Volume 9 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This study aims to assess and explore time, cost and quality management in the construction industry. The purpose of the study was to identify factors that affect time; Cost and quality management in construction projects. This study is limited to the perspective of an appropriate sample of professionals in the construction industry. The method used to collect the data is the questionnaire and interview, but is subject to descriptive statistical analysis using the percentage, mean score and frequency of data collected. The main factors affecting time, cost and quality in a construction project were planned and scheduled deficiencies, fraudulent methods and the kickback and lack of and clear evaluation standards. The study recommends that the construction team work hard to ensure effective management of time, cost and quality in the construction product. The objective of this study is to analyze how time, cost and quality management on construction projects is perceived by those involved in project teams. Conclusions are drawn up and recommendations are made regarding time, cost and quality management estimates for construction projects. In the construction industry, the concept of risk management is a less popular technique There are three main stages in the systematic approach to risk management in the construction industry. These stages include: a) risk response; B) risk analysis and assessment; And c) risk identification. The high risk associated with the construction business affects everyone in it; However, functional analysis and construction hazard management is a very big task for industry professionals. This study will lead to a review of the existing literature on construction project risk management in developing countries, especially on the risk management process. There are not enough risk management process approaches in the literature that can capture the risk effects on different project objectives. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the most frequently used methods in risk identification and analysis. It also seeks to clarify the various classifications of risk sources in the existing literature in developing countries and to identify future research directions on project risks in the construction sector in developing countries.

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 Keywords

TIME, COST, QUALITY (TCQ) , RISK MANAGEMENT, SCHEDULING

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 Abstract

The increase of pollution in the environment is major concern and the presence of heavy metals in water bodies is harmful for flora and fauna as well as human. Even, water of the Ganga River which is considered to be the pure water is also polluted. Thus, to reduce the heavy metals viz. mercury, iron and chromium loads of the water samples collected from the Ganga River and distilled water. We used maize tassel (male flowers of Zea mays) which is usually an agricultural by product. It acts as adsorbate and has adsorption capacities for all mercury, iron and chromium and was found to be comparable to those of other commercial adsorbents currently in use for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Adsorption of heavy metals by maize tassel might be attributed to their protein, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds, which have metal binding functional groups, such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups. The Ganga water samples were taken from Haridwar and Varanasi and distilled water preserved in bottles. Mercury, iron and chromium were observed in these pre treatment samples. The reading for mercury, iron and chromium of the water samples were observed at different concentration using UV-Spectrophotometer (2731 EI). Further, maize tassel was cleaned and pulverized to fine pieces and 0.1 gm powder were added to these water samples and kept for 24 h at room temperature. The water that drained out of the tassel and then the obtained post treatment samples were analyzed for the amount of metals remaining in it. Batch experiments was conducted on stimulated solutions using tassel powder as adsorbent and the effect of pH and concentration on the extent of mercury, iron and chromium removal was studied.

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 Keywords

Adsorption, Spectrophotometer, Heavy metals and Maize tassel.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The construction industry often accounts for about ten percent of GDP, with developing countries having the largest share. The productivity level of the construction industry largely depends on three factors, namely labor characteristics, management system and external issues. Many researchers have identified different factors that affect structural productivity. It is important to understand the level of productivity and to develop innovative methods to improve construction productivity. The productivity of a construction site has been as an issue for many years. This study reviews current productivity measurement literature, especially those related to the construction site and provides recommendations / suggestions for improving on-site productivity. It also shows that productivity can be measured by the actual consumption of the monthly plan / target concrete data. The target is the output of concrete input price and actual consumption productivity of concrete. Considering the single factor type of productivity i.e. concrete, we calculated the productivity for the shell and core type contract. It also shows some of the possible reasons for reduced productivity on the construction site due to improper shuttering and reinforcement activity.

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 Keywords

CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTIVITY, GDP, SHUTTERING

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Critical Thinking Ability; English Reading materials; EFL Reading class; University non-English majors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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 Keywords

CONSTRUCTION WASTAGES, LEAN CONSTRUCTION

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Communication plays a vital part for mortal beings. Human beings interact with each other either using a natural language channel similar as words, jotting, or by body language ( gestures)e.g. hand gestures, head gestures, facial expression, lip stir and so on. The sign language is the introductory communication system within hail disable people. The deaf community suffer a lot to interact with the community. Subscribe language is the way through which the people communicate with each other. In order to give commerce with normal people there's a system which can convert the sign languages to the mortal accessible language. The purpose of this work is to give a real- time system which can convert Subscribe Language to the textbook form. For this particular perpetration we're moving forward with American Subscribe language. Since Subscribe Language Restatement is grueling, but largely important exploration field for several computer vision systems that essay to grease the communication among the deaf and hail disabled people.

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CNN,natural language, American language

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KEYWORDS:- Comparative, Evaluate, Effectiveness, Simulation based Education, Demonstration, Neurological examination, Knowledge, Practice, Nursing students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ENHANCEMENT, CONSTRUCTABILITY

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In general Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques of a voltage source inverter (VSI) need a sinusoidal reference signal and triangular carrier signal to generate the required modulating signals for the desired output. Modifications in modulating techniques can be considered in two ways, namely modified reference and modified carrier. The existing multilevel carrier based pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies have no special provisions to offer good quality output, besides lower order harmonics are introduced in the spectrum, especially at low switching frequencies. In this paper an analysis has been made by using pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for five level diode clamped and cascaded multilevel inverters. The modified PWM scheme generates the inverter leg switching times using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages. The modified PWM signal generation scheme can be used for any multilevel inverter configuration. The main objective of this work is know the most relevant control and modulation methods by a new reference/carrier based PWM scheme for a Diode clamped and Cascaded multilevel inverters are for 5-level inverters. The performance indexes used in this comparison is total harmonic distortion (THD).

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 Keywords

multilevel inverter, total harmonic distortion, switching frequency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The current construction method for buildings requires the best aesthetic form, high quality and fast construction, cost-effective and innovative touches. As India is a developing country, large scale buildings are being constructed in different parts of the country. In recent years, many projects in India have been facing problems of both costs and schedule delays. Since 30% of the Indian population lives in towns and cities, construction is high in urban areas. Therefore alternative construction systems such as prefabricated steel buildings should be considered. Pre-engineered building is a steel building system that is prefabricated and prefabricated. Pre-engineered structures have many advantages such as optimized design, easy construction, longevity, light weight, low waste, increased productivity, better quality and reduced time and cost compared to traditional buildings. The concept of a pre-engineered building consists of a complete design in the factory and parts of the building are brought to the site in a knock down position. These parts are fixed / attached on site and lifted with the help of cranes. Pre-engineered buildings are very fast construction and call for good aesthetics and quality construction of buildings. Many projects in India in recent years have been facing problems of both cost overruns and scheduling delays. Both of these problems can be controlled by following the concept of pre-engineered buildings. Pre-engineered structures have many advantages such as optimized design, easy construction, longer duration, less weight, less waste, increased productivity, better quality than traditional buildings, less time and cost. This study compared costs between traditional and pre-engineered buildings by selecting two projects. The literature review was done and the facts related to this concept were provided. A detailed cost analysis is done between the two buildings and it is concluded that pre-engineered buildings are more economical than traditional buildings based on factors such as better planning, distance from the construction unit, proper operation and type of buildings. This also concludes that pre-engineered buildings are much more economical than traditional steel buildings for low-rise buildings.

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 Keywords

Reinforced Concrete Structures, Conventional Steel Structures, Pre-Engineered Buildings [PEB]

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition