Volume 11 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Among natural items, essential oils constitute a broad category. Chemicals used to add taste and perfume to culinary, industrial, and medicinal items are mostly derived from oils. Essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid made from various plant components that contains volatile fragrance molecules. Essential oils are manufactured and extracted from plant sources using a variety of extraction techniques. A variety of processes, including solvent-free microwave extraction, solar distillation, CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, hydro diffusion, and steam distillation, are used to create essential oils. These techniques for extraction and expression are employed to remove the oils from dried or fresh plants, respectively. There are several ways to extract mint oil, including solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and steam distillation. The most popular and traditional method for extracting mint oil among these methods is steam distillation. The mint plant material is heated with steam, which causes the essential oil to vaporize. Following the vapor's condensation and collection, the oil and condensed water are separated. Solvent extraction is the process of dissolving the essential oil from the mint plant material using organic solvents like ethanol or hexane. The oil's constituents are selectively extracted by the solvent, which is then evaporated or refined to produce concentrated mint oil.

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 Keywords

Mint oil extraction, Mentha species, Extraction techniques, Steam distillation, Solvent extraction, Supercritical fluid extraction

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 Abstract

Lung cancer is a fatal disease with a high mortality rate in diseased patients. Early diagnosis of this disease and accurately identifying the lung cancer stage can save the patients' lives. Several image processing, biomarker-based and machine automation approaches are used to identify lung cancer, but accuracy and early diagnosis are challenging for medical practitioners. In conventional methods, manual CT images are supplied to visualize whether the person has lung cancer. This research article proposes a novel method for an early and accurate diagnosis called Cancer Cell Detection using Hybrid Neural Network (CCDC-HNN). The features are extracted from the CT scan images using deep neural networks. The accuracy in feature extraction is very important to detect the cancerous cells at early stages to save the patient from this fatal disease. In this study, an advanced 3D-convolution neural network (3D-CNN) is also utilized to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The suggested approach also enables the distinction between benign and malignant tumors. The results are evaluated using standard statistical techniques, and the results confirm the viability of the proposed hybrid deep learning (DL) technique for early diagnosis of the lung cancer.

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 Keywords

Machine learnin,Lung cancer, Image processing Hybrid neural network, Convolutional Neural Network, RNN

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The GST implemented on July 1, 2017, is regarded as a major taxation reform till date implemented in India since independence in 1947. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments. GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services, right from manufacturer to the consumer. It was designed to bring indirect taxation under one umbrella. More importantly, it is going to eliminate the cascading effect of tax that was evident earlier. The GST system follows a dual structure, comprising Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST), levied concurrently by the Central and State governments, respectively. Additionally, an Integrated GST (IGST) is levied on interstate supplies and imports, which is collected by the Central Government but apportioned to the destination state. In terms of revenue distribution, the GST Council plays a crucial role. The Council makes decisions on various aspects of GST, including tax rates, exemptions, and revenue sharing between the Central and State Governments. Except for one decision, all decisions of the Council were taken by consensus.GST has transformed financial relations of central and state governments, ensuring greater coordination and efficiency in the Indian tax system.

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Tax, indirect tax, goods and services tax (GST), taxation reforms, Indian taxation system, GST Council

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 Abstract

Abstract: Savings play a pivotal role in the well-being of households, both in developed and underdeveloped countries. This paper delves into the rural scenario at a macroeconomic level, focusing on the real savings of the tribal people residing in the Morigaon district of Assam. Their savings behavior is indicative of their distinct culture, which is prominently showcased during the Junbil Mela. Random sampling techniques were employed to gather primary data, and the analysis was conducted using a regression model. The study's findings shed light on the relationship between the size of savings and the income of tribal households in the Morigaon district of Assam.

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Keywords: Savings behavior, Income, Macroeconomy, Culture, Tribal

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Restoring the bite in patients with severely worn dentures is a challenging clinical situation, as each case is unique in itself. Restoration of mutilated dentition is a technique oriented procedure, because there are different opinions about the choice of an occlusal system suitable for successful rehabilitation of the oral cavity. The etiology, investigations, the sequence of treatment procedure all requires meticulous diagnosis and treatment planning. This article is an overview of the different occlusal concepts/philosophies in full mouth rehabilitation to help the practitioner aware of the treatment phases and the appropriate occlusal system for a particular case.

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Full mouth rehabilitation, Occlusal concepts/philosophies, treatment planning

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Temporomandibular joint disease is a group of orofacial pain syndromes, the most common non-dental pain in the maxillofacial region that affects both the structure and function of the jaw. TMD can usually present with jaw pain and limited mouth opening, because the etiology of TMD is multifactorial, diagnosis and treatment planning are complex and individualized for each patient. Common symptoms include jaw pain, clicking when moving the jaw, difficulty opening or closing the mouth and headaches. In severe cases, treatment may include lifestyle changes, physical therapy, dental appliances, or surgery. This review provides an overview of TMD classification, etiology, clinical findings, TMJ examination diagnosis, and a detailed overview of treatment options, which include both conservative and surgical treatment. Thus, an electronic search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, and analysed for the articles for detailed description of the treatment methods of temporomandibular joint disorders. Thus, the primary goal of therapy for temporomandibular disorders is to reduce or eliminate pain and/or joint pain and restore normal mandibular function.

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 Keywords

TMD, Therapy, Craniomandibular disorder, stiffness , joint pain, treatment modalities of TMD, ginglymoid joint, condyle and Temporomandibular joint.

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 Abstract

The brain is the most important organ in the human body which controls the entire functionality of other organs and helps in decision making. Due to brain tumors, nowadays a large number of patients are in danger. The rapid development of abnormal brain cells that characterize a brain tumor is a major health risk for adults since it can cause severe impairment of organ function and even death. These tumors come in a wide variety of sizes, textures, and locations. When trying to locate cancerous tumors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial tool. However, detecting brain tumors manually is a difficult and time-consuming activity that might lead to inaccuracies. The medical field needs fast, automated, efficient, and reliable techniques to detect tumors like brain tumors. Detection plays a very important role in treatment. If proper detection of tumor is possible then doctors keep a patient out of danger. Various image processing techniques are used in this application. Using this application doctors provide proper treatment and save a number of tumor patients. A tumor is nothing but excess cells growing in an uncontrolled manner. Brain tumor cells grow in a way that they eventually take up all the nutrients meant for the healthy cells and tissues, which results in brain failure. Currently, doctors locate the position and the area of brain tumor by looking at the MR Images of the brain of the patient manually. This results in inaccurate detection of the tumor and is considered very time consuming. A tumor is a mass of tissue it grows out of control. We can use a Deep Learning architectures CNN (Convolution Neural Network) and VGG 16(visual geometry group) Transfer learning for detect the brain tumor. The performance of model is predict image tumor is present or not in image. If the tumor is present it return yes otherwise return no.

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Brain Tumor, Convolutional neural network, Magnetic resonance imaging, Visual Geometry Group.

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 Abstract

The rapid growth of population and urbanization has led to an increase in organic waste production, posing environmental challenges. Traditional methods like land filling and incineration contribute to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Vermicomposting, a natural and sustainable waste management technique, uses earthworms to convert organic matter into nutrient-rich vermicompost, improving soil fertility and structure. It is an eco-friendly and efficient waste management method, particularly beneficial for India, a country with a high population density and a need for increased food production. It has been found to be effective in decomposing waste in 45-60 days, usually. The process can be enhanced to achieve faster degradation in a shorter duration using a waste decomposer. The present study deals with the same. It was observed that the vermicompost with added inoculum showed faster degradation as compared to the vermicompost bed without inoculum. This method can help improve crop quantity and quality in India, a country with a high population density. Increased food production demands improved crop quantity and quality. Progress is being made, but more attention is needed to reduce vermicomposting duration for organic farming.

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Floral Waste, vermicomposting, waste decomposer, faster degradation

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 Abstract

In India, agriculture plays an essential function for improvement in meals production. In our united states, agriculture depends at the monsoons which aren't sufficient source of water. So the irrigation is utilized in agriculture discipline. net of factors (IoT) is a milestone inside the evolution of generation. IOT performs an crucial position in many fields, one among this is Agriculture through which it is able to feed billions of human beings on this planet in future. The goal of this paper is aiming to conquer this task, the whole device is micro manage primarily based and can be operated from far off vicinity via wi-fi transmission so there is no need to situation approximately irrigation timing as in step with crop or soil condition. Sensor is used to take sensor reading of soil like soil moisture, temperature, air moisture and selection making is managed by means of user (farmer) with the aid of the usage of microcontroller. The records received from sensors are sent to server database the usage of wifi transmission. The irrigation will be computerized whilst the moisture and temperature of the sphere is reduced. The farmer is notified with the statistics regarding subject circumstance thru cell periodically. This gadget may be more useful in regions where there is scarcity of water and can be really worth effi- cient with gratifying its requirements.

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Smart Irrigation, Sensors, Bluetooth communication, Android.

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 Abstract

Attention Deficiency hyperactivity complaint( ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental complaint in which cases present inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The etiology of this condition is different, including environmental factors and the presence of variants of some genes. Still, a great diversity exists among cases regarding the presence of these ADHD- associated factors. also, there are variations in the reported neurophysiological supplements of ADHD. ADHD is constantly treated pharmacologically, producing an improvement in symptomatology , albeit there are cases who are refractory to the main pharmacological treatments or present side goods to these drugs, pressing the significance of developing other remedial options. Differentnon- pharmacological treatments are in this review addressed, chancing different results regarding effectiveness. Altogether, ADHD is associated with different etiologies, all of them producing changes in brain development, leading to the characteristic symptomatology of this condition. Given the eclectic etiology of ADHD, discussion is presented about the convenience of personalizing ADHD treatment, whether pharmacological ornon- pharmacological, to reach an optimum effect in the maturity of cases. Approaches to personalizing both pharmacological remedy and neurofeedback are presented.

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 Keywords

ADHD , neurodevelopmental disorder, medications, inattention, hyperactivity, Impulsivity .

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