Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This action research investigates the challenges faced by 7th standard students in understanding fractions and evaluates the effectiveness of activity-based instructional strategies in improving their conceptual learning. The study was motivated by common difficulties such as misconceptions about fraction size, confusion between numerator and denominator, weak visualization skills, and limited real-life connections. A purposive sample of five students from Rotary West School, Mysore, who scored below 10 in the pre-test, was selected. Using a one-group pre-test and post-test experimental design, the researcher implemented four interventions: chart-based explanation, real-life demonstrations, ICT-supported instruction, and hands-on activities involving fraction strips, paper folding, number lines, and digital tools. Analysis of post-test results revealed significant improvement in student performance, indicating that visual, concrete, and technology-integrated strategies effectively enhanced students' conceptual understanding of fractions. The study concludes that meaningful, activity-oriented teaching approaches help reduce misconceptions and strengthen foundational mathematical skills.

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 Keywords

Fractions, Misconceptions, Activity-Based Learning, Visual Learning Strategies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Balancing chemical equations is a fundamental skill in chemistry, essential for understanding the law of conservation of mass. However, 9th standard students often face difficulties due to weak conceptual understanding, limited mathematical skills, reliance on rote learning, and inadequate exposure to interactive teaching methods. This study investigates the specific problems students encounter while balancing chemical equations and explores effective pedagogical strategies to enhance conceptual understanding and problem-solving abilities. Using a quantitative research method with an experimental design, a sample of six 9th standard students from Kamadhenu Convent, Mysore, participated in an action research intervention. Five interactive activities, including storytelling, equation puzzle cards, hands-on atom models, "What's Missing?" games, and error detective exercises, were implemented. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess learning outcomes. Findings indicate significant improvement in students' ability to recognize and balance chemical equations, develop logical reasoning, and engage actively in learning. The study concludes that activity-based, visual, and stepwise teaching strategies effectively reduce misconceptions, increase confidence, and foster mastery in balancing chemical equations. Recommendations include regular practice, peer learning, and reinforcement of the law of conservation of mass to support conceptual clarity and sustained learning in chemistry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Balancing chemical equations, Conceptual understanding, Activity-based learning, Problem-solving skills

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the difficulties ninth-grade students face in remembering mathematical theorem statements and evaluates the effectiveness of activity-based strategies in improving recall. The research followed an experimental design with four students from Sri Gokula School, Mysuru. A researcher-developed pre-test and post-test containing objective and short-answer items measured recall levels. Pre-test results showed low retention due to weak conceptual understanding, reliance on rote memorization, limited interaction, and difficulty with mathematical language. An action plan using five activities-Theorem Memory Card, Theorem Quiz Bowl, Jigsaw Group Activity, Chalk Talk Theorem Walk, and Theorem Bingo was implemented. Post-test scores revealed clear improvement, demonstrating that visual, collaborative, and recall-oriented methods enhance understanding and long-term retention of theorem statements.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Geometry learning, experimental study, memory enhancement strategies, interactive teaching methods.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Particularly in countries like India where the juvenile justice system strikes a balance between accountability and rehabilitation, legal education has a revolutionary impact on legislation, policy, and advocacy for young offenders. This study looks at how legal education affects the creation of juvenile justice policy and advocacy through curricula, therapeutic programs, empirical research, moot courts, community initiatives, and multidisciplinary collaborations. Additionally, it examines obstacles, changes, international practices, and potential avenues for enhancing the relationship between education, policy, and advocacy. Using a multifaceted research approach, the study shows that legal education is a dynamic process that generates knowledgeable advocates, politicians, researchers, and judicial minds that contribute to a juvenile justice system that is more evidence-based and compassionate.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Legal Education, Juvenile Justice System,Juvenile Offenders, Child Rights, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fruits and vegetables are very important and have dietary and nutritional qualities. It has been known that fruits and vegetables plays a vital role in human nutrition by supplying the necessary growth factors such as vitamins and essential minerals in human daily diet and that can help to keep a good and normal health. In India the loss of fruits and vegetables due to storage fungi is very high. In the present study, main emphasis has been laid on the isolation and identification of fungi directly responsible for storage rots in markets. Towards a better understanding of the ecological relationships of the pathogenic mycoflora causing market diseases, it was thought necessary to study the general surface mycoflora of fruits and vegetables. Contamination of fruits and vegetables takes place at all stages of processing if proper sanitary and hygiene conditions are not maintained (Beuchat, 1995). The present investigations were carried to study the isolation, identification and characterization of fungi associated with the fruits and vegetables of Davanagere market. Literature survey reveals that the merge report in diversity of fungi present in fruits and vegetables of Davanagere market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Isolation, Mycoflora, Fruit, Vegetable, Davanagere

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Parkour training, psychomotor abilities, agility, coordination, sports performance, randomized controlled trial

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The problem of child labor is a serious challenge in the backward districts of Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, and Udaipur in southern Rajasthan. Poverty, illiteracy, and social inequalities among tribal communities in these areas lead to the employment of children.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Child Labour, Child Labour Prohibition Act, Right to Education, Rehabilitation Policy, Tribal Communities, Administrative Action.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper looks at how the English literature syllabus in Indian universities is still heavily influenced by the country's colonial past. Even today, most courses give more importance to British writers and Western ideas, while Indian and regional voices are often pushed to the side or offered only as optional papers. By studying different university syllabi, this paper shows how the structure of the courses, the choice of texts, and the way students are assessed still follow patterns set during colonial times. Although recent discussions talk about "decolonising" education, real change has been slow because the basic framework of the syllabus has not been updated. This study explains why this colonial burden continues and suggests practical steps universities can take to make the English syllabus more inclusive, balanced, and relevant for Indian students today.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Colonial burden; English syllabus; Indian universities; curriculum design; decolonisation; literature teaching

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The global ascent of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) promises enhanced efficiency and access to justice but poses profound challenges for governance, ethics, and fairness. This paper contends that the development of regulatory standards and ethical guardrails for ODR is not converging on a universal model but is instead fracturing along distinct philosophical and political lines. Through a comparative policy analysis of the United States, the European Union, China, and India, this study identifies four divergent governance paradigms: the decentralized, market-driven model of the U.S.; the rights-based, regulatory model of the EU; the state-integrated, stability-focused model of China; and the leapfrogging, access-to-justice model of India. The analysis shows that each jurisdiction's legal traditions and policy agendas define basic trade-offs between efficiency and due process, innovation and consumer protection, state control and individual rights, and scalability and inclusivity. The U.S. model prioritizes market innovation at the risk of power imbalances; the EU sets high rights standards while potentially stifling technological adoption; China achieves unprecedented scale through state control, raising transparency and data sovereignty concerns; and India's nascent, inclusive-focused model battles the digital divide. The article finds that fragmentation hinders cross-border dispute resolution and global digital justice. It suggests that future international standards should focus on a flexible framework of minimum core principles like algorithmic accountability, meaningful access, and interoperability that can accommodate different governance philosophies while maintaining fairness. The findings show that ODR governance's future is political and will affect the rule of law in the digital era.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), Regulatory Governance, Comparative Law, Access to Justice, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Ethics, United States, European Union, China, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vinca species, especially Vinca minor and Catharanthus roseus, represent medicinally useful plants with a variety of bioactive indole alkaloids, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Vinca minor contains vincamine, which is a cerebrovasodilatory and neuroprotective alkaloid also in common use for cognitive disorders. On the other hand, Catharanthus roseus produces potent anticancer alkaloids such as vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, and vindesine. These represent a number of pharmacological activities that include cytotoxicity, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Recent phytochemical investigation has shown that environmental conditions seem to play a vital role in the alkaloid composition of Vinca plants; therefore, advanced techniques like chromatography and spectroscopy are needed to isolate and quantify bioactive metabolites. Therapeutic benefits from Vinca alkaloids have led to their current global application in cancerous disorders, hypertension, diabetes, dermatology, malaria, and microbial infections. At the same time, recent studies have highlighted vinflunine, and semisynthetic vincamine analogs possessing improved efficacy and safety. This review will provide an overview of the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical significance of Vinca alkaloids, which certainly represent an indispensable natural source in the ongoing development of novel drugs for neuroprotection, oncology, and modern herbal therapies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Alkaloids, Catharanthus Roseus, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Micropropagation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition