Volume 11 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Academic stress refers to stress associated with the demands of education, including meeting academic requirements, pressure to perform, and anxiety about grades and assessments. This literature review will provide an overview of research on academic stress in higher education. It will begin with an explanation of stress and a discussion of models and theories that have been used to understand academic stress. The review will then summarize key findings from empirical studies on the sources and effects of academic stress and the factors that influence experiences of academic stress among university students. It will also review research on interventions and coping strategies used to manage academic stress. Academic stress is a significant issue negatively impacting the wellbeing, performance, and persistence of students in Indian higher education. Research indicates high levels of academic stressors related to factors like heavy workload, competition, exams pressure, parental pressures, lack of resources, and challenges adjusting to university life. Studies have linked academic stress to concerning effects including psychological distress, physical health problems, social isolation, poor academic satisfaction and achievement, and increased likelihood of dropout. In view of its detrimental impacts, developing effective interventions to help students manage academic stress represents an important priority. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) has potential as a strategy to reduce academic stress and promote adaptive coping. REBT focuses on identifying and modifying irrational beliefs that contribute to dysfunctional emotions/behaviors. Techniques include cognitive restructuring, disputation of irrational beliefs, and exercises like ABC analysis and rational self-dialogues. REBT has been applied in educational settings to target academic stress and outcomes like test anxiety and poor performance. Meta-analyses provide evidence that REBT effectively decreases academic stress and improves coping and achievement for students. A few studies conducted in India have demonstrated REBT can reduce academic stress, anxiety, perfectionism and dropout intentions while improving exam performance of school and university students. However, research explicitly testing effects of REBT programs for Indian university students remains limited. Existing studies exploring REBT for academic stress among Indian university students have notable limitations restricting strong conclusions about efficacy, acceptability, and generalizability. Limitations include small samples at single institutes, lack of controlled designs, minimal follow-up, insufficient consideration of cultural factors, and overrepresentation of certain groups like medical students. More rigorous research is critically needed to strengthen the evidence base around using REBT to address academic stress for diverse Indian university students.

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KEYWORDS. Academic Stress, REBT, Disputation, Intervention, Future Direction

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The present study was undertaken to find out the difference in climate change awareness among senior secondary school students in relation to their gender, stream and locality. The sample for the study was selected on the basis of random sampling. A sample of 200 senior secondary school students was taken from 10 schools of district Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, on the basis of a random sampling technique. The data were collected by using a climate change awareness test developed by the researcher itself. The investigator found that there is no significant difference in climate change awareness among senior secondary school students in relation to gender and stream, but a significant difference was found in locality.

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Key words - climate, climate change, and awareness

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BUNDELKHAND KI ' VIRANGANA ZALKARI BAAI ' KI SHORYA GATHA

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BUNDELKHAND KI ' VIRANGANA ZALKARI BAAI ' KI SHORYA GATHA

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Student's performance depends on their mental and physical strength. So assessing the student's mental health is noteworthy. The Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is a reliable and validated tool to assess the mental well-being of the student in India. This study assesses the WEMWBS and compares the scale with the demographic and social factors in India. The convenient sampling method of 200 girl students assessed WEMWBS. WEMWBS was significantly associated with the Family Affluence Score (WEMWBS increased with increasing household socio-economic status) and had an association with age, gender, or marital status. The derived conclusion has helped to improve the mental strength of the students in India. WEMWBS is a measure of mental thriving focusing inside and out on positive parts of mental well-being As a short and psychometrically vigorous scale, with no roof impacts in a populace test, it offers a guarantee as a device for observing mental prosperity at a populace level. While WEMWBS should engage those assessing emotional well-being advancement activities, the scale's affectability to change must be built up before it is prescribed in this unique circumstance.

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Student, Mental Wellness, Social, Economic variable etc.

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One significant source of possible medicinal chemicals is tr conventional medical care. Due to Tridax procumbens' potent inhibit the bacteria and destroy the fungi qualities, well, it is highly valued in tradtional medicine. The use of herbal medicines and interest in them has grown significantly in recent years, even in places with access to contemporary medical care. The present endeavor's objective is as to formulate and evaluate the extracts of Areca catechu and Tridax procumbens in ointment, cream, and gel formulations. The compositions made use of the methanolic extracts. Following formulation completion, the formulations' physicochemical characteristics, such as colour, smell, pH, spread ability, extrudability, consistency, diffusion analysis, solubility, and washability, were assessed. Commonly used as a therapeutic herb, Tridax procumbens most famous for being a widespread weed. and nuisance plant found all over India. The plant's chemical composition revealed that the leaves include a variety of alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, fumaric acid, and other compounds. Numerous pharmacological characteristics are present in their extract, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial or antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-cancerous, repellent, haemostatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, hypotensive, antioxidant effect, and bradycardiac effects. The plant Tridax procumbens, which has long been recognised for its antibacterial properties, contains large amounts of phenolic chemicals, which are secondary metabolites.

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Herbal medicine, healing property, formulation, extraction, pharmacognostic.

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Nephrolithiasis is defined as stones formed in kidney due to aggregation of crystals, usually containing calcium and phosphate in combination with small proteins1. Most of the renal calculi cases present with sycotic miasm predominantly. When these cases are treated homoeopathically according to the underlying miasm, cure can be achieved rapidly without any disharmony and even the recurrence can also be stopped.

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o Nephrolithiasis o Psora o Syphilis o Sycosis o Homeopathy o Constitution

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Child adoption, a complex and multifaceted process, is deeply rooted in culture, law, and social norms. In India, a country known for its rich diversity, the practice of adoption is subject to regional variations, cultural influences, and legal frameworks. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of child adoption practices in India, aiming to unravel the diverse factors that shape the adoption landscape across different regions. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from interviews and surveys. Through an extensive examination of adoption records and policy documents, we explore how child adoption is practiced in India. This analysis encompasses a wide range of aspects, from adoption rates and preferences to the legal frameworks and cultural beliefs that influence adoption decisions. The research findings highlight significant variations in adoption practices across India. These differences can be attributed to cultural traditions, social norms, and regional disparities. Through the analysis of quantitative data and qualitative narratives, we gain a nuanced understanding of how adoption practices differ between urban and rural areas, and diverse communities. The research paper also delves into the implications of these regional disparities, not only for the children being adopted but also for adopting parents and the broader society. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting cultural diversity while ensuring the best interests of children. Additionally, this study highlights the need for legal and policy reforms to address regional differences in adoption practices. It evaluates the role of adoption agencies, social workers, and advocacy groups in addressing these disparities and promoting more equitable adoption practices. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of adoption practices in India.

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Child Adoption, India, Adoption Practices, Regional Variations, Cultural Influences, Adoption Rates, Legal Framework, Adoption Preferences, Social Norms

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ABSTRACT Background: Dementia affect the caregivers as much as the patient or more. This causes disruptions in family routines and wellness of the family. Hence, it is strongly recommended for the caregivers to seek immediate help from professionals or experts in dementia care to gain further educational information on how to care for your loved ones and also on the various types of care that may be required. It is essential that care-givers should have appropriate knowledge and should be able to analyze needs of the dementia patient at home in order to make independent decisions regarding day to day care, to assist them in life process as well as to preserve their own mental health. Methodology: A pre experimental method was undertaken where 100 caregivers of dementia patient visiting selected outpatient departments in tertiary care hospital of metropolitan city were recruited as sample by non- probability convenient sampling method. Using structured questionnaire for knowledge (30 questions) data was collected. Data analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to describe and show the association between knowledge and the variables. Result: The study resulted that in pre-test 67% of the caregivers had poor knowledge (score 0-10) and 33% of caregivers had average knowledge (score 11-20) while in post-test 1% of the caregivers had poor knowledge (score 0-10), 37% of them had average knowledge (score 11-20) and 62% of them had good knowledge (score 21-30) regarding dementia and its home care. The comparisons of the pre- test and post- test means of the knowledge were done by the paired t test. Average knowledge score in pre-test was 9.3 which increased to 21.3 in post-test. t-value for this test was 47.6 with 99 degrees of freedom. Corresponding p-value was small (less than 0.05) the null hypothesis is rejected. Knowledge score in post-test was significantly high as compared to that in pre-test. Conclusion: The knowledge among caregivers regarding dementia and its home care improved significantly after an awareness program regarding dementia and its home care and it is recommended that frequent awareness programmes has to be arranged for caregivers of dementia patients.

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Key word: - Awareness programme, Dementia, Home care, Caregivers.

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Resources are critical to women's identity and livelihoods and autonomy, agency, and rights. Historically, due to gendered division of labour (GDL), patriarchal cultural norms and laws and economic inequalities, women in all their diversity have been denied equal access to resources such as education, health services, credit, land and technologies. Assessment of access to and control of resources has been a fundamental tool of women empowerment. According to Kishor (2006)" -Gender involves differences in power, both power to and power over". Just 29% of all internet users in the country are female, According to the reports of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) that the 42 percentage "digital gender gap" among internet users in India is far more extreme than the global divide. Across the world, 56% of all internet users were men in 2017, compared to 44% women. Importantly, men tend to have greater power than women, and, in some domains, even have power over women. The present paper illustrates with the help of secondary data that gender inequalities in access to the key resources of education and employment that capture women's access to other resources, including financial, health, and media resources, and also women's access to spaces outside their homes and decision making power in homes. These indicators all highlight significant constraints on women's access to all types of resources. This study also highlights the significant focus and resources given to initiatives on women's access to credit and other economic alternatives for women status building, from the grassroots.

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Gender division of labour (GDL), unequal accesses to resources, power over resources, women autonomy.

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This paper presents a novel multilevel inverter topology for overcoming some of the limitations of the existing topologies. The proposed MLI has a reduced quantity of power electronic switches, thus making is more efficient. The architecture may be expanded to a modular higher voltage level inverter, which uses less DC supplies and uses them correctly without the need of an extra H-bridge circuit. To determine their optimum capabilities, the proposed inverter parameters' simplified formulas are constructed. Furthermore, the extended model of the proposed architecture is used to generate an optimum PMLI design for lowering the total standing voltage (TSV) of the inverter. To demonstrate its advantages over recent MLIs of similar types, comparison studies are given to justify the proposed inverter. Through proper simulation, the MLI obtained a higher efficiency of 95.54%. On the other hand, the optimized 17-level version of PMLI obtained total harmonic distortions (THD) of only 5.15% which successfully attained IEEE 519 standard performance.

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Inverter, PMLI design ,Total standing Voltage

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