Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The growing pressures of climate change, water scarcity, and the need for sustainable agricultural practices have driven significant research into smart irrigation and machine learning-based solutions. Agriculture, as one of the most water-intensive sectors, faces the dual challenge of maximizing crop yields while minimizing resource consumption. Recent advancements in sensor technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, predictive analytics, and atmospheric water harvesting have enabled data-driven approaches to irrigation management, offering precise control over water delivery based on real-time environmental and crop conditions. Machine learning, in particular, has emerged as a transformative tool, enabling accurate predictions of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and rainfall patterns, as well as adaptive decision-making for diverse agricultural contexts.

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, IoT, Agriculture, Smart Irrigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The invasive aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a significant ecological challenge affecting freshwater ecosystems globally. This study investigates the impact of water hyacinth infestation on water quality in four lakes within the Dahanu Municipal Area, Maharashtra. Using seasonal water samples collected from December 2024 to March 2025, parameters such as pH, conductivity, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were analyzed. Results revealed marked differences in water quality correlated with the presence and density of hyacinth cover, with the most heavily infested site showing acidic pH and reduced water quality. The study emphasizes the urgent need for site-specific management strategies, underlining the importance of biological control and integrated environmental planning to mitigate the negative ecological, economic, and social impacts of water hyacinth.

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 Keywords

Eichhornia crassipes. pH, conductivity, and biological oxygen demand

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Decision Tree is the most prominent classification algorithm for supervised machine learning. Various decision tree algorithms, such as J48, Random Tree, LMT, and Random Forest, are applied to the datasets depending on the types of data and the application requirements. This paper presents a comparison analysis of J48, Random Forest, and LMT algorithms based on multiple evaluation parameters. The results demonstrate that J48 consistently outperforms other algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness, compared to algorithms such as Random Forest and LMT.

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 Keywords

Supervised machine learning, J48, Random Forest, LMT, Classification Algorithm Comparison

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

Chlorpyrifos, Pseudomonas putida, Bioremediation, Organophosphate, pesticides.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rise of Indian nationalism was a layered and dynamic process, and Bengal stood at the forefront during its formative years. Being the first region to come under direct British control, Bengal experienced both the detrimental consequences of colonial rule and the awakening of political awareness. The cultural and intellectual resurgence known as the Bengal Renaissance driven by reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar created the groundwork for nationalist thought. The 1905 Partition of Bengal became a turning point, sparking the Swadeshi Movement, which marked a decisive shift toward widespread political engagement and self-reliance through indigenous means. Bengal also emerged as the epicenter of revolutionary movements, with organizations like Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar leading armed resistance against colonial authority. Furthermore, the region's influence in education, literature, and cultural revival helped amplify the nationalist spirit throughout India. This paper explores the diverse ways in which Bengal shaped and sustained Indian nationalism, cementing its role as a cornerstone in the country's fight for freedom.

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Bengal Renaissance, Swadeshi Movement, Indian Nationalism, Partition of Bengal, Revolutionary Activities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A study of personality adjustment of secondary level students of Basti district.

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A study of personality adjustment of secondary level students of Basti district.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bureaucratic reforms are crucial for improving governance, enhancing administrative efficiency, and ensuring public accountability. Across the world, governments have implemented reforms to reduce procedural delays, simplify administrative structures, and make service delivery more citizen-friendly. In India, bureaucratic reforms have been introduced at the national and state levels to address systemic inefficiencies, corruption, and governance challenges. This paper examines the impact of bureaucratic reforms on governance, with a focus on reforms aimed at reducing red tape, improving efficiency, and enhancing accountability. Using a mixed-method approach--reviewing government reports, analyzing case studies, and interviewing public officials--the study highlights key areas where reforms have had a positive effect and identifies ongoing challenges. Findings suggest that reforms such as e-governance, delegation of powers, process simplification, and performance appraisal systems have improved service delivery, reduced delays, and increased transparency. However, challenges remain due to political interference, resistance to change, and inadequate monitoring mechanisms. Recommendations include institutionalizing reforms, strengthening capacity building, and promoting citizen participation to maximize the benefits of bureaucratic reform.

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Old English, Modern English, Grammar Evolution, Linguistic Change, Syntax, Morphology, Inflection, Language Contact

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National Education Policy 2020: Issues, Opportunities and Challenges

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National Education Policy 2020: Issues, Opportunities and Challenges

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Value-oriented education is essential for a respectable society because values are diminishing day by day in present society. Today, anti-social activities, immoral activities, corruption, drugs addictions, etc. are increasing in the society. Only through the instrument of value-oriented education can we solve the growing problems in society. Since value-oriented education is essential not only for the present society but also for the future society. There is a great need for in-depth research on value-oriented education. Value-oriented education scale was constructed and standardized by investigator. The sample for the investigation consisted of 1200 intermediate students in the old chittoor district.A 2x3 factorial design for interaction of mother occupation vs economic position of the family on the attitude of intermediate students towards value-oriented education and mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, Anova were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that both mother occupation and economic position of the family have significant influence on attitude of intermediate students towards value oriented education at 0.05 level. It is advised to provide economic facilities for various groups of economic position of the family.

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 Keywords

Value-Oriented Education, Mother Occupation, Economic Position of Family.

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The Mizoram Universal Health Care Scheme (MUHCS) aims to provide accessible, cashless healthcare to reduce the financial burden of hospitalization. This study evaluates the efficacy of MUHCS by surveying 20 patients--10 each from empanelled and non-empanelled hospitals--using a structured questionnaire and analyzing secondary data from official handbooks. SPSS was applied for data analysis and cross-tabulations. Findings reveal that patients in empanelled hospitals benefit from cashless treatment, incur lower out-of-pocket expenses, and report higher satisfaction, while non-empanelled hospital patients face greater financial hardship. Challenges include limited hospital empanelment, low awareness, slow claim processing, and insufficient collaboration between private hospitals and the government. Respondents recommend expanding public hospitals, increasing awareness, ensuring faster processing, and fostering better coordination with private hospitals. The study concludes that MUHCS has positively impacted healthcare access and financial protection, but strategic improvements are necessary to maximize its benefits and efficiency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mizoram Universal Health Care Scheme, cashless healthcare, empanelled hospitals, patient satisfaction, financial protection, health insurance, healthcare accessibility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition