Volume 8 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Background: Adverse drug reactions reporting in India are inadequate due to lack of awareness in patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). The main objective of this study to identify and characterize adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) of a newly established tertiary care teaching hospital in south Rajasthan. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study conducted in 910 patients who experienced ADRs in ICU from October 2018- March 2019. ADRs were classified based on Naranjo�s probability scale, Modified Hartwig�s criteria of severity and Schumock�Thornton preventability scale. Further, ADRs were analyzed in terms of age group, gender, organ system and number of drugs involved. Results: Out of 910 study patients, 127 patients (13.95%) developed 152 ADRs. Antimicrobials drugs were suspected to have caused the majority (37.5%) of the ADRs. The most affected organ systems were the gastrointestinal system (42%) and dermatological system (25%). Number of patients with ADRs was significantly more in patients (48.9%) prescribed ?10 drugs. On the causality scale, 58% ADRs were probably related to suspected medications. About 88% ADRs were probably preventable and 57% ADRs were moderately severe. Conclusion: Majority of ADRs are possible in ICU setup. Based on the findings a rigorous study is recommended to determine the burden and identify the risk factors of adverse drug reactions to target interventions. Importance of such studies and need for creating awareness among health professionals about looking for and reporting such reactions.

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 Keywords

Adverse drug reactions, Intensive care unit, Antibiotics, Prospective study

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The present study narrates the history of the political, social, and economic history of Tamil Nadu from the Sangam age to the Paligar rule. Archaeological evidence shows that the ancient Tamil dynasties trade contacts with South Asian and European countries. The popular handicrafts of the Sangam period like weaving, metal works and carpentry, shipbuilding and, making ornaments using beads, stones, and ivory were commodities of internal and external trade. The port city of Puhar became an emporium of foreign trade, as big ships entered this port with precious goods. Other ports of commercial activity include Tondi, Musiri, Korkai, Arikkamedu, and Marakkanam. More than 2500 years ago Tamil kingdoms had carried out extensive trade with the West. External trade had been revived during the period of Pallavas. The foreign merchants were known as Nanadesi. Mamallapuram, Vasavasamudram, and Mylapore were the important seaports of the Pallavas. Rapid changes in the political situation of the rest of India occurred due to incursions of Muslim armies from the northwest and the decline of the three ancient dynasties during the 14th century, the Tamil country became part of the Vijayanagara Empire. The greatest of the Maratha rulers was Serfoji II (1798� 1832). Serfoji devoted his life to the pursuit of culture and Thanjavur became renowned as a seat of learning. The administration of the southern districts of Tamil Nadu was fragmented with hundreds of Poligars or Palayakkarars governing a few villages each. Trade and industrial activities of south Indians welcomed by western countries before the Industrial revolution.

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 Keywords

Tamil Kingdoms, trade, industry, contact with Rome and Greek, rapid changes , Vijayanagar, Marathas, Poligars

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Collected three species of Homonoia from Andhra Pradesh which consists of three in the world; taxonomic, ecological and conservation status have been provided for all species. And Homonoia intermedia new distribution to Andhra Pradesh.

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Homonoia, three species, intermedia, new reocrd, Andhra Pradesh, India, World.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The methods and techniques with respect to medical image analysis have improved over the years from time taking manual analysis to the point where image analysis can be done with minimal amount of human interaction. Deep learning has emerged to be a promising technique apart from the other machine learning algorithms because of its precision, efficiency and accuracy. It is being implemented into the different imaging tasks namely, classification, segmentation and registration. This review paper will be concentrating on the classification techniques used primarily in medical imaging.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Medical Imaging, Image Classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm FANI was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Odisha since the 1999 Odisha super cyclone. The highest wind speed was 250 km/h. It took place on 3rd and 4th May 2019. The cyclone �FANI� has affected the water supply and distribution in the affected areas of Odisha. It has affected severely three districts Cuttack, Khordha and Puri. Water is considered as most important life supporting natural resource. Two important parameters of water are quantity and quality. Quantity and quality of water both affect human health in different ways. Water quality is the condition of water relative to the requirement of one or more biotic species and human need or purpose .The water should be tested once each year for Total Coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH values. The present investigation is aimed at assessing the current water quality standard of the river MAHANADI in terms of physicochemical parameters after the cyclone FANI. The different parameters measured in the present study are pH, DO, Total Hardness, BOD, COD and Total Coliform.

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 Keywords

Mahanadi, pH, DO, Total Hardness, BOD, COD, Total Coliform

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The contagious disease which brought several challenges to entire human community in 2019 has created a history in the 21st Century. World Health Organization announced a name for the new coronavirus disease as COVID-19 on 11 February 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan, China in 2019 reached to the 175 countries by March 2020 and is still accelerating in different parts across the world. This pandemic has become a serious concern for the governments and for the people of different countries that has affected economy, society, environment, and human behavioral pattern. Amidst the National Lockdown during the pandemic, India is facing and dealing with several challenges. The number of patients of COVID-19 are increasing day-by-day and Medical experts are still struggling to get coronavirus vaccine. Lifestyles of people have changed a lot in a very short span of time. The paper deals with the challenges and impact of COVID-19. The paper also focuses on lifestyle of human community due to the pandemic in special context of India.

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Contagious Disease, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Human Community, Pandemic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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City spaces are usually perceived in connection with cityscapes and thereby it revolves around dynamic spaces which people share together. The predominance of public spaces in the city often homogenise diverse experiences in those shared spaces through subjectivation and simultaneity. But the anonymity that a city provides ensures privacy even in the most public spaces. The experiences in a city are therefore collective and simultaneous yet exclusively personal. The tinai definition of Akam and Puram, which explores private and public spheres, is manifested differently in city. The negotiations of individuals in both these realms are varied. The paper intends to explore the city of Calicut in terms of its Akam and Puram. The monotony of mushrooming residential structures is juxtaposed with the heterogeneity of public and private spaces. The research pre-empts to map the city by converging the multitude of negotiations that simultaneously take place in the public and private spaces. The idea of public spaces in the city itself will be revisited in connection with the concept of privacy that one could claim in a city due to anonymity. A city is monumental in history and time. The historicity of Calicut is explored in the paper through analysing cultural negotiations. The paper would broadly map the city through the lens of gender, religious communities and caste as the perception of Calicut demands adequate exploration of these areas. It intends to explore the city of Calicut across the colonial and postcolonial epochs. Hence the Akam and Puram of the city would be analysed in connection with modernity and globalisation too. The research intends to take photographs, testimonials and specific city spaces into account for further exploration.

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Akam and Puram, Simultaneity, Modernity, Caste and Community

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According to primary data, almost twice the variations exist between marginal and small farmers of total average income. The present paper want to analyse the factors responsible for these variations in Bareilly, where the vegetable crops cultivation in this state. More specifically, in this paper we want to examine the various inputs expenditure like expenditure on seeds, irrigation, fertilisers, pesticides, labour and transport influencing the variations among marginal farmers, small farmers and total average income of these farmers in Bareilly. To achieve the objectives of this paper primary data has collected through multiple random sampling in this district. The results indicate that marginal farmers income highly influenced by one factor significantly, whereas small farmers income influenced by three factors and total average income influenced by two factors significantly.

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Vegetable Net Income, Marginal Farmers, Small Farmers, Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As the utilization of vehicles is expanding radically, the risks because of vehicles is additionally expanded. The fundamental driver for mishaps is rapid, flushed and drive, redirecting minds, over pressure and because of electronic devices. This paper manages mishap discovery framework that happens because of thoughtlessness of the individual who is driving the vehicle. This presents mishap cautioning framework which alarms the individual who is driving the vehicle. On the off chance that the individual isn't in a situation to control the vehicle, at that point the mishap happens. When the mishap happens to the vehicle this framework will send data to enlisted mobile number

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 Keywords

Arduino, GSM Module, Vibration sensor, Accident detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Since ancient times Indians have been moving to the hostland for various reasons. Generally, this kind of concept is known as `diaspora` Though they settle there, live a better life, but they never totally disconnect from their roots and motherland. We can see these things in the writings of Indian diasporic writers. Attia Hosain was one of the remarkable Indo-British writers. Sunlight on a Broken Column was the first and only novel written by Attia Hosain. In the novel, she beautifully describes the lifestyle of the Indian Muslim taluqadar family; Indian customs, cultures, traditions, and lifestyles of different communities-upper class and lower class live happily together before the partition. It is a semi-autobiographical novel. In the novel, Attia expressed her memories through her words and fictional characters.

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 Keywords

Indianness, Attia Hosain, Indian, Muslim, Talluqadar, Diaspora, Indo-British, novel, Sunlight on a Broken Column.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition