Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Background: Cryotherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention used to manage post-operative pain and reduce inflammation. Appendectomy, a common surgical procedure, often results in moderate to severe post-operative pain. This study investigates the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing pain in post-operative appendectomy patients. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing post-operative pain among appendectomy patients in selected Hospitals of Raipur District, Chhattisgarh. Methodology: A pre-experimental, single-group pre-test post-test design was used. A total of 60 patients who underwent appendectomy were selected through convenient sampling. Pain levels were measured before and after cryotherapy using a standardized pain rating scale. Results: Pre-test findings revealed 50% of participants had poor pain levels, 36.7% average, and 13.3% good. Post-test showed a significant shift: only 13.3% reported poor pain levels, 41.7% average, and 45% good. A bar chart and frequency table were used to represent the findings. Cryotherapy was effective in reducing post-operative pain among appendectomy patients. It is recommended as a cost-effective and simple intervention to be incorporated into post-operative nursing care.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cryotherapy, Post-operative Pain, Appendectomy, Cold Application, Non-Pharmacologic Pain Management, Nursing Intervention

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The integration of technology in science education has the potential to transform classroom teaching and enhance student learning. This study explores the effectiveness of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in improving the conceptual knowledge of secondary school students. Using a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control and experimental groups, the study involved Class IX students who were taught scientific concepts through TPACK-based instruction, while the control group received traditional teaching. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to assess conceptual knowledge. Statistical techniques such as paired and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that students taught through TPACK-based strategies showed significantly higher improvement in conceptual knowledge compared to those taught through traditional methods. The results highlight the importance of integrating technology, pedagogy and content knowledge in science teaching to foster deeper learning and better academic outcomes in the Indian secondary education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Effectiveness, TPACK, Science teaching, Conceptual Knowledge, Secondary School, Students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Africa has been colonized in large scale by three major powers - France, Britain and Portugal. The aftermath of colonization, especially by France in Senegal of Africa has produced a famous postcolonial writer- Leopold Sedar Senghor, one of the fathers of the idea of Negritude has authorized many works like chant d'ombre, Nocturne and many books and occupies a unique place in African literature. Senghor focused his writings on expressing the assimilation strategy behind French colonization. In this context, this paper attempts to show how the idea of Negritude and Reverse Racism was used in his selected works and how he glorifies African Literature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Assimilation, Negritude, Reverse Racism.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the normalization of gang culture via social media, utilizing the theoretical frameworks of Howard Becker, Jeff Ferrell, and Jody Miller. Becker's labeling theory illustrates how social media allows gang members to reclaim and redefine their identities, turning societal stigmas into symbols of empowerment and defiance. Ferrell's cultural criminology emphasizes the aesthetic and performative aspects of gang culture, where social media platforms act as venues for the glorification of crime, violence, and hypermasculinity. Miller's gendered analysis highlights the distinct experiences of male and female gang members in online environments, noting that women encounter both greater visibility and increased risks of victimization. The research underscores that social media not only reflects gang culture but also plays an active role in shaping it, reinforcing connections in both digital and physical realms. Addressing this issue necessitates a transition from punitive approaches to rehabilitative strategies that challenge the appeal of gang life by fostering alternative narratives and opportunities for youth at risk.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deviance, Cultural criminology, Gender and gangs, Hypermasculinity, Digital identity construction, Performative crime, Media representation, Cyberbanging, Gang recruitment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The livelihoods of small tea growers in North Bengal are influenced by a complex interplay of socio-economic factors. This study focuses on three primary determinants: income, education, and market access. By examining these factors, the research aims to understand their impact on the sustainability and profitability of small-scale tea cultivation. The findings reveal that unstable income levels hinder investment in quality inputs, while limited education perpetuates traditional farming methods. Moreover, inadequate market access forces growers to rely on intermediaries, reducing their earnings. The study suggests forming cooperatives, promoting educational initiatives, and improving infrastructure to enhance the livelihoods of small tea growers in North Bengal.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Small Tea Grower, Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Goods and Services Tax (GST) is collected at the point of sale, and in the apparel industry, the tax rate varies based on price. The threshold value for this variation is INR 1000. The tax obligation also fluctuates with sales. This paper analyses the impact of GST on the retail business across three categories of retailers: unregistered, composite taxpayers, and large retailers. The study is based on exploratory research, with data collected using a structured survey from apparel retailers in Bangalore. Given the large and dispersed population, a sample size of 391 was selected for analysis. Regression analysis and binary logistic analysis were employed to examine the impact of GST on these businesses. The study categorizes retailers into three groups: unregistered businesses, composite taxpayers, and those with a turnover exceeding INR 7.5 million. Businesses with turnover below INR 1.9 million are not required to register and cannot claim input tax credit (ITC), which must be adjusted with GST at the point of sale. Composite taxpayers, with sales up to INR 7.5 million, pay a fixed tax rate of 1% of their total turnover but also cannot claim ITC. Consequently, product prices increase by the amount of tax paid at the input stage. Large retailers with turnover exceeding INR 7.5 million can claim ITC, reducing their effective tax burden. The study finds that GST increases prices, leading to incentives for tax evasion.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Goods and Services Tax, Apparels, Retailers, Input tax credit

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

At present, incidents of negligence in road traffic are being seen in Gwalior. Which is not good from the point of view of road safety of the city. Various types of negligence are shown by the drivers while driving in Gwalior's suburbs Murar, Lashkar and Gwalior.Due to which some person or the other becomes a victim of road accidents. The driver while driving the vehicle due to various circumstances like social, economic, personal etc. is called negligence.Drivers do not pay heed to speed breaks while driving, talk on mobile phone while driving, ignore traffic rules, lack concentration and consume various kinds of addictive beverages.Most of these incidents are seen on every road, including the national highway and state highway passing through Gwalior city, at intersections, crossroads and streets. Due to this, the fear of road accidents remains among the common people of the city.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

situations, personal, mobile, concentration, intelligence

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study investigates the relationship between physical fitness variables and the performance of male wrestlers from varied training centers in Bagalkot and Belagavi Districts of Karnataka. The study aims to determine how different fitness components viz., cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and agility contribute to game performance. Additionally, it examines differences in performance between wrestlers practicing Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling styles. A descriptive survey method was adopted and 60 male wrestlers aged 18 to 25 years were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Standardized tests were used to measure the physical fitness variables and game performance was assessed using a coach-rated performance scale. The Karl Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between fitness variables and game performance, while the independent 't' test was used to compare the game performance of Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and game performance. However, agility showed a negative correlation, indicating that wrestlers who completed the agility test in less time (better agility) had higher game performance scores. The comparison between wrestling styles indicated that Freestyle wrestlers performed significantly better than Greco-Roman wrestlers in game performance. The study highlights the critical role of physical fitness in wrestling performance, emphasizing that endurance, strength and agility play a vital role in competitive success. These findings can help wrestling coaches and trainers refine training programs to enhance the overall performance of wrestlers in different styles.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Physical Fitness, Game Performance, Wrestlers, Freestyle, Greco-Roman, Relationship

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper describes an SRL system custom designed for the Marathi language. It employs SVM, a powerful and well-established machine learning technique for classification tasks. The system first extracts a set of linguistic features from its training data, then trains the SVM classifier on those features. It tests the accuracy and performance of the SVM classifier in relation to the test dataset which is independent of the training dataset. Therefore, in order to increase the robustness of the system, datasets tagged manually from Marathi textbooks that have rich annotation quality have been used for testing. One of the biggest strengths in this SRL system is that its feature extraction is efficient and makes it easy for the classifier to capture linguistic patterns and relationships inside the text. The more elaborate recognition techniques make the identification of the proper semantic roles along with their correct labels possible in this system. This method has a disadvantage in that it is fixed on a set of features that might limit its adaptability to other linguistic structures or types of languages. In this implementation, the system was trained on a dataset of 38,929 tokens and tested on another set of 9,631 tokens. The findings from the evaluation suggest that the methodology is highly effective, as evidenced by the system achieving a notable average recall of 84.00%, precision of 85.00%, and an F1-score of 84.00%. Such results signify that the system exhibits strong performance in accurately categorizing the semantic roles in Marathi text, demonstrating significant potential for support vector machines in semantic role labeling tasks for Indian languages.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Semantic Role Labeling, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Marathi, Machine Learning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This longitudinal study explores the relationship between peer tutoring and academic performance among high school students. Peer tutoring, an educational practice where students tutor their peers, has gained attention for its potential to enhance academic outcomes and student engagement. This study investigates how participation in peer tutoring programs affects students' grades, test scores, and overall academic achievement throughout their high school years. It also identifies key factors that influence the effectiveness of peer tutoring, including session frequency, session quality, subject areas, and tutor and tutee characteristics. Data were collected from a sample of 500 high school students, evenly divided between those who participate in peer tutoring and those who do not. Analysis revealed that students involved in peer tutoring demonstrated higher average GPAs (3.45 vs. 3.10), improved test scores (85.2 vs. 78.6), and a greater likelihood of meeting or exceeding grade-level standards (75% vs. 55%) compared to non-participants. Key factors such as the frequency and quality of tutoring sessions, the subject matter, and the characteristics of both tutors and tutees significantly influenced the effectiveness of peer tutoring. Specifically, higher frequency and better quality of sessions were associated with improved academic outcomes, and experienced tutors and motivated tutees showed greater benefits. The findings suggest that peer tutoring can be a highly effective educational tool when implemented with attention to these key factors. Recommendations include optimizing the frequency and quality of tutoring sessions, focusing on high-impact subjects like mathematics, and ensuring that tutors are well-trained and tutees are engaged. This study contributes valuable insights into how peer tutoring can be leveraged to improve academic performance and offers practical suggestions for enhancing its effectiveness in high school settings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Peer tutoring, academic performance, high school students, longitudinal study, educational outcomes, tutoring effectiveness, student engagement.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition