics demonstrates that the proposed hybrid filter achieves improved accuracy in noise elimination while effectively preserving edges. These observations indicate that the Adaptive Nonlinear Hybrid Filter is more efficient and robust compared to traditional filtering approaches for restoring digital color images.

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Salt and Pepper Noise, Image Restoration, Median and Adaptive Median Filters, Nonlinear Hybrid Filter, Edge Preservation,Image Quality Metrics (PSNR, MSE, SSIM).

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The marketing mix plays a crucial role in shaping a brand's market position and customer perception in a competitive industry. This study examines the marketing mix (4Ps) of Starbucks Corporation with special emphasis on its product and promotion strategies. The research aims to understand consumer awareness, product preferences, and satisfaction levels related to Starbucks' offerings. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 105 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis and chi-square test were used as statistical tools for data analysis. The findings reveal that most consumers are aware of Starbucks' product quality and show a strong preference for hot beverages. Overall satisfaction with product quality is high, and a significant relationship exists between gender and satisfaction levels. The study highlights that Starbucks' focus on quality, customization, and innovation contributes significantly to its brand strength. The research concludes that continuous innovation, effective promotional strategies, and ethical business practices are essential for sustaining competitive advantage in the global coffee market.

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: Marketing Mix, Product Strategy, Promotion Strategy, Consumer Awareness, Brand Positioning, Competitive Advantage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The demographic transition in India has reached a critical juncture, with the elderly population projected to comprise nearly 12.4% of the total population by 2026. This rapid graying, coupled with the erosion of traditional joint family structures, has rendered a significant portion of the "silver population" vulnerable to neglect, financial exploitation, and physical abuse. This study examines the socio-legal dimensions of elderly protection in India, analyzing the effectiveness of existing legislative frameworks, primarily the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (MWPSC) Act, 2007, and its proposed amendments in 2025. By evaluating the regulatory response through a socio-legal lens, this research highlights the persistent gap between statutory intent and infrastructural reality, advocating for a shift from a reactive, litigation-based system to a proactive, "Shared Responsibility Model" that guarantees the Right to Age with Dignity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Demographic transition; Rapid graying; Joint family structures;Silver population; Vulnerable

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition