Volume 10 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Thomas Hardy a precious jewel in the history of English literature. Generally classified as pessimist, atheist and naturalist, he firmly believes that every human being more or less is a social entity which can't be isolated for a long time from society and nature. This isolation from his or her fellow being will ultimately result into the mental as well as physical trauma to the concerned individual or a group. Every human being in its given circumstances tries his or her best to develop healthy relations not only with other human being but also with the other natural entities as it is one of the most prerequisite of its peaceful and harmonious co-existence. It is only because of the social and cultural contacts the human beings help one and other to realise his or her dreams and aspirations. The mutual respect and give and take attitude helps the human beings in attaining a happy and prosperous life. But life is never as smooth as it is expected one. There are many acts which are responsible for making human life complex and difficult. Sometimes the unending lust for material things creates complications in the life of human beings. Every human being becomes quite impatient in the times of the adversary and he or she longs for the company of the near and near ones in this critical time as the intensity of grief and misery somewhat lessen when the aggrieved person receives love and compassion. So every individual needs somebody with whom she or he shares his fortune as well as tribulation. These human traits of compassion, support and affinity are mostly celebrated in most of the fictions of Thomas Hardy. This paper is an attempt to present the chain of miseries in the life of people presented by the novelist in this work.

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 Keywords

Character, destiny, evil, folk, human, justice, nature & suffering etc.

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The Nagesia tribe, also known as the Kishan tribe, is a significant ethnic group located in the Mahuadanr Block of Latehar district in Jharkhand, India. Traditionally skilled in farming, the Nagesia people have a rich cultural heritage and a unique language known as the Kishani language. Despite their historical roots in agriculture, the tribe has faced challenges in accessing education and development opportunities. This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of education on the Nagesia tribe, with a specific focus on the communities of Chiropath and Surkaipath. By analyzing the social, economic, cultural, and political aspects of the Nagesia community, this study seeks to understand how education has influenced their lives and contributed to their overall development. The objectives of this study include assessing the educational level and progress of the Nagesia tribe, highlighting the importance of education in their socio-economic context, and providing recommendations for improving educational planning and facilities for the tribe's betterment. By filling the gap in documentation and understanding of the Nagesia tribe, this research aims to support policy-making efforts and contribute to the development of marginalized communities in Jharkhand.

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Nagesia, transformative, policy, primary source, education, disparities

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Abstract In recent years, Indian startups have seen amazing transformations. With a booming economy, favourable government regulations, and a vibrant entrepreneurial culture, India has emerged as a hotspot for entrepreneurs and innovation. Over time, the country has seen an increase in entrepreneurial endeavours in a variety of industries, including technology, ecommerce, healthcare, finance, and others. Technology improvements have had a significant influence on the Indian startup environment. The increased use of mobile devices and the internet has provided new opportunities for entrepreneurs to access and interact with a huge client base. India has emerged as the world's second largest startup ecosystem after the United States. India is a magnet for startups, which are expanding at an exponential rate. The Global Startup Ecosystem Report 2022 ranks Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Delhi in the top 40 startup centers worldwide. In 2021 alone, Indian companies raised more than $23 billion in 1000+ transactions, with 33 businesses joining the coveted unicorn club. So far in 2022, 13 new unicorn businesses have joined the club. The rising investor trust in Indian startups is astonishing and is observed gathering pace across the various stages of a startup's life cycle. Recent years have seen a tremendous shift in India's entrepreneurial ecosystem, from the formation of new startups to global investor interest to developments in infrastructure and policy. Thus, the research intends to investigate the growth pattern of new ventures, startup factors, and sensitive obstacles for startups in the Indian context. The study has been carried out based on the secondary data and used statistical tools for the data analysis and inference. The study found that the huge scale for the startups in India and vulnerable challenges also impact on the growth of startups. The study also focused further research areas in startups in India.

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 Keywords

: Startups, Make in India, Digital India, Status, Development and Challenges

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Humans have migrated throughout history. People migrate for different reasons, such as reuniting with their families; seeking better economic opportunities; and escaping human rights abuses, including armed conflict, persecution, and torture. Migrants are generally entitled to the same human rights protections as all individuals, although States may limit migrants' rights in some ways, such as with regard to voting and political participation. Many human rights treaties explicitly prohibit discrimination on the basis of national origin and require States to ensure that migrants' human rights are equally protected. Additionally, like other particularly vulnerable groups, migrants have been given special protections under international law, to address situations where their rights are most at risk, such as in the workplace, in detention, or in transit. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), all migrants, regardless of their status, are entitled to the same international human rights as everyone else. This means that states have an obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill the human rights of migrants. Current paper analyses the human rights of migrants on international level also on national level.

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Migrants, human rights, health, family, life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Raman spectra of crystalline and amorphous solids of the same chemical composition can be significantly different primarily because of the presence or absence of spatial order and long range translational symmetry, respectively. The purpose or goal of this installment of Molecular Spectroscopy Workbench is to help readers understand the underlying physics that affect the Raman spectra of crystalline and amorphous solids. Wave vector, reciprocal space, and the Brillouin zone are explained with respect to Raman spectroscopy of solids.

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Crystalline amorphous Raman Spectra

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Samples of doped polyaniline (emeraldine salt) were prepared with protonic acid dopants, namely, hydrochloric acid (HCl). Using the two-point probe method, it was found that the samples had ohmic behavior in which high linear coefficients. The doped sample had a highest conductivity of 1.2x10-4S/cm was observed for the HCl doped sample, while the lowest value 7.59x10-6 S/cm. These conductivities were compared with the computed energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) where it was found that they are inversely proportional to each other. Field scanning electron microscopy revealed significant differences among the samples in terms of morphology.

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Emeraldine salt, Conducting PANi, Electric conductivity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Carbon nanotube(CNTs) represent one of the best novel nanostructures which have distinct individual structures, morphologies and properties, and carbon nanotubes have been described as a sheet of graphite rolled into a hollow cylinder and the length and diameter depended on the conditions of synthesis method. The rolling of graphite sheet form two important structure multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) where the two structure have special properties and wide application like chemical, biological, electrical, medical, sensor, physical and other application. In the present paper , the various synthesis methods have been discussed which produce the carbon nanotube in huge quantity, more purities and selective structure.

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Carbon Nanotube CNTs SWNT MWNT

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DASMOOLA is a combination of ten medicinal plants of which principally roots are employed in compounding of ayurvedic formulation. The aim of this review is to highlight DASMOOLA plants and their importance in traditional medicine. We studied the ten plants, their morphological characters, their peculiar medicinal properties. Because these plant formulations is being using in different ayurvedic medicine preparation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies of DASMOOLA plants and their curing nature.

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DASMOOLA, Medicinal Properties, Ayurveda

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From the mythical age to the post-modern era, from rural culture to urban elitism, rape has been used as a deadly weapon by the society to dominate women. After establishment of the myth of 'pure' and 'impure' body in our patriarchal society, rape has become a very useful tool to marginalize them. Sometimes even social hegemony uses this heinous act to control, subjugate, punish and marginalize the 'second sex', or in turn, the forces of anti-state rebellion. Because it not only affects the body and soul of the victims, but also of the female sex in general and even the sensible men as well. In Mahasweta Devi's short story 'Draupadi', the protagonist, Dopdi Mejhen, is brutally subjected to gang-rape through the whole night by a number of policemen. The narrative proceeds to portray how she retaliates against her perpetrators in her unique way. The present paper concentrates on how the process of marginalization of the rape victims is countered by the so called 'shamelessness' of the victim herself; how the social matrix is being subverted by the transformation of the response register, where defence is transformed into offence; and also the new language of resistance and the new diction of protest, that are flourished in Mahasweta Devi's short story, 'Draupadi'.

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 Keywords

Marginality, Subversion, Hegemony, Rape, Register

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The paper examines the post-injury responses and the effect of injury on athletes. Most of the time emotional responses of athletes towards injury. Accompanied by depression, tension, anger, low self-esteem, mood disturbance, and sometimes suicide isolation resulting in running of sports career. The paper also explores the role of sports psychologists, when injured athletes are rehabilitating. Rehabilitation from sports injury involves not only physical but also psychological considerations. The psychology of sports injury rehabilitation is a relatively new field. All through, the psychology of sports injury has made a significant impact on sports medicine team, the practical aspect of how and when we refurb patient to psychologist need to be better understood. An appreciation of mind-body interaction and how they function regarding stress and sports performance. Sports injury is fundamental to the acceptance of psychological techniques in the medical arena. The psychology of sports injury has emerged from several previous rehabilitation and sports psychology. The athlete's attitude towards recovery social support and social and support from coaches and other teammates and effective communication between injured athletes and medical professionals are also discussed.

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Keywords: Sports Injuries, Psychology, Rehabilitation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition