Volume 11 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

In recent years, artificial intelligence and machine learning has made major strides in the field of medicine. The medical sector requires a high level of accountability and transparency. Reliable machine decisions and predictions require explanations to justify their outcomes. This necessitates increased interpretability and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of algorithms. However, the black box nature of deep learning remains a challenge, leading to limited comprehension of many machine decisions. The reason radiologists are weary of using AI is because they do not trust model predictions without any form of explainability. Thus, we aim to create a system that not only focuses on interpretability and explainability but also has a high enough accuracy to make it reliable enough to be trusted and used by radiologists.

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 Keywords

artificial intelligence, machine learning, black box, explainability, transparency, interpretablility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Every silk industry has a value-added chain from silkworm eggs to fabrics or finished garments. In this chain, every activity has its own importance and specialized knowledge is required to perform each and every activity. Different activities in the supply chain are widely spread all over the state. The activities performed in the areas formed clusters such as clusters of Cocoons production, Silk Reeling, Spinning, Dying, and Weaving. All the activities are interdependent with each other. But the linkage among all the players of the chain is established by some intermediaries or traders. Blockchain can provide supply chain transparency also it reduces risk and cost across the supply chain. We proposed a more secure method to supply chain management for silk production using Blockchain technology. Security and transparency will be provided through a face recognition hardware device and QR scanner. Customers can see details of all stages of silk production. Due to such transparency in the system, the silk business will increase and farmers and all units of a cluster will benefited.

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 Keywords

Blockchain, silk production

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Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea(FHA) is a condition with multifactorial pathophysiology affecting the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. This happens due to the Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO) axis disruption, leading to the persistent cause of amenorrhea. Several factors such as Psychosocial stress, weight loss, diet with calorie restriction, excessive exercise or a combination of these acts as triggers. Young women with FHA often struggle to manage stress and are prone to mood swings, depression and anxiety. Since FHA causes hormonal disturbances, chronic hypoestrogenemia results in a negative influence on growth of bones. Low levels of estrogen inhibits the gene expression of osteoprotegerin and influences the apoptosis of osteoblasts. In addition to this, hypoestrogenemia also delays the formation of bone growth factors and bone remodelling. This in turn reduces bone mineral density, making them more fragile and vulnerable to the risk of fractures. Furthermore it poses risks to cardiovascular health and reproductive well-being. Treatment includes an interdisciplinary approach to address bone health, psychological support, nutritional deficiencies and fertility support. Restoring hormonal imbalance and ensuring overall well-being are the key factors of management.

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 Keywords

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea(FHA), Gonadotropin releasing hormone, Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO)axis, Hypoestrogenemia, Bone mineral density, Cardiovascular health, Hormonal imbalance

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The purpose of this research paper is to examine how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh support women's empowerment. Because of the distinct socioeconomic and geographic features of Himachal Pradesh, women face a variety of opportunities and problems. For this reason, it is critical to assess the NGO initiatives that have been put in place to improve the status and agency of women in the area. The study uses a thorough methodology, integrating qualitative and quantitative techniques, to evaluate the effects of different projects run by non-governmental organizations in Himachal Pradesh.

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 Keywords

Women empowerment, Non-Governmental Organizations, Himachal Pradesh, Gender Equality, Socio-economic Development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background of the study Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cells, can originate in almost in any tissue of the body. According to cancer Research UK, there are about 60 different organ tissues in the body where cancer can originate. Among all the Cancers the leading cause for cancer death in women is cervical cancer next to breast cancer. As per the WHO statistics, cervical cancer kills over 33,000 women in India annually and about one fourth of the world's cervical cancer patients reside in India.1 Cervical cancer is malignancy of the cervix, it is one of the most common cancer affecting women of all ages. The cervix is the narrow portion of the uterus where it joins the top of the vagina. Most cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, arising in the squamous (flattened) epithelial cells that line the cervix. Adenocarcinoma, arising in glandular epithelial cells is second most common type, cancer can arise very rarely in other types of cells in the cervix.2 Aim of the study:To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and self reported practice regarding cervical cancer and its prevention among reproductive age group women. Methodology: A "Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research" research design was used. The present study was conducted in selected rural area of vijayapur, district. The sample size for the present study is 120 selected through Quota sampling technique. Results: Majority 43.3% of respondents are in the age group of 15 - 25 years, and 66.7% of the respondents are Hindus, majority 32.5% of the respondents had non formal education, majority 43.3% of the respondents are in private job,42.5% of the respondents are having >20000 income per month, 45.8% of the respondents are married, 43.3% of the respondents were unmarried and no children, 58.7% of the respondents are belongs to nuclear family, 54.2% of the respondents were not using any contraceptive methods, Majority 50.8% of the respondents were never heard about cervical cancer.In the pre-test prior to the administration of structured teaching programme data reflects that out of 120 reproductive age group women, in pre test score 100% had inadequate knowledge score and no one had moderately adequate knowledge score and in post test score 47.5% had adequate knowledge score, 52.5% had moderately adequate knowledge score and there were no respondents with inadequate post test knowledge scores. In pre test self reported practice score, 95% had low self reported practice and very few 5% had high self reported practice and post test score 79.2% had high self reported practice and 20.8% had low self reported practice score regarding cervical cancer and its prevention.There is a significant association found between pre tests knowledge scores of respondents with the selected demographic variables such as age (?2 =23.85(P=0.0001), Religion(?2=8.477(P=0.037), Education (?2 =95.20(P=0.0001), Occupation (?2 = 44.42 (P=0.0001), Income (?2 =50.07(P=0.0001), Marital status (?2 =51.76(P=0.0001), No of children (?2 = 59.18(P=0.0001), Contraceptive used (?2 =15.52(P=0.0001), Heard about cervical cancer (?2 =91.70(P=0.0001), Sources of information (?2 =8.359(P=0.015). There is a significant association between self reported practice scores with Education (?2 =8.409(P=0.03), No of children (?2 = 11.87(P=0.018), Contraceptive used (?2 =1.107(P=0.575), Heard about cervical cancer (?2 =2.188(P=0.138), Sources of information (?2 =8.359(P=0.015).

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 Keywords

Structured teaching programme, knowledge, self reported practice, cervical cancer, reproductive age group women.

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An unforgettable star in the world of modern Bengali fiction is Pratibha Bose. The pen of the self-promotional yet strong self-confessed writer effortlessly captures the picture of the low-class, middle-class lifestyle. She has also shown the happiness and sorrow of the neglected, oppressed women. Non-Aryans lady has placed the character Draupadi of Mahabharata next to Non-Aryans, black girls. Her pen did not stop only doing on sketch of daily life. The oil painting of memory on the canvas of heart while traveling abroad with her husband has been used in her travel literature. There will be an opportunity to find the uniqueness of her creation in the main article under discussion.

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Index words: 'Swadharma', thought-consciousness, sense of life, religion and non-religion, non-Aryans, feminist, independent.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? (?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????)? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????1 ??? ?????????, ???-????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? "???????????" ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? 17??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? '??? ?????' ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???2 "?????-??????" ??????? ????????? (Euthanasia) ???? ?? ????? (??????) ?????? '??' (Eu=?????) ?? '???????' (Thanatos= ??????) ?? ???? ??? ??, ????? ??????? ???? ?? '????? ??????'?3 ?????? "????? ??????" ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???4 ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??, ?? "???? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ???"5

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???????????: ?????? ????????????

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Abstract: This research paper examines the intricate relationship between economic growth and unemployment, aiming to shed light on the multifaceted dynamics that govern these two critical aspects of a nation's economy. The paper explores various theories, empirical evidence, and policy implications to provide a comprehensive understanding of how economic growth impacts unemployment rates and vice versa. By analyzing historical data, case studies, and existing literature, the research aims to contribute valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and stakeholders in devising strategies that foster sustainable economic development while addressing the challenges of unemployment.

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Employment,Growth, Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Leadership is a factor in improving organisational performance. However, the role autocratic leadership plays in contributing to the performance of organisations in Nigeria's manufacturing sector had not been sufficiently explored. The leadership style was based on subordinates carrying out orders amid lack of enough requisite skilled labour for production purposes. It was on this basis that this study investigated the effect of autocratic leadership style on the performance of selected food and beverages manufacturing companies in South-West, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Slovin's formula was used for obtaining the sample size. Stratified sampling technique was the basis for classifying the employees into levels - top management, middle management, and low-level workers while simple random sampling was adopted in collecting data from each level. The predictor and outcome variables were measured on a four-point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 4. The results of the study indicated positive effect (? = .712, t = 13.428, p < 0.05) of autocratic leadership style on corporate performance. The implication of the results was that autocratic leadership style had the potential to boost the market share of the studied companies. It led to attaining goals in the companies. However, the value of the coefficient of determination, .325, indicated poor predictive ability of the regression model. Based on the findings of the study, the conclusion was that it was necessary for the studied companies to explore the potential contribution of other leadership styles to performance. This would enable the companies to determine the extent of emphasis to place on individual leadership styles in the process of pursuing corporate goals.

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 Keywords

Autocratic Leadership Style, Corporate Performance, Leadership, Leadership Styles, Market Share

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Composite membranes of All- purpose flour and S-PEEK (Sulphonated-polyetheretherketone) was prepared using solution casting and solvent evaporation method .The prepared membranes were thus characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) to verify sulfonation. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to investigate the thermal stability of the sulfonated membranes. Surface morphology and tensile strength were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UTM, respectively. Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), which is a measure of proton conductivity was evaluated and found to be comparable with the commercially available NafionTM membranes. The membranes showed sufficient thermal stability also, the water uptakes and swelling ratios of the composite membrane increased with increase in the weight percent of the reinforcement. The membrane was assessed for its potential at different weight percent of All-purpose flour to serve as proton exchange membranes (PEM) in fuel cells and the results were promising.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SPEEK, PEMFC, Composite polymer membranes

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition