Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The integration of digital technology into English Language Teaching (ELT) has significantly transformed pedagogical practices in secondary education. Technology-assisted ELT offers opportunities to enhance learner engagement, language skill development, and instructional effectiveness. Teachers' attitudes play a crucial role in determining the success of technology integration in classrooms. The present study investigates secondary school English teachers' attitudes towards technology-assisted ELT, identifies factors influencing these attitudes, and examines challenges encountered during implementation. A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected from 123 secondary school English teachers drawn from Ajmer, Jaipur, Pilani, and Rewari using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and ANOVA) were used for data analysis. The findings reveal that teachers generally hold positive attitudes towards technology-assisted ELT, particularly in relation to learner motivation, language skill development, and classroom interaction. Inferential analysis indicates that teachers' attitudes differ significantly based on teaching experience and location, but not gender. However, inadequate professional training, infrastructural limitations, time constraints, and lack of technical support continue to hinder effective integration. The study concludes that sustained professional development, region-specific institutional support, and context-sensitive policy interventions are essential for the meaningful and equitable integration of technology in secondary ELT classrooms.

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Technology-assisted ELT, teachers' attitudes, secondary education, digital pedagogy, inferential analysis, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??, ?????, ?????????, ????? ???, ????????, ?????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????

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???? ??? ?? ???, ??????? ???? ?? ????????????

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Political discourse in contemporary poets and their poetry: a consciousness

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Political discourse in contemporary poets and their poetry: a consciousness

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Adhunik Bihar Ke Unnayak: Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh

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Adhunik Bihar Ke Unnayak: Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh

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Joint cosmological analysis to constrain a time-varying dark energy equation of state using cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and galaxy clustering observables from large-scale structure surveys. We extend the standard LambdaCDM model by adopting the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parameterization for the dark energy equation of state, w(z) = w0 + wa z/(1+z), and study its impact on both the background expansion H(z) and the linear growth of matter perturbations. The CMB temperature and polarization spectra, together with CMB lensing, tightly constrain early-universe parameters and the distance to last scattering, while baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift-space distortion (RSD) measurements constrain late-time geometry and growth through distance indicators and f sigma8(z). We build a consistent joint likelihood using Planck 2018 TT,TE,EE plus lowE and lensing, combined with BOSS DR12 consensus BAO+RSD constraints at z_eff = 0.38, 0.51, and 0.61. Posterior distributions are sampled using Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and we quantify improvements in constraints on (w0, wa) when adding low-redshift information to the CMB. Model comparison with LambdaCDM is reported using information criteria, and robustness is assessed under alternative assumptions on priors, scale cuts, and neutrino mass treatment. This work provides a complete observationally anchored framework for testing dark energy evolution with current precision cosmology data.

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dark energy, evolving equation of state, CMB anisotropies, CMB lensing, BAO, RSD, galaxy clustering, parameter estimation

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The hotel and tourism industry is striving to develop and augment the guest experience. The hotel front desk is an imperative part of the front office operations because it creates the guest's first impression. In this era of competition, the hotels have adopted new and innovative practices to improve their level of performance and at the same time delight the guest. It became essential for the hotel to offer the excellent services and to do something innovative for their guest to keep them satisfied and fulfill their request. The guests had more options to choose from and it was important to retain the guest and give them life experiences so that they became loyal guests. The guest's feedback and suggestions helped the hotel to change a few of its practices and implement innovative and effective in the industry. This Research paper has stated guest satisfaction is a differentiator and vital success factor for the hotel. Research has shown that front office management and guest satisfaction have a relationship and that hotel performance is impacted because of the attitude and motivational levels of the employees.

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Hotel Industry, Front office, Guest Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study delves into the timeless wisdom of Saatvik Aahar, an ancient dietary philosophy deeply rooted in Indian traditions. The research explores the foundational principles guiding Saatvik Aahar, emphasizing the consumption of unprocessed, locally sourced, and seasonally appropriate foods. It investigates the holistic approach of Saatvik Aahar, addressing its impact on physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual harmony. At its core, Saatvik Aahar operates on the principle of balance, aiming to harmonize the three gunas - Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Sattva, representing purity and balance, is encouraged through the intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. This dietary approach fosters physical health by providing essential nutrients while aligning with the body's natural rhythms. The study investigates the holistic nature of Saatvik Aahar, recognizing its impact on mental well-being. By promoting Sattva, individuals engaging in this dietary practice may experience heightened mental clarity, improved focus, and a sense of inner peace. The avoidance of Rajasic (stimulating) and Tamasic (dull, inertia-inducing) foods contributes to emotional equilibrium and a tranquil mind. The study examines the potential benefits associated with Saatvik Aahar, such as enhanced digestion, improved energy levels, and a sense of inner peace. Through a combination of literature review, nutritional analysis, and insights from traditional practices, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Saatvik Aahar contributes to overall wellness.

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Saatvik Aahar, Indian diet, holistic health, nutrition, mental well-being, Ayurveda

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Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is very essential for holistic education which emphasizes emotional intelligence, empathy, social skills and responsible decision making. English Language Teaching (ELT) provides an ideal context for integration on account of its emphasis on communication, expression, collaboration and critical thinking. This conceptual paper explores the concept, theoretical framework, strategies, benefits and challenges of implementing SEL in the Indian English language classrooms. It highlights the need for promoting social emotional learning in English Language Learning for the holistic development of students in the Indian context.

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Social-Emotional Learning, Socio-emotional Learning, Social -Emotional Literacy, English Language Learning, Language learning, English pedagogy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project presents a compact embedded system designed to detect both obstacles and metallic objects using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) to identify obstacles by transmitting sound waves and calculating distance based on the reflected signal. When an obstacle is detected within a critical range, the Arduino initiates an avoidance action by reversing the device. The metal detection subsystem operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A copper coil connected to an LC oscillator generates a magnetic field, and when a metallic object enters this field, the inductance of the coil changes, altering the oscillator frequency. The Arduino monitors this variation and activates a buzzer and LED to indicate the presence of metal. The proposed system is simple, low-cost, and user-friendly. It is suitable for applications such as small mobile robots, assistive tools for visually impaired users, and basic security-scanning devices. This work demonstrates how multiple sensing modalities can be integrated into a single microcontroller-based platform to achieve multifunctional sensing capabilities.

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Arduino, obstacle detection, metal detection, ultrasonic sensor, inductive sensing, embedded systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of creative art on reducing level of depression among elderly client .there are older people today than ever before and their number is on the increase. The number of elderly clients is increasing in almost every country. It is expected that by 2030 elderly population will account for 21.8% of the total population. It is not surprising that the societal attitude continually nurtures the feelings of low self- esteem, helplessness, and hopelessness that become more pervasive and intense with advanced age."creative art's purpose is not to kill time, but to make time live; not to keep people occupied, but to keep them refreshed; not to offer an escape from life, but to provide a discovery of life.the purpose of the study art therapysuch as painting, making envelops and art from west to best is unique approach to depression treatment that helps elderly client to change the negative thoughts and emotion that are associate with depression

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Assess, Effectiveness,, Creative Art, Old age Home

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition