Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Butterflies are indicators to climate change and environmental degradation. They are important food chain components of birds, reptiles, spiders and predatory insects. They are valuable pollinators in the local environment and help in pollinating more than 50 economically important crops. This paper deals with made to document the diversity of butterflies in botanical garden of Shankarrao Mohite Mahavidyalay akluj, Solapur district, Maharashtra, India. A total 14 species of butterflies were recorded during the study period.during study 6 species were recorded from super family Papilionoidea. Family Nymphalidae dominated the list with 4 species from family Pieridae 4 species were recorded. The present study will encourage the conservation of butterfly species in an area.

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 Keywords

diversity,butterfly, shankarrao mohite mahavidyalay akluj, good indicator

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A microstrip patch antenna for satellite communication is proposed in the paper. This paper designed and simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna measuring 25mm x 30mm x 1.6mm. The antenna has a frequency bandwidth of 0.1806 GHz (4.2831 GHz-4.4637 GHz) centered at 4.3 GHz with a return loss of -19.7936 dB. The proposed rectangular patch antenna has been devised using a glass epoxy substrate (FR4) with a dielectric constant (?r = 4.4). The basic theory and design of the antenna are analyzed, simulated, and optimized using HFSS. The results explain that the antenna has characteristics for 4.3 GHz satellite communication. This rectangular patch is excited using transmission lines of length and width. Performance parameters of the antenna, such as gain, S parameters: voltage standing wave ratio, system gain, radiation efficiency, directivity, polarization ratio, S parameter chart, VSWR chart, S parameter table, and VSWR table of the designed rectangular antenna.

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 Keywords

ANSYS HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator), FSS (Fixed Satellite Service), MSS (Mobile Satellite Service), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), RPA (Rectangular Patch Antenna), RF (Radio Frequency), rE (Radiation Efficiency), S-Parameters (Scattering Parameters).

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Abstract: This research article delves into the examination of narrative techniques within the novels of Charles Dickens, conducting a comparative analysis to unveil the distinctive features that characterize his storytelling. The objective is to dissect the evolution of Dickens' narrative style across a selection of his iconic works. The exploration encompasses the rich historical and literary context of the Victorian era, providing insights into the societal influences shaping Dickens' narratives. The study scrutinizes key elements such as characterization, plot structure, setting, and atmosphere, aiming to unravel how Dickens intricately weaves together these components to create engaging and memorable stories. Additionally, the research scrutinizes Dickens' adept use of social commentary, highlighting how his novels serve as platforms for critique on prevalent issues of poverty, class disparity, and institutional flaws. The analysis extends to the examination of narrative voice, point of view, symbolism, and imagery, elucidating how these choices contribute to the overall impact of Dickens' storytelling. Overall, this article contributes to a nuanced understanding and appreciation of Charles Dickens' literary legacy.

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Keywords: Charles Dickens, Victorian literature, narrative techniques, characterization, symbolism etc.

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Image stitching is a fundamental computer vision task that involves combining multiple overlapping images into a seamless panorama. This paper presents an innovative approach that integrates ma chine learning techniques with the speeded up robust features (SURF) algorithm to achieve robust and accurate image stitching. SURF is employed for key point detection and feature matching, while machine learning models enhance the process by improving key point selection, outlier rejection, and fine-tuning image alignment. The combination of SIFT and machine learning yields superior results, making it an efficient solution for creating high-quality panoramic images and enhancing the robustness of image stitching in various applications, such as augmented reality and satellite imagery processing.

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Index : Image processing , Feature detection , Warping estimation

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Baluchari is a magnetic silk saree of Bishnupur in Bankura district. Our study based on weavers socio-economic condition of baluchari saree. I am trying to explore problems behind of weaving industry in Bishnupur. Now a days no of weavers are declining. Because of many new industry are exploring. Technological development is very important for industry. But Baluchari saree industry does not involvement of Technological development.

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Patronized, Terracotta Brick, Receptively, Baluchari

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Due to the delicate ecosystem and the sensitive Himalayas, the impacts of climate change are significantly more noticeable in Himachal Pradesh. The Himachal range is therefore a good proxy for climate change. The three primary industries - forestry, horticulture and agriculture are the backbone of the state as they have a direct or indirect impact on the national economy. Scientists and researchers are trying to identify the causes and variables behind the shift in these industries. Research from various industries has shown that large and sudden changes, including shifts in snowline, timberline, apple belt and cooler variations, among others, have a direct impact on apple quantity and quality. Numerous data from these researches indicate that the climate of the state of Himachal Pradesh is changing. However, there is a serious lack of observational data on the effects of climate change on ecosystems and biodiversity in the Himalayan region, which includes the Himachal Himalaya. However, using previously available data, the database needs to be strengthened and holes filled. The more reliable the outcomes, causes and patterns of climate change, the more climate data related to different sectors are available, which can help in future model predictions in the state.

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Climate Change, Ecosystem, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and Productivity.

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Inclusive practices and inclusive strategies for creating an inclusive education i.e inclusive education in home, school and community environment is very important issue at present time. Regardless of their socioeconomic, emotional, or religious background, beliefs, or level of learning, inclusive teachers make sure that every student may engage completely in the learning process. Inclusive education is making sure that every kid has equal access to learning and equal opportunity to succeed, regardless of their unique needs or learning difficulties .School classroom environment and systems requires to change for true inclusive community education. But much of this reform is design focused, and not resource intensive. In inclusive education it is emphasized that all learners are together in normal classrooms with out any barriers with normal learners . The objectives of the study are overview idea about inclusive community education, various practices for inclusive community education, different strategies for inclusive community education. This study is descriptive in nature. For this study a qualitative approach is used as methodology. In this paper we find overall inclusive community education, different important elements and dimensions of inclusive practices education. From this study we also find out that there are many challenges for implementing inclusive education. We also find out various practices and strategies for inclusive community education. At present time inclusive environment in home, school, and community is very much needed. Inclusive community is very helpful for all pupils with any socio emotional, socio economic and socio cultural backgrounds. For suggestions we can say that raising awareness ,providing training to teachers and providing schools resources are required for moving towards more inclusive community education. Govt. policies are also required and also ensure proper implementation of it. Teachers need to be persuaded that inclusion is beneficial to all pupils.

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inclusive community, equity, inclusive practices, inclusive strategies, inclusive education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ciphertext generation is a process of transforming legible text into illegible text. In this scenario, we develop new techniques, i.e. splitting and merging the plaintext and using various kinds of mathematical operation on the plaintext for generating the cipher text. In this paper, we generate decimal (ASCII) equivalent for the given plaintext, then split the decimal into two parts by performing one of the simplest mathematical operation i.e. divisional operation on derived decimals. After splitting the decimal into two parts, then store them into two different matrices: one is act as Key and another is act as source to generate Cipher text. To generate the cipher text, we may implement simple character generation as cipher or performing XOR operation on the text that is depending on the text which we given as input plaintext. Performing the relevant operation as reverse by merging the two matrix decimals and finding the character equivalent for getting Plaintext from the given Cipher text.

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Plaintext, Split Decimals, Merge Decimals, Like Elements, Unlike Elements, XOR, Cipher text

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The creation of an efficient delivery method for ophthalmic medications is hampered by the physiology, living structure, and natural chemistry of the eye. Conventional formulations lead to low bioavailability and insufficient pre-corneal residence time. Sustained-release in-situ gels are one novel drug delivery technique that addresses these problems. They prolong the time that the drug remains in the mucosa, decrease ocular haze, and delay the release of the drug. Furthermore, in-situ gels reduce the frequency and quantity of pharmaceutical delivery, prevent drug accumulation and side effects, and give precise and repeatable dosages. It also provides in situ gelling nano emulsions, liposomes, nanospheres, and microspheres. This review focused on definitions, types, advantages, disadvantages, polymers used and suitable characteristics of polymers, preparation of in situ gels and approaches of in situ gels

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: In-situ gel, sustained release, bioavailability, polymer, approaches of in situ gel

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The New Education Policy (NEP) was announced by the Government of India in 2020 and was a friendly step among all sections of the society. We can see a major change in the education policy after 1986. That is why everyone considered the decision of the government as a optimistic and a peaceful step, which only indicates a big change in the field of education, but also considered appropriate to accept the challenges of the present education system spread all over the world. The improvement in the education system has not happened suddenly, but is being prepared for a long time. This study undertakes a summary of NEP and analyses how they affect the present education system in the broader perspectives of the global scenario. High-caliber higher education should aim at developing considerate and well versatile individuals. It also helps them to study one or more specific areas thoroughly and develop moral character as well as fundamental principles, rational mindset, intellectual curiosity and creativity. The NEP was introduced with the aim of standardizing the changes within the system from elementary level to university level. Considering the developing situation, the content of education would focus on the new ideas, problem solving angles and the applications. The NEP is also expected to show a long lasting and a positive impact on higher education structure in the country. It is being said that the foreign universities would be allowed to open their campuses in the country which is considered to be an admirable initiative by the government. The entire concept of empowering and autonomy for innovating is one of the features of NEP 2020, that supports the discontinuing strategies from Affiliated Institutions to Autonomous Institutions. The announcement for setting up of the interdisciplinary educational and research universities in India is giving better hope. Such institutions would be in sync with the current IIM's and IIT's and would aim at showcasing interdisciplinary education for students in India. Another change recommended by NEP 2020, is that the National Testing Agency would serve as the expert, premier and autonomous testing institutions for conducting entrance exams for the graduate and undergraduate courses and fellow programs in the higher education institutional groups. The superior grade just as adaptability of NTA test administration would help the colleges in utilizing the normal placement tests instead of many organizations devising their placement tests. The NEP 2020 also allows the foreign colleges and universities in coming to India and bringing out the challenge for other institutions for improving the quality of the education system offered by them. The main objective of this research paper is to analyse and highlight the impact of NEP 2020 on higher education in India, focusing on how it facilitates worldwide competitiveness for students through reforms and initiatives. This research paper will give the readers an understanding about NEP 2020 challenges traditional educational paradigms by introducing interdisciplinary approaches and flexibility in curriculum. It also gives readers an insight into how the changes introduced by NEP 2020 lay the foundation for a dynamic and a forward looking education system.

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 Keywords

NEP 2020,Higher Education, Higher Education Council of India(HECI)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition