Volume 11 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

The aim of this review was to critically explore the state of art of zirconia surface treatment to enhance the biological and osseointegration behaviour of zirconia in implant dentistry. Materials and methods: An electronic search in PubMed database was carried out using the following combination of key words without time periods: "zirconia implants" "zirconia surface treatment" or "zirconia surface modification" or "zirconia coating" and "osseointegration"

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dental implant, zirconia, osseointegration, zirconia surface treatment

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This review article traces the historical evolution of antibiotics, from Selman Waksman's coining of the term in 1942 to the ground- breaking discovery of penicillin by Dr. Alexander Fleming in 1928. The three phases of chemotherapy, including empirical use and Paul Ehrlich's "magic bullet" concept, are explored. The modern era of chemotherapy is highlighted, emphasizing the different classes of antibiotics available today. The focus then shifts to the concerning phenomenon of irrational antibiotic use, with a detailed examination of factors contributing to antibiotic resistance. Inappropriate prescription practices, self-medication, extensive agricultural use, inaccurate diagnosis, and the emergence of natural and acquired resistance mechanisms are scrutinized. The article underlines the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance, especially in developing countries, and emphasizes the pivotal role of awareness and education. The article sheds light on the current scenario of antibiotic resistance in India, addressing specific resistance patterns among different bacterial strains. In conclusion, the article stresses the imminent antibiotic resistance crisis in India due to irrational use. It calls for a multi-faceted approach, including awareness campaigns, stricter regulations, improved healthcare infrastructure, and rational prescribing practices. The urgency of these actions is underscored, emphasizing that without concerted efforts, the future of healthcare in India is at risk, with potentially devastating consequences for public health. The importance of global collaboration and research investments is emphasized as key components in safeguarding effective antimicrobial agents for future generations.

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antibiotic, chemotherapy, irrational antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance, bacterial strains.

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Soft tissue diode lasers have gained recognition among medical professionals for their ability to provide surface sterilization, create a dry surgical field, and enhance patient comfort during surgical procedures. Diode lasers operating at wavelengths between 810-980 nm, either continuously or in pulsed mode, have emerged as valuable tools for intraoral soft tissue surgery. The primary aim of using diode lasers in oral surgery is to address the limitations of traditional surgical techniques and offer minimally invasive procedures with reduced patient discomfort. The feasibility of diode laser application in oral soft tissue surgery is based on the laser's absorption by tissue pigments and hemoglobin, while showing low absorption by hydroxyapatite and water. This article reviews the use of soft tissue diode lasers in managing oral mucosal lesions, including conditions like epulis fissuratum, ranula, mucocele, pyogenic granuloma, and hemangioma.

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Diode lasers, oral mucosal lesions, oral surgery, pigments, soft tissue, wavelength.

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This study means to assess the financial advantages of the travel industry in Uttarakhand, a state situated in the northern district of India known for its rich normal and social legacy. The study takes a holistic approach to comprehend the various facets of the region's tourism-related economic impact. In order to collect comprehensive data on tourism expenditure, employment generation, income distribution, and government revenue, the study employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Surveys and secondary data from government reports, tourism organizations, and relevant literature are all part of quantitative analysis. Subjective strategies include meetings and center gathering conversations with partners, including sightseers, neighborhood networks, and government authorities. The examination investigates the immediate and roundabout financial advantages got from the travel industry in Uttarakhand, including the commitments to the neighborhood economy, work open doors, pay age, and government income through charges and expenses. It also looks into how tourism has a multiplier effect on other parts of the economy, like transportation, retail, and agriculture. Furthermore, the review analyzes likely difficulties and limits connected with monetary advantages, like irregularity, framework advancement, and spillages in the travel industry income. It dissects the job of government arrangements and mediations in improving monetary additions while guaranteeing manageable the travel industry improvement. The discoveries of this examination give important bits of knowledge into the financial effect of the travel industry in Uttarakhand, helping policymakers, the travel industry specialists, and neighborhood networks settle on educated choices for the supportable development regarding the travel industry area. The concentrate likewise adds to the current writing on the travel industry financial matters by giving a comprehensive viewpoint on the monetary advantages got from the travel industry in a particular locale.

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Uttarakhand, tourism, economic benefits, holistic study, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, tourism expenditure, employment generation, income distribution.

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Yogi Vemana, a revered 17th-century Telugu philosopher within Hindu literature, explores Hindu mythology, delving into the intricate nuances of various gods, the essence of existence, and the complexities of human life. His verses intricately interlace reflections on celestial beings, the elements, and the profound dynamics between gods, presenting a tapestry of insights into the cosmological understanding of Hinduism. His reflections transcend the boundaries of divinity, touching on human conduct, destiny, and the fleeting nature of life. These musings explore the philosophical beliefs of Hinduism, equating the five elements to divine entities, emphasising Earth as the sustainer of all life. Vemana's verses offer profound insight into Hinduism's moral and spiritual teachings, underlining the impermanence of life on Earth and inviting reflection on human desires, the consequences of actions, and the enduring struggles between mortal passions and divine existences. Through his contemplations, Vemana shines a light on the Trinity--Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva--unravelling their grandeur, imperfections, and significant roles within the expansive Hindu pantheon. His narratives delve into the intricate stories of various gods and the ethical lessons embedded in their actions, emphasising the transient nature of existence and the eternal interplay between gods and mortals.

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Cosmic Realities, Hindu Deities, Hindu Mythology, Philosophical Insights, Trinity, Yogi Vemana

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A Comprehensive Analysis of the Dichotomy Between Formal and Informal French: Linguistic, Cultural, and Societal Perspectives "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Dichotomy Between Formal and Informal French: Linguistic, Cultural, and Societal Perspectives" delves into the multifaceted nature of the French language, unraveling the intricacies that define the difference between formal and informal registers. This research paper offers a nuanced examination of linguistic variations, cultural implications, and societal influences that shape and characterize these distinct registers. Drawing upon a diverse range of references, including linguistic studies, sociolinguistic analyses, and cultural observations, the study aims to provide a holistic understanding of how formality is manifested in the French language.

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French, Language, Formal, Informal, Linguistic, Phonological, Phonetic, Lexical, Colloquial

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Blockchain technology is an exceedingly modern approach in the field of information technologies. Blockchain, is the technology underlying cryptocurrency, which adopts a peer-to-peer network to authenticate transactions. This paper aims to explore the existing research in the field of blockchain-related studies and to discuss futuristic development in blockchain and cryptocurrency. Through the findings of this paper, we deliver a blockchain research which illuminates the possible research and provides implications for the future of cryptocurrency. We use distributed ledger technology to get to know more about blockchain, as blockchains are tamper evident and alter free digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion. This paper provides a summary of blockchain technology; it brings a blueprint of all the pivotal design features, attributes, and benefits of blockchain in cryptocurrency, Bitcoin and Ethereum are one of the major applications of cryptocurrency. Additionally, the paper discusses the enhancement that is needed in cryptocurrency. The originality of this paper is on the discussion of new approaches for cryptocurrency scanning by patterns in blockchain. Herein we have introduced one basic structure/model for a cryptocurrency for it to be traceable, which is a theoretical idea. This paper is meant to give a brief introduction to these topics.

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blockchain; bitcoin; distributed ledger technology; cryptocurrency; advancement

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The cryptocurrency industry, led by Bitcoin, has grown in popularity and significance in the past few years, capturing the interest of shareholders, buyers and sellers, and experts alike. Forecasting the future value of Bitcoin presents a formidable challenge yet holds substantial importance. In this project, we harness the capabilities of two potent deep learning algorithms: Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to forecast the value of bitcoin. LSTM, a deep learning model recognized for its aptitude in capturing sequential dependencies, is paired with XGBoost, an ensemble method adept at handling intricate, non-linear relationships. Our approach revolves around the analysis of historical Bitcoin price data, employing these two algorithms in tandem to furnish more precise and robust predictions. The overarching goal of this endeavor is to enrich our understanding of the dynamics within the Bitcoin market and to offer valuable insights to cryptocurrency enthusiasts and investors. Bitcoin, as the foremost digital currency, has garnered substantial attention from investors, leading to exponential growth. Nevertheless, the task of predicting Bitcoin's price remains daunting due to the inherent unpredictability of the market. Initially, our study intended to incorporate sentiment analysis, but complications related to data mapping led us to rely exclusively on historical Bitcoin transaction data. This alternative approach has yielded a notably accurate model, offering invaluable insights for prospective investors. Our investigation delved into various recurrent neural network (RNN) structures, encompassing LSTM, subjecting them to exhaustive testing, which entailed fine-tuning the number of activation function layers and units. In this comparative analysis, LSTM emerged as the leading performer in sentiment analysis among the predictive models. Given the exceptional volatility of Bitcoin, with price fluctuations approximately six times more pronounced than those of traditional fiat currencies, it is imperative to employ a model capable of handling long-term time series dependencies, a realm where LSTM excels.

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Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Deep Learning, Analytics, Long Short Term Memory, extreme Gradient Boost

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Ulcers, particularly gastric and duodenal ulcers, have long been a significant concern in the field of gastroenterology. The understanding of their pathophysiology has evolved over the years, leading to the development of various anti-ulcer agents. This abstract provides a brief overview of the mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of anti-ulcer agents. Gastric ulcers are primarily associated with the erosion of the gastric mucosal barrier, which protects the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of gastric acid. Duodenal ulcers, on the other hand, are often linked to excessive acid production. Historically, the mainstay of ulcer treatment involved acid-suppressive medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine receptor antagonists (H2 blockers). These drugs effectively reduced acid secretion and provided relief to patients. Recent advancements in the field have highlighted the crucial role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of ulcers. Eradication of this bacterium with antibiotics has become a key component of ulcer management, especially in cases where infection is confirmed. Additionally, mucosal protective agents like sucralfate have gained prominence for their ability to enhance mucosal defense mechanisms and promote ulcer healing. Prostaglandin analogs, such as misoprostol, are used to both reduce acid secretion and promote mucosal protection. In recent years, research has focused on novel therapeutic approaches, including the use of growth factors and stem cell-based therapies to accelerate ulcer healing. Furthermore, the identification of new targets within the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways has opened up exciting avenues for drug development. In conclusion, the treatment landscape for ulcers has evolved significantly from merely suppressing gastric acid. It now encompasses a multifaceted approach that includes antimicrobial therapy, mucosal protection, and emerging regenerative strategies. These developments hold promise for improved management and enhanced outcomes for patients with ulcers. Please note that this abstract provides a general overview, and the specific details and advancements in the field of anti-ulcer agents may have evolved since my last knowledge update in September 2021

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Peptic ulcer disease, NSAIDS, anti-ulcer agents

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South India is broadly defined in historical writings as covering the present day linguistic states of Karnataka, Andrapradesh, Kerala & Tamilnadu,, where the four major languages of the Dravidian family are spoken. It is believed that the Indus valley civilization was the creation of the Dravidians. The Dravidians had developed not only city life but also international trade and thus had developed superior culture as compared to their predecessors. As your culture provides the base to modern Indian culture but it is also accepted that the Aryan culture has gained much from the culture of the Dravidian from whom they captured the political power of India.

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RELIGION ART AND ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE

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