Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The growing pressures of climate change, water scarcity, and the need for sustainable agricultural practices have driven significant research into smart irrigation and machine learning-based solutions. Agriculture, as one of the most water-intensive sectors, faces the dual challenge of maximizing crop yields while minimizing resource consumption. Recent advancements in sensor technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, predictive analytics, and atmospheric water harvesting have enabled data-driven approaches to irrigation management, offering precise control over water delivery based on real-time environmental and crop conditions. Machine learning, in particular, has emerged as a transformative tool, enabling accurate predictions of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and rainfall patterns, as well as adaptive decision-making for diverse agricultural contexts.

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, IoT, Agriculture, Smart Irrigation.

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The invasive aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a significant ecological challenge affecting freshwater ecosystems globally. This study investigates the impact of water hyacinth infestation on water quality in four lakes within the Dahanu Municipal Area, Maharashtra. Using seasonal water samples collected from December 2024 to March 2025, parameters such as pH, conductivity, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were analyzed. Results revealed marked differences in water quality correlated with the presence and density of hyacinth cover, with the most heavily infested site showing acidic pH and reduced water quality. The study emphasizes the urgent need for site-specific management strategies, underlining the importance of biological control and integrated environmental planning to mitigate the negative ecological, economic, and social impacts of water hyacinth.

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 Keywords

Eichhornia crassipes. pH, conductivity, and biological oxygen demand

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Decision Tree is the most prominent classification algorithm for supervised machine learning. Various decision tree algorithms, such as J48, Random Tree, LMT, and Random Forest, are applied to the datasets depending on the types of data and the application requirements. This paper presents a comparison analysis of J48, Random Forest, and LMT algorithms based on multiple evaluation parameters. The results demonstrate that J48 consistently outperforms other algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness, compared to algorithms such as Random Forest and LMT.

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Supervised machine learning, J48, Random Forest, LMT, Classification Algorithm Comparison

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In India, in an attempt to find a balance between technological advancement and regional sustainability practices, development paradigms are increasingly exploring hybrid techniques. These techniques incorporate modern scientific discoveries with traditional knowledge systems (Modernization Theory). This paper presents a sociological analysis of such hybrid development approaches in the setting of the Dongria Kondh tribe of Odisha. The lifestyle of this tribe is closely connected with forest ecosystems, traditional agriculture and community governance structures. The study adopts a sociological lens, drawing on theories of community participation, social structure, gender and governance to understand how hybrid development models function in local contexts. The study is based on secondary data from government reports, NGO case studies and academic literature. The study focuses on the interaction between scientific interventions such as contemporary farming methods, soil testing and water conservation technologies and the tribe's traditional ecological knowledge such as sacred groves, seed preservation and sustainable forest management. The study highlights how social structures, gender norms (Gender Role Theory), caste, tribal identity and participatory governance influence the uptake and results of hybrid development projects. For instance, the Gram Sabha and clan-based councils are crucial in determining how new technologies are incorporated, guaranteeing that ecological principles and communal values are honoured. The involvement of women in minor forest produce management and seed preservation further highlights the significance of gendered knowledge in maintaining hybrid traditions (Gender Role Theory). The findings suggest that hybrid development models can disclose sociological constraints including marginalisation, policy gaps and conflicts between tradition and modernity (Modernization Theory, Globalization Theory), while simultaneously achieving people- centric, ecologically sustainable and socially inclusive outcomes. The study shows that creating development initiatives that are both culturally sensitive and scientifically successful requires an understanding of community dynamics, social hierarchies and local governance processes. In addition to providing insights for policymakers, practitioners and researchers interested in fusing indigenous knowledge with contemporary development frameworks in a globalising world, this research adds to a nuanced understanding of sustainable development in India by examining the intersections of science, tradition and community.

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 Keywords

Hybrid Development, Indigenous Knowledge, Modern Science, Dongria Kondh Tribe, Community Governance, Sustainable Development

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 Abstract

"A Study of Levels of Potassium and Plant Geometry on Yield per Hectare of Banana (Musa acuminata L.) cv. Ardhapuri"

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"A Study of Levels of Potassium and Plant Geometry on Yield per Hectare of Banana (Musa acuminata L.) cv. Ardhapuri"

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 Abstract

Smart TV evam ICT Aadharit Hindi Shikshan ka Kaksha 9 evam 10 ke Vidyarthiyon ki Adhigam Uplabdhi evam Abhiruchi par Prabhav: Ek Kriyatmak Adhyayan (Action Research)

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Smart TV evam ICT Aadharit Hindi Shikshan ka Kaksha 9 evam 10 ke Vidyarthiyon ki Adhigam Uplabdhi evam Abhiruchi par Prabhav: Ek Kriyatmak Adhyayan (Action Research)

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Bhumi Upyog Parivartan aur Gramin Samaj: Alwar Jile ke Sandarbh mein Ek Saiddhantik Vishleshan

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Bhumi Upyog Parivartan aur Gramin Samaj: Alwar Jile ke Sandarbh mein Ek Saiddhantik Vishleshan

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This paper examines India's foreign policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi from 2014 to 2025, focusing on the dimensions of continuity, change, and strategic transformation. The study analyzes India's relations with neighbouring countries, regional organizations such as SAARC and ASEAN, major global powers including the United States, Russia, and the European Union, and its growing engagement with international institutions and multilateral forums. The research seeks to assess how the Modi government has reshaped India's foreign policy to address emerging geopolitical, economic, and security challenges in an increasingly complex global environment. The study employs a qualitative and analytical methodology based on secondary sources, including government documents, policy reports, academic literature, and international publications. It evaluates key foreign policy initiatives such as the Neighbourhood First Policy, Act East Policy, Indo-Pacific strategy, economic diplomacy, and strategic partnerships. The findings indicate that while India has maintained core principles such as strategic autonomy and national interest, the Modi era has witnessed a more proactive, assertive, and globally engaged foreign policy approach. Enhanced regional outreach, strengthened relations with major powers, increased participation in global governance, and a greater emphasis on economic and security cooperation have emerged as defining features of this period. The paper concludes that India's foreign policy under Narendra Modi represents a significant strategic transformation that has strengthened the country's position as an influential regional and global actor, while also presenting new opportunities and challenges for future policymakers.

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Narendra Modi, Foreign Policy, SAARC, ASEAN, Global Power

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This study examines the growing influence of digital journalism and mobile-based news consumption among rural youth in Andhra Pradesh. The research focuses on how smartphones, social media platforms, and mobile news applications have transformed news access patterns. A survey method was used among 120 rural youth respondents from selected villages in Andhra Pradesh. The findings reveal that mobile phones have become the primary source of news consumption, while social media significantly influences political awareness and public opinion. The study concludes that digital journalism has expanded information accessibility but also increased exposure to misinformation.

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Digital Journalism, Mobile Journalism, Rural Youth, Social Media, Andhra Pradesh, News Consumption

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The E-Gram Vishwagram Yojana, initiated by the Gujarat government, represents a pioneering effort to digitize rural administration, thereby revolutionizing the delivery of public services in Gujarat's villages. This study examines the programme's implementation and its socio-economic impact on rural communities. By establishing E-Gram centres equipped with high-speed internet and trained personnel, the initiative aims to enhance transparency, efficiency, and inclusivity in governance. The research highlights significant improvements in access to government services, digital literacy, and economic opportunities among villagers. It identifies challenges such as infrastructure maintenance and digital divides, offering recommendations for sustainable development. This paper underscores the transformative potential of digital governance in bridging the urban-rural gap and fostering holistic rural development. The E-Gram Vishwagram Yojana serves as a model for other regions aiming to leverage technology for rural empowerment.

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 Keywords

E-Governance, Digital Empowerment, Rural Development, Public Service Delivery, Digital Inclusion

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