Volume 8 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The increasing complexity of the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits necessitates miniaturization and fabrication of the nano-scale device in the intricate manufacturing process. However, this had led to greater process variation, higher probability of defects and worsened the manufacturing yield. Various Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) tools available today employ powerful heuristics and are capable of generating efficient and compact test sets for a Circuit-Under-Test (CUT). These tools provide tests with high fault coverage, and identify redundant faults in the CUT to a large extent, even though the underlying problem is known to be computationally hard. But, the production tests are primarily aimed only for fault detection and they may not be very efficient for diagnosis. Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) are the most widely used pseudorandom Test Pattern Generators (TPGs) in Built-In Self-Test (BIST) systems. This proposes a combined testing methodology for the scan-based BIST. A smoother and Geffe generator are included in the TPG to reduce average power consumption during scan testing, while a group-based selection algorithm is employed for the scan-chain reorder in order to improve the fault coverage. The objective is to produce test pattern with good randomness; then the fault coverage will be better. Fault simulation is done using Xilinx. From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed methodology achieves better performance than the existing methods.

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 Keywords

Built-In Self-Test (BIST) System, Geffe Generator, Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), Smoother, Test Pattern Generator

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 Abstract

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a nanoscale computational fabric being explored by the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) research community due to the difficulties in the mounting of the CMOS transistors. This work uses QCA devices and uses those devices to build a simple field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA is a combination of multiple Configurable Logical Blocks (CLBs) tiled together. In this work, a novel XOR/XNOR-function logic gate with two inputs, two enable inputs and one output is proposed and designed in QCA nanotechnology. A design rule for specialized architecture design is presented using programmable devices and introduced a simulation engine tuned to efficiently simulate QCA circuits designed for this architecture. In order to demonstrate the functionality and capabilities of the proposed QCA based XOR/XNOR architecture, performance is evaluated and analyzed. The proposed XOR/XNOR logic gate has a superb performance in terms of area, complexity, power consumption and cost function in comparison to some existing QCA-based XOR architectures. Moreover, some efficient circuits based on the proposed XOR/XNOR gate are designed in QCA.

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 Keywords

Exclusive OR (XOR), Exclusive NOR (XNOR), Full Adder, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)

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 Abstract

It is time for updated with the world and technology that is constantly improving. But in an advancing country like Sri Lanka, technology is using sparingly. When it comes to transportation field there are lot of failures in vehicle transportation nowadays. Considering traffic reports and road accident reports within previous years [1], major reasons for traffic congestion and traffic accidents are drivers� negligence and inability to get services quickly. It will be very valuable if there is a system to capture road signs with locations. Then analyze location and camera capture details and store analyzed details to a real-time database on a cloud server. When a road sign is identified using CNN algorithm it will be screened in the vehicle and confirmed by a voice alert. And also it is very important to alert the drivers real-time if there is a bad condition on the road by redirects captured data to the web server and send notification to the upcoming vehicles about bad road conditions. Also it will be very useful if a system can recognize driver behavior real-time using image processing and alert few contacts that relative to driver when driver is an emergency situation.

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 Keywords

: Image Processing, Cloud server, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Network

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

SAMAGRA SIKSHA ABHIYAN

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SAMAGRA SIKSHA ABHIYAN

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Recent era demand for an innovative and fluctuation business is necessaries needs. E-commerce business boom growth in the asia and whole globe. Its success depends on their understanding of market timing, market strategy, changing trend and various factors. Present paper deal with brief idea about current E-Business situation, issues and challenges of E- Business. E-commerce is not only buying and selling products online but it�s also consist online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services after sale. E-commerce show tremendous growth in the economy. Large number of internet uses present in India however penetration of e-business is low compared to developed markets such as like US and the UK but is upward at a much faster rate with a huge amount of new entrants.

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E commerce, issues and challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the Internet of Things (IoT) perspective, conventional machines perform self determined and smart. Its solutions hold an improving demand for its devices that are connected and offered services. However, inherent features raise many challenges like poor interoperability,decentralization and challenges to address in the security domain . Now blockchain is given a attention that it is capable of providing solutions to IoT problems. Its use can be suitable in any financial situations also, blockchain gives guarantee for its work to be secured and resistant from privacy issues.Nonetheless, blockchains are power intensive and they provide low throughput, these are not suitable for power constrained IoT devices. To overcome these difficulties, blockchain is integrated with Industrial IoT, IoT 4.0 version, with credit based Proof of work mechanism. Repeated examination and results show that this system can provide data access control and proved to provide secure and effective IIoT services.To ensure confidentiality , data authority the board technique is intended to manage the accessibility to sensor information. Trust incorporation in distributed environments without the requirement for authorities is a major advancement that can technically develop change in numerous enterprises, IoT within them. The Objective here is to give a complete idea about the structure and activity of block chain and to examine how this innovation provides security and protection in IoT. This project work centers around this relationship, researches difficulties in blockchain IoT applications, and studies the most significant works to examine how blockchain might improve the IoT. In the early stages the result obtained is record processing, where the data is processed from resources together with its statistics and then the data is reported in the records with their hash values and their behavior is checked by checking their hash values. Hash value gets updated after the record gets updated, if old transactions hash value is displayed in the output then it is considered as �Abnormal behavior�, if the new hash value is displayed then it is considered as normal behavior. Symmetric exception values are recorded that are used for the security feature.

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 Keywords

Industrial IoT, blockchain, credit-based, proof-of-work,security, efficiency, privacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Compared to quantitative research, qualitative research has become commonly used in social science research. This is due to its characteristics that enable it to provide a deep understanding of the issues and problems of the social sciences according to their natural context, in addition to its ability to provide results that may contribute directly or indirectly to achieving a cognitive addition, either theoretical or applied in the field of human sciences. In view of the little of content dealing with qualitative research design - starting with defining the research problem, ending with presenting and discussing results in the field of social science research, in addition to the need for researchers in this field for a comprehensive and brief clarification of the procedures and steps of qualitative research design; Which enables them to use it in studying societal and humanitarian issues and problems, and their teaching methods, and thus find appropriate solutions and treatments for them. Accordingly, the present study aimed to shed light on the philosophical background of qualitative research, to define the concept and characteristics of qualitative research through clarifying the appropriate procedures and steps for designing qualitative research in social sciences research.

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Qualitative research, research philosophy, research design, social sciences

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Review plays an important role for consumer as well as for manufacturer, seller so this reviews are needed to be analyzed in such a manner so that it can give better results for effective usage the reviews data is huge so to analyze this data there are various types of techniques to be analyzed this review data. This paper studies various approaches & techniques to analyze the data & word embedding is also studied . A system is proposed to use Neural network, word embedding for review classification

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Word Embedding, Classification, Neural Network, Machine Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creativity means thinking to come up with original ideas in a new way. It expands our knowledge and experience from known to new. Their ability to organize perceptions and emotions is one of fluency, flexibility, originality, divergent thinking. Quality training and extensive creative expressions inspire and encourage creative thinking to make a substantial contribution to society. Therefore, the educational process should aim to develop children's creative skills. The study was carried out on one hundred Class X students, giving due representativeness to boys (50) and girls (50) and rural and urban communities. The study examined the creativity of secondary school pupils in the North 24Parganas Districts of West Bengal. Using stratified random sampling technique, the two rural and two urban secondary schools were chosen and students were chosen using simple random sampling technique. The descriptive survey method is used to collect data using the creativity test developed by B.K.Passi.

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Creativity, Secondary School Students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In traditional control charts, all data should be exactly known, whereas there are many quality characteristics that cannot be expressed in numerical scale, such as characteristics for appearance, softness, and colour. Fuzzy sets theory is powerful mathematical approach to analyse uncertainty, ambiguous and incomplete that can linguistically define data in these situations (Sogandi et.al., 2014). Fuzzy control charts have been extended by converting the fuzzy sets associated with linguistic or uncertain values into scalars regarded as representative values. In this paper, we develop a new fuzzy control chart for fraction defectives with an example.

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 Keywords

Fuzzy, Fuzzy control chart and Process capability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition