Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The study was designed to investigate the significant levels of stress experienced by students due to academic pressure, competitive environment and personal challenges which seem to negatively impact their mental health, academic performance and overall well being. For the present research a quantitative, cross-sectional survey approach has been used for collecting data from representative sample of students using a validated stress scale questionnaire, exploring factors like academic workload, exam pressure, social relationship, family dynamics and personal factors. Chi- square values calculated were 40.990a 48.711a respectively, significant at P<.0001. The results indicate that there is strong association between interest towards courses and burden of academic workload, similarly students feel stressed as deadline nears the submission of projects and presentation of their class assignments. Students faced mental and physical fatigue, emotional drain which reduces their level of performance and induces loss of motivation, feeling of detachment were various issues expressed by the students in one to one interviews.

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 Keywords

Mental health; Stress; Academic Workload; Emotional Drain.

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 Abstract

Shayyamutra is one most common but even most ignored and underestimated disease, whose clinical features, pathogenesis and management are not clearly described in Ayurvedic text. The only quotation by Acharya Adhamalla can be compared with Nocturnal Enuresis. Contemporary science and Research studies mention Stress as contributing factor in manifesting Nocturnal Enuresis. Ayurveda has upper hand in attenuating stress so, Ashwaganda a proven anti stress drug a Rasayana too and Bimbimoola Swarasa indicated in Shayyamutra was chosen for Stress induced Nocturnal Enuresis. Stress is often found to present in everybody's life in this era and it's noticed that children too have stress with different sources though the impact and intensity of stress differs in children than that of in adults. Adults can cope up and tackle the stress in one or the other way but it isn't possible in children because they can't take it as adults can. The stress thus has adverse effect manifesting psychological and physical ailments. Hence, its need to concentrate that stress could may play major role in any disease especially in psychological manifestation and behavioral disorders. NE with specific cause of Stress was reviewed from Journal and Internet sources, Research papers as there wasn't anything specific related to Stress induced NE was observed even though it has been considered as one of the underlying cause for SNE. Stress in children, causes and symptoms of stress in children is reviewed. Researches related to Stress causing NE also reviewed. Tips for Parents and teachers for coping children with stress and tips for children and Parents regarding do's and don'ts is reviewed.

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 Keywords

Nocturnal Enuresis; Stress; CSDC; Re Experiencing; Numbing and Dissociation; Increased Arousal; Impairment in function; Bimbimoola Swarasa; Ashwagandha

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mRNA - or messenger RNA - vaccines have been a work in progress for several decades, often overshadowed by developments in DNA vaccines due to the safety and efficacy concerns that come with mRNA vaccines. mRNA vaccines function by delivering the coding for an antigen into the host cells. The mRNA is then translated into a protein and processed so that it elicits an immune response. mRNA is a highly favourable vaccination method due to several factors, including the rapid production process, high safety, and non- integrating nature of the mRNA. The three primary struggles of mRNA vaccines are: stability, efficacy, and immunogenicity. These can all be addressed via three highlighted chemical modifications that have shown promise in their ability to improve the functionality of mRNA vaccines. The first modification reduces innate immune sensing upon the reception of an mRNA vaccine by modifying the nucleosides so they are able to bypass the bodies defensive mechanisms and prevent the vaccine from being identified as a threat. Furthermore, 5' cap modifications work as a protective structure that shields RNA from exonuclease cleavage, which is necessary for effective mRNA translation. Lastly, UTR (untranslated regions) and poly(A) tail modifications can extend the lifespan of mRNA and maintains intracellular stability. This literature review aims to summarise the purposes and benefits of these modifications in the future development of mRNA vaccines, and examines the three aforementioned key chemical modifications.

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 Keywords

mRNA vaccines, chemical modifications, biochemistry, nucleoside modifications

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

on USD facilitating retrievals and providing ease of updates. This program permits users to convert a specified amount, between any pair of supported currencies check exchange rates and dynamically add or update rates. By using USD as a pivot currency the system guarantees uniform and dependable outcomes.The application follows a menu-driven structure, improving user interaction by guiding them through conversion, rate viewing, and update options. It demonstrates important Java concepts such as collections, modular programming, input handling, and formatted output. This project highlights how simple Java programs can be applied to real-world financial tasks and can be further expanded with features like live API-based rates, a graphical interface, or database support .Overall, the Advanced Currency Converter demonstrates how core programming concepts like data structures, loops, conditional statements, and formatted output can be used to build a real-world, functional application. The project not only performs accurate conversions but is also flexible for future enhancements such as integrating real-time exchange APIs, adding a graphical interface, or expanding currency support. Thus, it stands as a meaningful example of applying Java programming to solve everyday financial needs.

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API-based rates., USD, Real-world, Exchange Rates

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is a significant step in the democratic structure of India. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is a significant step in the democratic structure of India. This proved to be a historic step. This amendment granted constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and strengthened public participation in rural governance. The most significant and far-reaching impact of this amendment was on women's political participation and social status. By providing women with reservations in Panchayats, they were constitutionally empowered to participate in the decision-making process, opening new avenues for their empowerment in rural society. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment ensured a minimum of 33 percent reservation for women at all levels: Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, and Zila Parishad. Reservations were also made for women from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. As a result, millions of women across the country emerged as elected representatives for the first time. This not only increased the number of women in political institutions but also enhanced their social identity and self-confidence. Women's participation in Panchayati Raj institutions made rural development priorities more humane and inclusive. Issues such as health, sanitation, drinking water, education, nutrition, and women and child welfare gained prominence on the Panchayats' agenda. Several studies have shown that women representatives have a better understanding of local needs and play a vital role in the effective implementation of social development

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 Keywords

Panchayati Raj, 73rd Constitutional Amendment, Women Empowerment, Reservation, Village Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad, political participation, leadership, decision-making, gender main ww equality, rural development, social justice, self-governance, Sarpanch, women representatives, education, health, mw sanitation, self-reliance, awareness, training, democracy, inclusion, rights, governance, social change, rural women, representation, empowered leadership, policy making, local govern

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 Abstract

Background: Pneumothorax is a common complication of navigational bronchoscopy for peripheral lung biopsies, occurring in 5-15% of cases. While high-concentration oxygen is known to accelerate resolution of spontaneous pneumothorax via nitrogen washout, its proactive intraoperative use as a mitigation strategy during bronchoscopy remains unexplored. Case Summary: A 56-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer underwent navigational bronchoscopy for biopsy of a 6-mm right middle lobe nodule. High-concentration oxygen was administered throughout the procedure. A moderate post-procedural pneumothorax was detected on chest X-ray but resolved significantly within 3 hours and completely by 24 hours without chest drain insertion. Serial imaging confirmed full resolution at 21-day follow-up. Conclusion: This case suggests that intraoperative high FiO? may harness the nitrogen washout effect to rapidly resolve iatrogenic pneumothorax, potentially avoiding invasive intervention. We propose a risk-stratified framework to guide targeted use--positioning oxygen not merely as a ventilatory support, but as an active safety lever in bronchoscopic lung biopsy.

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Keywords: navigational bronchoscopy; pneumothorax; nitrogen washout; high-concentration oxygen; peripheral lung biopsy; complication mitigation; FiO?; case report

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In all historical eras and among different peoples, a person's desire for self-expression and aesthetic decoration of their own appearance can be traced. In the absence of the necessary natural resources, people tried to create the desired forms by artificial means. In many cases, they used not their own hair, but alternative hair, which led to the development of the art of postiche (hair pieces made of natural or synthetic hair). At the present stage, a stylist-hairdresser cannot do without postiche products in the process of modeling and performing current hairstyles. Thanks to the use of alternative hair, it becomes possible to increase the volume of the hairstyle, lengthen the hair, complement the image with decorative elements made of hair, complex braids, avant-garde strands, chignons with extravagant coloring. In addition, postiche is actively used in combination with eyelash extensions, which contributes to the creation of a holistic, individual and artistically expressive image.

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alternative hair, hairdressing, fashion, style, modeling hairstyles, postiche products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In an era of intense competition, media clutter, and rising advertising costs, organizations are increasingly turning toward unconventional marketing strategies to capture consumer attention. Shadow marketing has emerged as a prominent yet controversial approach that enables firms to gain brand visibility without formal sponsorship or official association. This research paper presents an in-depth examination of shadow marketing, including its conceptual framework, historical evolution, strategic techniques, psychological underpinnings, ethical and legal considerations, and organizational impact in the digital economy. Through extensive theoretical discussion and real-world insights, the study highlights how shadow marketing influences consumer perception and decision-making while simultaneously challenging traditional notions of marketing ethics and sponsorship rights. The paper concludes that shadow marketing, when strategically and ethically managed, can serve as a powerful complementary marketing tool; however, irresponsible usage may lead to reputational damage and regulatory intervention.

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 Keywords

Shadow Marketing, Ambush Marketing, Consumer Psychology, Digital Strategy, Marketing Ethics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The large-scale generation of fly ash from coal-based thermal power plants presents serious environmental and land-use challenges. The present study investigates the development of fly ash reinforced polymer composites aimed at converting industrial waste into value-added engineering materials. Composite specimens were fabricated using a compaction-based technique followed by room-temperature curing, with fly ash content varied at 75 wt.%, 80 wt.%, and 85 wt.%. Mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness and compressive strength tests, while tribological performance was assessed under dry sliding conditions. Thermal conductivity measurements were conducted to examine insulation capability, and microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that hardness and wear resistance increase consistently with increasing fly ash content due to the ceramic nature of fly ash particles and improved load-sharing mechanisms. Compressive strength exhibited an optimum value at intermediate fly ash content, indicating a balance between reinforcement loading and matrix continuity. Thermal conductivity decreased significantly with higher fly ash content owing to hollow cenospheres, increased porosity, and interfacial thermal resistance. Microstructural observations confirmed uniform particle dispersion and effective interfacial bonding at optimum compositions. The study establishes a clear structure-property relationship and highlights the potential of fly ash reinforced polymer composites for structural, tribological, and thermal insulation applications

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Fly ash, Polymer composites, Mechanical properties, Tribological behavior, Thermal conductivity, Sustainable materials

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a major complication of diabetes, continues to be one of the primary causes of avoidable vision impairment worldwide. As the number of individuals living with diabetes rises and access to specialized eye care remains limited in many regions, the need for timely and accurate DR detection becomes increasingly urgent. This survey explores modern, intelligent solutions aimed at improving DR screening, with a focus on integrating RetinoBot--a conversational AI tool--and automated deep learning frameworks to streamline diagnosis and enhance patient experience. The paper reviews the application of state-of-the-art image analysis models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), both of which have shown high efficacy in interpreting retinal fundus images. It also examines how RetinoBot contributes to proactive patient involvement through features like health education, symptom reporting, and appointment scheduling, all delivered via natural language interaction. Furthermore, the role of Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) is analyzed for its ability to empower clinicians without coding expertise to develop, tune, and deploy DR detection models. By combining AI-powered chat interfaces with AutoML-driven diagnostics, this study highlights a scalable, patient-centric approach to DR management that promises to make eye care more efficient, inclusive, and personalized.

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Diabetic Eye Disease, RetinoBot System, AI-Powered Healthcare Chatbots, Self-Learning Deep Models, AutoML Techniques, Transformer-Based Vision Models, CNN-Based Image Processing, Retinal Image Interpretation, AI Solutions for Patient Engagement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition