Volume 11 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The pathetic feeling owing to a large number of students failing in English at two Bihar Board examinations is a cause of great concern. Although the situation is changing gradually because of emerging consciousness across the state for better learning and quality education the outcome still is far behind the expectation. The academic solution may rest in understanding and analyzing approaches, methods of dissemination and teaching. The article, an outcome of deep research and empirical observation, centres around the concern of the state which replicates the methods and issues of multilingual learning amid different cultural and social contexts.

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 Keywords

Learning of English, approaches of learning, bilingual and multilingual learning, cultural and social contexts

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's higher education system is the world's third largest in terms of students, next to China and the United States. In future, India will be one of the largest education hubs. India's Higher Education sector has witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of Universities/University level Institutions & Colleges since independence. The higher education in India is, generally, seemed to be bleak since post-independence and raises several questions still unanswered. The unplanned expansion of higher education opportunities, spiralling trend of the educated unemployed, commercialization of education, the imbalance of quantity with quality, ignorance equity and excellence, are some of the pertinent cases in point that pose continuous threats to higher education of India. In this light, the new reforms in education to come must address all the above concerns in higher education and involve innovative modalities of how to classify and reclassify information, how to look at problems from new and different directions and at last how to bring about new future society to meet the challenges to come. Hence, the emerging Indian society needs to make the system of their higher education must innovative and futuristic to face the changing demands of the modern Indian Society. This paper includes the key challenges that India is currently facing in higher education and also includes some initiatives taken by the government to meet those challenges.

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 Keywords

Higher Education, India, Present Scenario, Future prospects, Challenges, Government Initiatives

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 Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of metals like lead and chromium on morphological parameters, amount of chlorophyll and protein content of Spinacia oleracea. The absorbance and accumulation of these two metals in the edible part (leaves) of the plant was also studied. Pot experiments were carried out to treat the plants with various concentrations of both the metals and their impact on different parameters were investigated and compared with the control. It was found that all the morphological parameters, the three types of chlorophyll (a, b and total) as well as the total proteins get reduced in the plants treated with lead and chromium in comparison to control. The effect of chromium in increasing concentrations on the morphological parameters was found to be more adverse than lead, while the adverse impact of increasing lead concentrations were more on the chlorophyll and protein contents. However the metals (Pb and Cr) did not accumulate in the leaves in significant amounts.

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 Keywords

Absorbance, Accumulation, Morphological parameters, Chlorophyll, Protein.

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Now a days increase in population increases the demand of concrete for construction purpose and Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. Re-use of demolition waste avoids the problem of waste disposal and is also helpful in reducing the gap between demand and supply of fresh aggregates. This research deals with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) of age group 15, 25 & 35 years in different proportions like 20%, 30%, 40%. For this, M20 grade of concrete is adopted. Curing of specimens were done for 7days and 28 days to attain the maximum strengths. Partial replacement of fine aggregate with Silica Fume at 5%, 10%, 15% were done to gain more strength. After casting the specimens of RCA with Silica Fume replacement, curing was done and the specimens were tested for compressive and tensile strengths. Obtained results of compressive and tensile strengths of RCA concrete mix were compared with conventional concrete. In this direction, an experimental investigation of compressive and tensile strength was undertaken to use RCA as a partial replacement in concrete. It was observed that the concrete with recycled aggregates of 15,25, & 35 years age group achieved maximum compressive strength and Split tensile strength at 40% Replacement of NCA with 15yrs RCA, at 15 % replacement of NCA with 15yrs RCA and replacement of Fine aggregate with Silica Fume, at 30 % for Replacement of NCA with 25yrs RCA, at 15% for Replacement of NCA with 25yrs RCA and replacement of Fine aggregate with Silica Fume, at 20 % for Replacement of NCA with 35yrs RCA.

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 Keywords

Natural Coarse Aggregate, Recycled Coarse Aggregate, Silica Fume, Concrete

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal medicine has grown in importance on a global scale for both medical and financial reasons. Because herbal remedies don't have the common side effects of allopathic medicines, patient compliance is rising.The objective of this study was to develop and formulate an antimicrobial gel using turmeric and eucalyptus in order to assess the chemical and physical properties of formulations. A gel is a jelly-like semisolid preparation that is applied topically to a variety of body surfaces. The goal of the study was to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial herbal gel from the local medicinal plants. The oil of the selected plants was taken in different ratios at random to formulate gel. The topical formulation was developed and tested for physical parameter, drug content, uniformity, and spreadibility (SP). Using the agar diffusion method, the gels' antimicrobial activity against a variety of microbial agents was assessed. The herbal gels demonstrated the superior antibacterial activity of formulations with turmeric and eucalyptus oil.

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 Keywords

Antimicrobial activity,Herbal Gel, Eucalyptus oil and turmeric,Evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising paradigm to meet the requirement of ultra-dense, low-latency and high-rate in the fifth-generation networks. However, energy consumption is a critical issue for the D2D communication, especially for D2D relay networks. To make the best use of D2D communication, the problem of optimizing energy efficiency (EE) must be addressed. Here propose a joint power allocation and relay selection (JPARS) scheme for the improvement of energy efficiency in relay-aided D2D communications underlaying cellular network. A mixed integer nonlinear fractional programming (MINLP) problem of the total EE for D2D pairs is formulated. While ensuring the quality of service (QoS) of cellular users and D2D links, here solve the power allocation problem by Dinkelbach method and Lagrange dual decomposition. After that, Q-learning, one of the reinforcement learning algorithms, is employed to solve the relay selection problem. Finally, we provide in-depth theoretical analysis of the proposed scheme in terms of complexity and signaling overhead. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme not only overcomes the bottleneck effect, but also nearly reaches the theoretical maximum in terms of the total EE of D2D pairs.

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 Keywords

relay,d2d communication

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys Ed. or PE, is a subject taught in schools around the world . It is usually taught during primary and secondary education and encourages psychomotor learning by using a play and movement exploration setting to promote health and physical fitness. Basic education featured heavily in the 1997 ISCED document, but the term was not included in the glossary. Each country interpreted the term in different ways, and leading up to the 2011 revision, a discussion paper was issued to seek clarification. In most countries, ISCED 1 corresponds to the nationally designated primary education, and basic education includes that and also ISCED 2 lower secondary education (the lower level of secondary school). In other countries, where there is no break between primary and lower secondary education "basic education" covers the entire compulsory school period. For statistical reasons, ISCED 1 is then considered to be the first six years of schooling. Universal basic education is regarded as a priority for developing countries and is the focus of the Education For All movement led by UNESCO. It is also included in the Millennium Development Goals as goal number 2: achieve universal primary education by 2015. Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 upper secondary education or senior secondary education is the stage before tertiary education. Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them. Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges. Higher education is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom, or included under the category of continuing education in the United States. Health education is a profession of educating people about health.[1] Areas within this profession encompass environmental health, physical health, social health, emotional health, intellectual health, and spiritual health, as well as sexual and reproductive health education.

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Physical Education, Activity, Sports and Health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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E-commerce means electronic commerce. E-commerce is the trading of goods and services on the internet or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network. It is new change in way of doing business. Now a days e-commerce is the boom in online market. Every small to big thing is now available on online market. The platform, named "Herbal Med Online," aims to offer a comprehensive online marketplace for herbal remedies, supplements, and wellness products while concurrently educating and raising awareness about the benefits and applications of herbal medicine.The current research has be undertaken to bridge the gap between consumers seeking natural remedies and herbal medicine providers by creating a user-friendly, secure, and comprehensive e-commerce platform. The website will feature a wide range of herbal medicine products, including supplements, traditional remedies, and wellness products, making it a one-stop destination for individuals seeking natural healthcare solutions. In summary, "Herbal Med Online" represents a pioneering e-commerce platform that not only offers herbal products but also serves as a knowledge center, advocating the benefits of herbal medicine. By combining commerce with education, the platform strives to create a more informed and health-conscious community.

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E-commerce, Herbal Medicine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the realm of popular music, rap music may influence people's behavior through its explicit lyrics. This study examines the correlation between the frequency of rap music consumption and attitudes toward substance use among young adults aged 18-35 years. Furthermore, it examines the impact of listening to of rap music on attitudes toward substance use among individuals of different genders. The study utilizes a quantitative research approach, employing convenience sampling for data collection, and correlation analysis, and a t-test for data interpretation. The hypothesis suggested a connection between the frequency of listening to rap music and positive attitudes towards substance use among young adults. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that there is a significant gender-based difference, with males being more susceptible to developing positive attitudes toward substance use due to higher exposure to rap music than females. Consistent with the initial hypothesis, there is a positive relationship exists between the frequency of rap music consumption and attitudes toward substance use among young adults. The findings reveal a significant gender-based difference, with males displaying a higher tendency for positive attitudes toward substance use and higher exposure to rap music than females. This research seeks to offer insights that could direct public health campaigns and educational strategies with the goal of promoting healthier choices and minimizing substance use among young adults. The general limitations of this study include limited qualitative insights, temporal factors, sampling bias, self-selection bias, response bias, and changing rap subgenres. The general ethical considerations applied in this study were informed consent, anonymity and confidentiality, avoiding coercion, and transparent reporting. To conclude, listening to rap music with regular recommendations for drug and alcohol use, as well as general smoking recommendations, tends to encourage substance use among young adults, according to this research study.

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 Keywords

Rap Music, Young Adults, Substance Use, Attitude

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study evaluated the awareness in the implementation of Procurement Law in the Unified Commands, AFP. It also identified the problems encountered in the procurement process and proposed plans of actions that can improve the procurement process. The researcher attained the objectives of the study, through a research strategy known as quantitative correlational research design. The researcher also identified the respondents of the study using purpose sampling design. The researcher used a survey questionnaire to evaluate the level of awareness of the employees involved in the procurement process and evaluated the process in terms of timeliness, number of signatories and transparency. The data collected were analyzed using Likert scale, frequency, and percentage. The study's findings reveal that a majority of the respondents possess a substantial awareness of the Procurement Law (RA 9184). Specifically, they demonstrate a solid understanding of the governing principles on government procurement (4.16 - Aware), emphasizing their grasp of the fundamental concepts underlying procurement processes. Furthermore, they are fully aware of procurement planning (4.50 - Fully Aware), recognizing its pivotal role in effective procurement. While they display awareness of procurement by electronic means (3.96 - Aware) and the existence of the Bids and Awards Committee (3.82 - Aware), they are especially knowledgeable about the preparation of bidding documents (4.16 - Aware) and the procedures related to the receipt and opening of bids (3.99 - Aware). They also demonstrate awareness of post-qualification, award, implementation, and contract termination processes (3.87 - Aware) and alternative methods of procurement (4.05 - Aware). However, a significant challenge noted is the return of procurement documents due to incomplete requirements, which is prevalent among 88% of respondents. This issue poses potential delays and obstacles to the Unified Command's procurement efficiency. To address this, the top-priority proposed action involves urging end-users and purchasing units to submit complete documents with all necessary signatures, emphasizing document integrity and timely submissions (87%).

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 Keywords

21,185

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition