Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Abstract Education is an indispensable need of mankind. It aims at educating the masses to become better citizens and more useful members of society. The district of Sambalpur had played an important role in the field of education and social consciousness during the British rule. Prior to the beginning of first half of the Nineteenth Century, Sambalpur became a main centre for learning in Western Odisha. The primary education was introduced in the district very early. Many of the indigenous school were opened in various placed of Sambalpur. The Secondary and Western education in the district was introduced after the foundation of Zilla School in 1852 at the town of Sambalpur. It is the oldest school in the district. There has been a steady advanced in the education of girls in the Sambalpur district. The Government paid very little attention to backward classes before 1905. After the National Movement for freedom, education of the backward classes received some considerable from the government. First time in Sambalpur district, the untouchable caste pupils were allowed to all general schools. Muhammdans form a very small minority in Sambalpur and Urdu School of Sambalpur is the oldest school in Western Odisha. The present work is the first historical study, strictly speaking of the "Growth of Education and Social Consciousness in Sambalpur during British Rule: - A Retrospect."

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Keywords: - Agitation, Conciliatory, Elite, Hirakhanda, Plucking.

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For one of the fastest developing countries of the world like India, economic growth and development are the major areas of concern but political development is similarly important which cannot be overlooked. Any discussion regarding political development in India raises the concern about the challenges before political development of the country. Therefore, this paper tries to enquire into the nature of political development in India, explore the major challenges before political development in India and suggest some ways to tackle these challenges.

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Political Development, Political Development in India

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This paper presents a biometric payment system using fingerprint authentication integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to enable secure and cashless transactions. The system authenticates users based on unique fingerprint patterns, eliminating the need for cards, PINs, or passwords. Upon successful verification, payment transactions are processed in real time through a connected database or cloud platform. The proposed system enhances transaction security, reduces fraud, and improves user convenience. Overall, it provides a low-cost, reliable, and scalable solution for modern digital payment applications.

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Biometric Payment System, Fingerprint Authentication, ESP32 Microcontroller, Secure Transactions

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to modern artificial intelligence applications, yet their effectiveness strongly depends on how user instructions are formulated. Prompt engineering has emerged as a practical technique to guide model behavior without modifying model parameters or performing additional training. This paper presents an empirical benchmarking study of widely used prompt engineering strategies across multiple large language models, including both proprietary and open-source architectures. The study examines zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought, role-based, and structured prompting techniques using diverse evaluation tasks such as logical reasoning, text summarization, and code generation. Model performance is evaluated based on accuracy, consistency of responses, and computational latency. Experimental results demonstrate that prompt engineering consistently improves task performance across all models, with chain-of-thought and structured prompts showing the most notable gains. Additionally, smaller and open-source models benefit more significantly from optimized prompts when compared to advanced models with strong baseline capabilities. The findings confirm that prompt engineering is a low-cost, model-agnostic approach for enhancing LLM performance and provide practical guidance for selecting effective prompting strategies in real-world deployments.

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- Large Language Models, Prompt Engineering, Performance Evaluation, Chain-of-Thought, Benchmarking

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In the context of increasing globalization and competitive pressures, organizations are increasingly reliant on effective human resource management (HRM) practices to enhance organizational performance. This study examines the relationship between selected HRM practices--employee incentives, training, selective hiring, job security, and decentralization--and organizational performance, drawing on Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV). Data were collected from 430 respondents and analyzed using reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques. Reliability results confirmed acceptable to good internal consistency for all constructs. Correlation analysis revealed that all HRM practices were positively and significantly associated with organizational performance. However, multiple regression results indicated that only decentralization and self-managed teams had a significant positive effect on organizational performance when controlling for other HRM practices. Incentives, training, job security, and selective hiring did not show significant positive effects in the multivariate model, with selective hiring exhibiting a significant but negative relationship. The findings underscore the importance of empowerment-oriented HRM practices and suggest that decentralization plays a critical role in enhancing organizational performance.

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Human Resource Management, Strategic HRM, Organizational Performance, Decentralization, Employee Empowerment

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Abstract Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience significant challenges in school participation due to motor impairments, postural difficulties, and environmental barriers within educational settings. Limited accessibility, inadequate classroom design, and lack of appropriate assistive equipment can restrict their engagement in academic, social, and Objective: The present study aimed to examine the role of assistive equipment and environmental adaptations in enhancing school participation among children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A school-based, quasi-experimental pre-post study design was employed involving children diagnosed with cerebral palsy attending inclusive school settings. Participants received individualized assistive equipment (such as adaptive seating, mobility aids, writing supports, and classroom access tools) along with targeted environmental adaptations, including classroom layout modifications, accessibility enhancements, and task-specific environmental restructuring.. Results: Post-intervention findings demonstrated a significant improvement in school participation, including enhanced engagement in classroom activities, improved task performance, greater independence in mobility and self-care within the school environment, and increased social interaction with peers. Environmental adaptations reduced physical and contextual barriers, while assistive equipment supported functional performance and sustained participation across academic tasks. Conclusion: The study highlights that the combined use of assistive equipment and environmental adaptations plays a crucial role in promoting meaningful school participation among children with cerebral palsy. Integrating these strategies within inclusive school settings can facilitate accessibility, functional independence, and active engagement, thereby supporting participation-focused, child-centered educational practices.

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Keywords: Cerebral palsy, assistive equipment, environmental adaptations, school participation, inclusive education, occupational therapy.

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The growing demand for sustainable and reliable energy systems has increased the importance of renewable energy-based microgrid development. In Vietnam, microgrid planning involves complex decision making processes that require balancing economic feasibility, technical performance, and environmental sustainability. This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a multi-criteria decision-making framework to evaluate and rank alternative microgrid configurations, including solar, wind, battery-based, and hybrid solar-wind-battery systems. Expert judgments were collected and structured into pairwise comparison matrices to determine the relative importance of evaluation criteria and alternatives. The results indicate that solar-based microgrid systems achieve the highest overall priority due to their favorable environmental performance and competitive cost characteristics under Vietnam's climatic conditions. Wind-based systems rank second, while hybrid configurations demonstrate strong technical performance but are constrained by higher investment costs and environmental considerations. Battery-only systems are found to be less suitable as standalone solutions. The findings provide a transparent decision support tool for energy planners, industrial managers, and policymakers, contributing to informed microgrid development and sustainable energy planning in Vietnam.

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Microgrid, Renewable Energy, AHP, MCDM, Solar Energy, Vietnam, Environmental Impact

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Inclusion financial inclusion has become one of the key pillars of an inclusive growth process in India, and digital banking is considered to be the most scalable channel to narrowing the urban-rural gap. Karnataka is the state with a high concentration of rural population and a dense network of regional rural banks and cooperative institutions, which has experienced a rapid growth in the number of Jan Dhan accounts, Aadhaar-based payment systems and UPI-based transactions. The present paper describes financial inclusion using the concept of digital banking in rural Karnataka as a secondary research based on the main sources like RBI surveys, NABARD surveys, government reports and recent empirical literature. Chi-square and t-tests are used to test association and mean differences hypotheses. The findings suggest that there are great variations in the levels of adoption in the districts, and the more the district is highly digitally used, the higher the inclusion score, which proves the enabling nature of digital channels. Nevertheless, network gaps, low digital literacy, fear of fraud and language problems have become a barrier to the absolute exploitation of digital services. According to the study, it is necessary to supplement infrastructure and product innovations with specific digital literacy, customer protection systems, and vernacular interfaces in rural Karnataka. The results provide policy-relevant information to banks, regulators and state agencies that aim at enhancing digital financial inclusion at the last mile.

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Digital Payments, Banks, Rural Area, Karnataka, Policy, Literacy.

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By placing the Joothan by Omprakash Valmiki and Karukku by Bama in the frameworks of intersection among trauma, memory, and citizenship, this paper examines how the process of untouchability is represented in these Dalit autobiographies. The two readings indicate that caste violence does not merely exist in the form of blatant discrimination but it also takes place in the form of day-to-day social activities in which long-lasting psychological and physical injuries are inflicted. The paper states that through these daily experiences of humiliation at school, in the religious venue, and the village community, it makes the experience of being humiliated a constant form of trauma instead of a suffering instance. Memory consequently becomes a vital tool of narrative whereby these authors re-write their childhood experience and their early adulthood with critical consciousness informed by their subsequent political awareness. With an account of untouchability presented through the prism of lived experience, Joothan and Karukku challenge the mainstream nationalist discourse which glorifies citizenship as an unproblematic and universal legal category. Rather, these writings reveal the disjunction between the constitutional principles and the social facts and show how Dalits are constantly denied a status of full citizenship even when they are formally equal. Even the process of writing about oneself turns into an assertion of agency and personal suffering is made into a people-wide reproach against caste-based exclusion. As argued in this paper, Dalit life writing would redefine citizenship not as the ability to be included under the law but the right to dignity, voice and social presence. By predicting trauma as an individual and a political state, the paper underlines the way Dalit autobiographies represent the counter-narratives, which rebuke hegemonic histories and require a more inclusive interpretation of postcolonial Indian democracy.

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Dalit autobiography; untouchability; trauma and memory; caste and citizenship; lived experience; Joothan; Karukku

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Total Quality Management (TQM) has gained significant importance as an integrated management philosophy aimed at continuous improvement and long-term organizational success. In the highly competitive and service-intensive banking industry, maintaining superior service quality has become essential for customer satisfaction and sustainability. This conceptual paper examines the principles of Total Quality Management and explores major TQM practices relevant to banks in India. Drawing upon an extensive review of academic journals, research articles, and standard e-books on quality management, the study identifies key practices such as leadership commitment, customer orientation, employee participation, training and development, continuous improvement, process management, and performance measurement. The paper highlights the role of TQM in improving service quality and organizational effectiveness in Indian banks while also identifying key challenges associated with its implementation. The study provides theoretical insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers and offers a foundation for future empirical investigations.

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Total Quality Management; TQM Practices; Indian Banking Sector; Service Quality; Customer Satisfaction

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