Volume 7 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Mathematical sciences developed well in the Asian countries mainly in India, China & Arabian Peninsula during the period from 4th century to 12th century AD. Within this period, a galaxy of mathematicians & astronomers flourished in India who left their indelible mark on the history of Mathematical world. The most celebrated among them was Brahmagupta (598-669AD). His Sanskrit text Brahmasphuta-Siddhanta (628AD) greatly influenced the development of Mathematics and Astronomy not only in India but in the whole world. Brahmasphuta Siddhanta was translated into Arabic in 771AD by Arabian scholar AL-FAZARI under the title SINDHIND-AL-KABIR (the great Siddhanta) by the order of Bagdad Caliph Al-Mansur. This translation of Brahmagupta�s text opened the doors of study & development of Mathematics & Astronomy in Arabian regions and then transmitted to western world. In Brahmasphuta-Siddhanta, Brahmagupta gave some results which are considered unitue throughout the world. He gave formulae for sum to n- terms in A.P. Areas of prism, Cones, Pyramids, Cyclic quadrilateral etc. He also gave rules for operating with zero and infinity. His method of solving linear-indeterminate-equations is almost similar to the present day method. Brahmagupta�s method of interpolation of sines of intermediate angles is equivalent to the Newton-Stirling Formula upto second order differences. In the present paper, we have made efforts to high-light some salient features of the great Sanskrit text of Brahmagupta and have tried to prove that methods & formulae given by Brahmagupta in 628AD are, to some extent, similar and equivalent to the modern & formulae and are useful even today.

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 Keywords

Life of Brahmagupta, Indeterminate Equation, Quadratic Indeterminate Equation,Brahmgupta Theorem,Cyclic Quadrilateral Equation

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Post modernism in Indian English Literature Refers to the works of literature after 1980. If Raja Rao�s Kanthapura (1938) Marks Modernism, Salman Rushdie�s Midnight Children (1981) And Nissim Ezekiel�s Latter-Day Psalms (1982). Chetan Bhagat is an icon of new India and he has an enduring name in the ground of postmodern fiction. He has opened the floodgates for a new movement of Postmodernism in Indian Writing in English. His name doesn�t grace any awards list, but he is familiar to every college student in India. While the global literary dwell on the fiction of India�s past, Chetan Bhagat has become India�s well known writer by embracing the present. He manages to retain his sense of humor even though the topics that is actually harsh realities of life. His writing has revolutionized and mirrored the postmodern literature. According to him, the purpose of literature is to showcase the society. This paper show cases and justifies how Chetan Bhagat is considered to be the postmodernist writer which is clearly documented by his own works.

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Reader involvement, reader response, contemporary elements, real life situations and Post Modernism.

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Bharat Me Bal Apradh : Karan Avm Niwaran

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Bharat Me Bal Apradh : Karan Avm Niwaran

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This article discusses the subject of diplomats that is draws from the French word "diplomate," which refers to an individual whose role is to communicate on behalf of the country. Diplomats have both domestic and international status. The early history of the Middle Eastern area, the Mediterranean region, India and China has been known to have diplomatic negotiation. The principle of diplomatic status is considered to be the foundation of foreign law, as well as the customary laws of sovereign immunity are as ancient as diplomacy itself. This illustrates the foreign law, which is not inherently separate from domestic law. Human rights should be protected first and foremost by avoiding their abuses, punishing the violators adequately and ensuring a suitable solution. It is also important, as important as grappling with infringements, to recognize systemic barriers to justice. Since diplomatic immunity covers accredited entities from domestic authority, the expected implementation of the oppressive legal order is essentially interfered with. This essay describes the tension concerning human rights as well as diplomatic immunity through qualitative study.

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Diplomatic immunity, foreign laws, Domestic authority, Human rights, Sovereign rights violation, Barriers to justice

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The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of external debt on the exchange rate in India from the period of 1991 to 2019. To find out the relationship between the variables the ARDL model is employed. Other than the external debt the study used economic growth and fiscal deficit as a control variable. The findings of the study show that external debt and economic growth have positive and negative significant effects on the exchange rate respectively. While the fiscal deficit has a positive insignificant impact on the exchange rate in India. The main recommendation goes to the Indian government, it should adopt a budgetary policy, in such a way to reorient its debt towards economic sectors that can boost economic growth and reinforce the strategies that contribute to re-equilibrate industrial activities.

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Exchange Rate, External Debt, Co-integration

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The term elemental analysis is typically defined as the determination of the amount of an element in given sample. Elemental analysis determining what element are present and determining how much each are present. The elemental analysis of Thiopicolinanilide (TPA) and its lead (II) complex carried out by an electrobalance Stanton Red Craft (TG) Balance Model with a reader, operating 1.0mv full scale for obtaining thermograms i.e. temperature vs. loss in weight curves.

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Elemental Analysis, Thermograms, Lead (II) Complex, Thiopicolinanilide (TPA)

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At present, to deal with the economic slowdown in the country the Central Government has decided to strategically disinvest in public sector undertakings (PSUs) It is worth mentioning that in the first phase of strategic disinvestment five public sector undertakings Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) Tehri Hydro Development Corporation India Limited (THDCIL) and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited by the government in the first phase of strategic disinvestment Parts of (NEEPCO) will be sold. Giving information about the governments decision Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitharaman said that the government has decided that it will reduce its stake in many PSUs to below 51 percent.Analysts are assuming that this decision of the government will significantly increase the treasury which will be used by the government as public expenditure. The article presented discusses the governments recent decisions related to disinvestment in PSUs its necessity its consequences, challenges arising and measures to make the performances effective

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public sector undertakings disinvestment Indian economy

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The student movement in Japan started as zengukaren which are raise against the undemocratic environment in campus the increase in fees and Japans government policy (US Japan security treaty in 1960) and national and international issues Later this movement turned in to SEALDs in 2013 which played a major role in the politics of Japan This student movement prominently raised various issues of Japan such as anti-nuclear movement nuclear energy US presence in Okinawa gender equality environment etc

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Student movement student politics student activism Japan Zengakuren ANPO SEALDS

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