Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The Kebang institution of the Adi tribe in Arunachal Pradesh represents one of the most enduring forms of indigenous governance in Northeast India. Rooted in oral tradition, clan-based deliberation, and ecological ethics, the Kebang functions as a customary assembly regulating social order, dispute resolution, land management, and ritual practice. This study examines the historical evolution, structural organization, and contemporary functioning of the Kebang within the broader framework of legal pluralism and indigenous jurisprudence. Employing a qualitative research design grounded in historical-institutional analysis and recent regional scholarship, the paper situates the Kebang within theoretical debates on restorative justice, oral jurisprudence, and decentralized governance. The findings demonstrate that the Kebang operates not as a residual cultural relic but as a dynamic and adaptive normative order coexisting alongside statutory legal institutions. Its restorative orientation, consensus-based decision-making, and integration of law with ritual and ecological responsibility challenge dominant state-centric models of governance. At the same time, processes of modernization, constitutional discourse, and socio-political transformation introduce new questions regarding gender inclusion, jurisdictional coordination, and institutional reform. The study argues that recognizing indigenous institutions such as the Kebang is essential for understanding India's plural legal landscape and for developing culturally responsive governance frameworks in frontier regions.

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 Keywords

Adi tribe, Kebang, customary law, indigenous governance, oral tradition, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

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Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) has evolved anesthetic practice, providing greater precision, efficacy, and safety compared to traditional landmark-based and nerve-stimulator techniques or methods. Compared to conventional landmark-based and nerve-stimulator techniques or approaches, ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) offers increased precision, efficacy, and safety, revolutionizing the practice of anesthesia. It providing real-time vision of nerves, needle placement, and local anesthetic dissemination, ultrasound plays a critical role in regional anesthesia, improving accuracy, safety, and efficacy. It seeing the surrounding structures, this technology helps guide the needle to the target nerve, prevents problems, and enables accurate local anesthetic application for a more successful block. It offering real-time visualization and guidance, ultrasonography significantly improves accuracy, safety, and efficacy in regional anesthesia

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ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia UGRA, nerve blocks NB, perioperative care PC, clinical outcomes CO

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Pectin is a polysaccharide, separated from citric and non-citric fruits. It is composed that the plants cell wall which is present in the organised 3 layers. The structural areas known as homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) domains. The various methods can efficiently extract pectin, with their effectiveness largely influenced by the mass transfer properties of the solvents used. Pectinase is an important enzyme widely used for formulating new products in various industries such as food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic. Pectin contributes numerous health benefits such as digestive health, supports the regulation of blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and promotes overall well being. It also acts as a prebiotic by being fermented by beneficial gut microbiota, producing health-promoting metabolites. Its consumption has been associated with reduced inflammation, allergy prevention, and supportive roles in cancer therapy. This study highlights the structure of pectin, extraction methods, application in food products and health benefits.

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Extraction, Pectin, Structure, Health

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Worm infestation remains a significant public health problem among children, especially in developing countries like India. Poor sanitation, inadequate hygiene, malnutrition, and overcrowding contribute to its high prevalence. Intestinal helminths interfere with nutritional status, growth, cognition, and immunity in children. This article reviews the definition, etiology, types, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and homoeopathic management of worm infestation in children. Homoeopathy offers individualized, holistic treatment focusing on constitutional and symptomatic indications.

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Worm infestation, Helminths, Paediatrics, Homoeopathy, Intestinal parasites.

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The Modified Inverse Exponentiated Exponential Poisson distribution, a novel and flexible probability distribution, is used in this article to analyze the air quality in Kathmandu. A real data set was used to evaluate the model's suitability for the air quality data of Kathmandu, Nepal, from 2022 to 2026. To investigate the actual ground-level air quality conditions, we performed the data analysis for particulate matter 2.5 (P2.5). This distribution is constructed by adding an additional shape parameter to the Inverse Exponentiated Exponential Poisson distribution. A number of statistical features of the proposed model are derived and analyzed. Additionally, we have examined the estimation of parameters, model validation, and model comparisons of the proposed model with existing models for P2.5 at Ratnapark station, Kathmandu. The model's parameters are estimated using Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE), and the graphical validation of the model is checked by plotting the P-P and Q-Q charts. The models' suitability is compared using the Anderson-Darling (An) test, Cramer-Von Mises (CVM) test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, along with their corresponding p-values, to demonstrate the better fitting of the proposed model. The ARIMA model is used to analyze time series data on PM2.5 air pollution from 2022 to 2026. We also found that the basic exponential smoothing strategy provides a decent forecast model for PM2.5 data from 2022 to 2026.

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Hazard rate function, exponential distribution, and inversely exponentiated exponential Poisson distribution

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Mathematics is not solely about numbers and formulas; it is also deeply intertwined with language. This essay explores the significant impact of language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing on learning mathematics. Language serves as the foundation for understanding mathematical concepts, solving problems, reasoning logically, and communicating effectively. Strong language skills enhance a student's ability to interpret mathematical language, articulate solutions, and develop critical thinking. Conversely, students with limited language proficiency may struggle with understanding word problems, following multi-step instructions, or expressing mathematical reasoning. The essay emphasizes the importance of integrating language development into math instruction through strategies such as vocabulary enrichment, summarizing content, and collaborative learning. These methods support not only comprehension but also the application of mathematical knowledge in real-life contexts. The essay also discusses the educational implications, advocating for explicit language instruction in math classrooms, especially for students facing language or learning barriers. Future research is encouraged to identify effective strategies and examine their impact across diverse student populations. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between language and math learning can inform teaching practices and ultimately improve educational outcomes.

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Language skills, mathematics learning, mathematical communication, problem-solving, mathematical reasoning, academic success, education strategies.

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Abstract: Culturally responsive teaching (CRT) is an instructional model that exhibits a value on the conscious integration of cultural, linguistic, social backgrounds of learners within classroom practice, which in turn improves engagement, motivation and learning. In India, where plurality of languages in the classroom, different social structures, and disparate cultural orientation are the order of the day, CRT provides a very necessary pedagogical tool to gain equity and meaningful learning. The current paper presents an extensive conceptual review of the CRT in the Indian context including the strategies, challenges, and opportunities to enhance student engagement. Using current literature, policy frameworks, and examples of schools in India, the paper outlines the practical strategies that can be used by teachers to bring about smooth integration of cultural knowledge of students into the teaching and learning processes. Participatory, multilingual strategies, and community-related learning are some of the methods cited in the review as essential methods of promoting engagement. Limiting factors like lack of teacher training, prescriptive curriculum, lack of resources and socio cultural barriers are discussed. In addition, the paper explores the opportunities provided by National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India, professional growth, and the use of technology to support CRT implementation. The results highlight the need to integrate the culturally responsive pedagogy in a systematic manner into the teacher training, curriculum development, and policy provisions. The work contributes to the discussion of CRT in India and presents practical suggestions that educators, administrators, and policymakers should accept to foster an inclusive and engaging learning process in different Indian classrooms.

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Culturally responsive pedagogy, Student engagement, Multilingual education and Inclusive teaching

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Sign language, Arduino, ASL, Sound Glove, Dumb, Gesture recognition, Deaf, Flex.

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Post office Saving schemes are a collection of small savings schemes offered by the Indian Government through its Post offices. These schemes provide various investment options with different tenures and interest rates. This paper concentrates on consumer preference on popular post office schemes like savings account, Recurring Deposit account (RD), Time deposit account (TD), and Sukanya Samrddhiyojana (SSY). Convenience sampling method was used to select hundred respondents living in the Thrissur District in Kerala. The findings indicates that most of the respondents aware about post office saving account scheme and prefer that for their savings. And the factors like safety of investment and attractive return encourage people to invest in post office. Some suggestions like launch media campaigns, conduct work shop, and encourage postmen to act as financial literacy agent and provide online system for improving overall performance of post office relates these saving schemes.

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Saving account, Recurring deposit, Time deposit and Sukanya samriddhi yojana.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition