Volume 9 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Data comparators are key arithmetic units used in digital systems to know whether two numbers are equal, or one number is less than or greater than other number. In this work a novel Area and power efficient multiplexer based Data comparator is proposed. The proposed method uses multiplexer to implement borrow equation in a full subtractor .which acts as a elementary processing element of a Data Comparator. The proposed designs are implemented in Dsch tool for gate level designs of AND gate ,OR gate, Multiplexer, Barrow generation unit and high and low value output units and verilog file is generated . Microwind tool is used to get layouts for different Models of Mosfet and different technologies. The moderations in the existing borrow equation of a full subtractor using multiplexer only resulted in reduced number of transistors with lower power. It was found that a 8 bit data comparator will require only 110 transistors and dissipates 17.25uw of power for 90nm technology

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 Keywords

Data comparators are key arithmetic units used in digital systems to know whether two numbers are equal, or one number is less than or greater than other number. In this work a novel Area and power efficient multiplexer based Data comparator is proposed. The proposed method uses multiplexer to implement borrow equation in a full subtractor .which acts as a elementary processing element of a Data Comparator. The proposed designs are implemented in Dsch tool for gate level designs of AND gate ,OR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Due to COVID 19 pandemic, many projects in the construction sector around the globe were affected adversely in various aspects. Many were stopped and many were put on hold. This research was to understand the intensity of impact of the pandemic on construction cost and to seek out methods on how these profound challenges can be managed? The objectives of this research were (i) Studying the impact over construction sector and intensity of impact over cost and (ii) Identify ways to achieve cost control in the projects during such pandemic situation. The methodology applied for this research includes (i) Literature review to comprehend and assess historic data and to understand the ideas regarding optimization of workspace in built environment, better ways to communicate and resolve problems, etc. (ii) Data collection by questionnaire survey to understand the impact in India. The targeted participants were people connected to construction industry i.e., Clients, Contractor, Consultant, and other Professionals from Built Environment sector. (iii) Case Study - to validate the responses received from survey, comparison was done with actual data collected from the case study of an ongoing project. The data collected by questionnaire survey were critically analyzed, which revealed cost impact on the construction projects. And it also shows, the changes that are about to, or need to happen in construction sector which will develop/improve the usual practices, to achieve cost effective, cost efficient and optimized working conditions. The results received from survey responses were validated using actual data collected from a case study of an ongoing project. The outbreak did not affect the construction industry severely but it experienced delays and rising cost. Due to current pandemic situation, the areas in a construction industry which got impacted the more were cash flow, work force and project schedule. The level of impact on the Manpower was the strongest and by survey and case study it`s been found the cost-impact due to increase in cost of Labour was about 20-50% due to the social distancing and social panic, availability of labors was scarce. The results will assist us to be ready to face such situation or crisis in future.

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 Keywords

Cost Impact, Cost Control, Construction Project, Cost Impact Analysis, COVID-19, Pandemic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Gold investment options, women gold investors, preference, awareness level and satisfaction level.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Financial assistance through banking CSPs, have proved to be a boon for the economic development of rural population in India. An attempt has been made in the present chapter to analyze the state of financial assistance and the role of banking CSPs in achieving full financial assistance in rural India. The journey of financial inclusion through banking CSPs in India has been critically appraised. Some of the important outcomes that can be highlighted are increased banking access of rural population in past few years together with the huge expansion in banking infrastructure through banking CSPs in rural areas. The Government of India has been transformed the financial assistance with the banking CSPs in COVID-19 Period. On Decreasing trends of COVID-19 in India, still a challenge in the way of financial assistance. The journey of financial assistance on the wheels of banking CSPs is still in search of the ultimate destination, and it will take miles to achieve full financial assistance.

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The paper is based on field survey .The field visits were undertaken in the villages of Dhanbad district in Jharkhand.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Breastfeeding, Complementary feeding, Colostrum, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Pre-lacteal Feed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Covid 19, Digital/Electronic Payment System, Practice/Usage, Recognition level

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BACKGROUND: Physically handicapped children are facing the problems like maternal deprivation, lack of interest to do the activities, lack of personality, depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, lack of education and lack of tender loving care. Writing therapy can lead to a reduction in stress, anxiety, better sleep, a strong system, improved relationships, better academic results, improved performance at work and even a better memory. MATERIAL & METHODS: A Pre experimental study was conducted to evaluate the Effectiveness of Writing therapy on anxiety among 30 differently abled adolescents by using purposive sampling technique. Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale (1997) was used to assess the level of anxiety and writing therapy was implemented in the form of dig wide-dig deep exercise, expressive writing and answering to writing the prompt questions, daily with the duration of 30-40 minutes per group for 15 sessions. RESULTS: During pretest, among 30 samples 90% had marked to severe level of anxiety and 10% had mild to moderate level anxiety. In posttest 63.33% samples had mild to moderate anxiety whereas 20% had normal range and least percentage (16.67%) of the samples had marked to severe level of anxiety. The paired t-test value (t=14.5) showed highly significant at p ? 0.01. It indicates that writing therapy was effective in reducing the level of anxiety among differently abled adolescents. CONCLUSION: Writing therapy could potentially be a cheap and easily accessible option to improve both physical and psychological health among various populations that would require minimal input from health care professionals.

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 Keywords

Writing Therapy, Anxiety, Adolescents

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Liposome are microscopic spherical vesicles together of one or more outer shell consisting of lipid arranged in bilayers configuration .which are under extensive investigation as drug carrier for improving the delivery of bioactive agent and many different compound in biological ,pharmaceutical, medical and nutritional research .it also utilized in a broad range of pharmaceutical application .liposome were first describe in 1965 and initially as model for studying the biological membrane as drug carrier for several drug to reduce side effect or to deliver the drug at the site of action. Liposome are considered as superior carriers having ability to encapsulated hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect from the degradation. topical liposome formulation might be simpler and fewer toxic than conventional formulation, as a prolonged and controlled drug release. topical dosage form, which may be lead to improved efficiency and better patient compliance. But they have less half-life and poor solubility. The amount of phospholipid and cholesterol, are taken and formulated by using different method like thin film hydration method, sonication method, reverse phase evaporation method, ethanol injection method etc. the liposome formulation characterized by their vesicles size, shape, pH, solubility studies, % of encapsulation efficiency, % of drug content, stability studies, zeta potential, rheology study, in vitro drug release study of liposome formulation.

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 Keywords

Liposome, Topical Liposome Formulation, Pharmaceutical Application, Stability Studies, In Vitro Drug Release.

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In the last few years, the death rate in men and women increased due to lung cancer. Thus, early detection of lung cancer increases the chances of survival of patients. In this paper, we have designed a method by hybrid the support vector machine and firefly algorithm to detect and classify lung cancer. The proposed method contains three steps, namely, pre-processing, appropriate parameter value selection, and classification. We have used the median filter in the pre-processing step to remove noise. After that, the SVM algorithm is applied to detect and classify lung cancer. In the last, the firefly algorithm is used to select appropriate parameter value selection for the SVM algorithm to enhance accuracy. The experimental results were performed on the standard dataset. The performance analysis of the proposed method was done using various parameters. The results show that the proposed method is superior as compared to the existing methods such as SVM, KNN, RF, and GNB.

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Firefly Algorithm, Lung Cancer, Median Filter, Support Vector Machine.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

System Quality, Information Quality, Service Quality, User Satisfaction And Net Benefit

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition