Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) and betel leaves (Piper betle) are two widely used plants in traditional medicine, renowned for their bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. This review explores the medicinal benefits, phytochemical compositions, and pharmacological activities of both guava and betel leaves. Guava leaves are rich in flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. Betel leaves, on the other hand, contain alkaloids, phenols, and essential oils with known antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. The review also delves into their cultural significance and the growing interest in their potential applications in modern medicine, including their role in managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and infections. Despite their promising benefits, the review highlights the need for further clinical research to better understand the mechanisms of action, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of these leaves in human health. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of sustainable cultivation practices and proper utilization to maximize their medicinal value.

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 Keywords

Betel Leaves [piper betle], guava leaves[psidium guajava] ,antifungal ,antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In Greek Geometry, we would further go through the Deductive method, Regular Polyhedra, Ruler and compass construction, conic sections, Higher degree curves. Book I to VI and further book X to XIII of Euclid's Element have been studied in depth. We have seen how Euclid's Elements remained not only the core of mathematical education, but also at the heart of western culture, we have looked into scholarly and personal discovery of Euclid's text. Book I to IV and VI discuss plane geometry. In this sections many results about plane geometry are proved e.g. if a triangle has two equal angles, then the angles subtended by the sides are equal. Book V and VII to X deal with number theory, with numbers treated geometrically via their representation as line segments with various lengths. Book XI- XIII concern solid geometry. A typical result is the 1:3 ratio between the volume of a cone and cylinder with the same height and base. This result has been found here.

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EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gene therapy is an innovative approach that modifies or introduces genetic material to treat or prevent diseases and shows great promise in periodontics for regenerating tissues like cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. This cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 108 dental professionals (BDS and MDS) over two months (September-October 2025), assessed their awareness and attitudes toward gene therapy in periodontics using a 26-item questionnaire. Most respondents were BDS students (87%) with less than two years of experience (73.6%). A majority correctly defined gene therapy (71.3%), identified oncology as its first field (73.1%), and recognized viruses (32.4%) and liposomes (53.7%) as common vectors. Regeneration of periodontal tissues (68.5%) was seen as the main benefit, while ethical concerns, cost, and safety were major barriers. Although 75% believed gene therapy remains experimental, 62% showed interest in learning, and 65.7% supported its inclusion in the dental curriculum. Overall, dental professionals demonstrated moderate knowledge but positive attitudes, emphasizing the need for increased education, awareness, and research to support its future clinical use.

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 Keywords

: Gene therapy, periodontics, awareness, dental professionals, tissue regeneration, regenerative dentistry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid growth of educational institutions and large student populations has highlighted the inefficiencies of traditional attendance systems that rely on manual signatures, RFID cards, or QR-based validation. These methods are prone to inaccuracies, proxy attendance, administrative delays, and data manipulation risks. To address these limitations, this paper presents the design and deployment of a secure, cloud-integrated real-time attendance automation system powered by FaceNet-based facial recognition and multi-level access control. The proposed system captures student images through a controlled dataset collection pipeline and generates compact 128-dimensional embeddings using the FaceNet model. An SVM classifier is trained on these embeddings to achieve reliable recognition performance. Supabase is used for secure cloud storage and database management, enabling seamless synchronization of student images and metadata. A dedicated Flask-based Python API handles training, embedding extraction, inference, and versioned model deployment. The attendance workflow is triggered through faculty-generated sessions, where students authenticate themselves by scanning a QR code and submitting a live face image. The system performs real-time inference, logs attendance, updates session statistics, and ensures security through Row Level Security (RLS), role-based access control, and audit logging. This end-to-end pipeline provides an accurate, scalable, and low-maintenance solution suitable for educational institutions seeking automation and digital transformation in attendance management.

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 Keywords

Face Recognition, FaceNet, Flask API, 128-D Embeddings, SVM Classification, Attendance Automation, Supabase, Cloud Deployment, Multi-Role Access Control, Real-Time Recognition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) has gained significant attention as a strategy to enhance the performance of orally administered controlled and sustained release formulations. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in GRDDS, emphasizing their role in overcoming challenges associated with conventional oral dosage forms, particularly the issues of rapid gastric emptying and limited gastric residence time (GRT). These physiological barriers often result in reduced bioavailability, especially for drugs that are poorly soluble in the higher pH environment of the intestine or require localized action in the stomach. Among the seven identified types of GRDDSs, particular attention has been directed toward floating, expanding (swelling), and mucoadhesive systems due to their ability to prolong gastric residence time and ensure controlled drug release. These systems have been developed through various conventional and advanced manufacturing techniques. In recent years, 3D printing has revolutionized the design and production of GRDDSs, offering unprecedented precision, personalization, and versatility in drug formulation. This review critically evaluates the most recent advancements in the fabrication of GRDDSs, with a particular focus on 3D printing technologies, and discusses the advantages and challenges associated with their use. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods are briefly outlined to highlight the parameters essential for assessing system performance. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current trends and innovations in GRDDSs, offering insights into their potential as a novel and effective platform for targeted and site-specific drug delivery.

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Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS); gastric retention; site-specific drug release; GRDDS classification; system characterization; therapeutic applications; intellectual property; pharmaceutical ,3D Printing .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Medicinal plants, play a predominant role in curing and preventing disease due to their antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against Human microorganism. The objective of present work is to formulate and evaluate herbal antibacterial mouthwash and to evaluate its effectiveness against microbial load of oral activity. Prepare Mouthwash further evaluate for its physicochemical of properties and antimicrobial activity. They act on mouth pathogens, microbes and reduces the pain instantly and also has no more side effects. The aim of present work is to formulate and evaluate its effectiveness against microbes present in oral cavity. The four herbs Gymnema stylvestre, Berberis aristata and Cinnamomum zeylanicum were selected for mouthwash and prepared. Formulation was further screened for antimicrobial activity against culture of Staphylococcus aureus and S. salivarius and further evaluated for physical properties like pH, colour and stability. The presence mouthwash possesses a good antibacterial property. This preparation. Is stable in different temperature condition present mouthwash is a liquid preparation which normally contains antibacterial and antiseptic agents. This solution can be used to reduce the microbial growth in the oral and may also be given for other reason like for analgesic action, anti-inflammatory or antifungal activity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Antimicrobial, Herbal Mouthwash, Gymnema stylvestre, Berberis aristata.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smart Meter, IoT, ANN, DNN, LightGBM, Electricity Forecasting, ESP32, Energy Analytics, Seasonal Load Prediction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Phytosomes represent an advanced technology for improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of plant-derived compounds. This thesis focuses on the systematic preparation of phytosomes and their comprehensive evaluation. The study includes optimization of formulation parameters, physicochemical characterization, and pharmacological assessment of phytosomes, emphasizing their potential in drug delivery systems. Phytosomes have emerged as a transformative platform in drug delivery, designed to overcome the challenges of poor solubility and limited bioavailability often associated with plant-based therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of phytosome technology, highlighting its structure, benefits, formulation techniques, and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of phytosome technology, detailing the physicochemical mechanisms of formation, preparation techniques, and characterization methods. Furthermore, it explores the pharmacokinetic advantages of phytosomes, particularly their role in enhancing bioavailability and ADME profiles. Special attention is given to their therapeutic applications in oncology, where they demonstrate potential in modulating cancer pathways and reducing systemic toxicity. Finally, the paper critically examines current challenges regarding scalability, stability, and regulatory frameworks, offering insights into future research directions for integrating phytosomes into modern medicine.

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Phytosomes; Phospholipids; Nanocarriers; Phytoconstituents; Bioavailability; Pharmacokinetics; Drug delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cinnamon, obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum species, has been used as both a spice and a medicine for thousands of years. This review looks at the scientific research supporting the many health benefits of cinnamon, especially its abilities to fight oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, control blood sugar, and kill harmful microorganisms. The main active compounds that provide these benefits include cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid, and several polyphenols like procyanidins and catechins. Research studies show that taking cinnamon supplements can lower fasting blood glucose levels, improve how cells respond to insulin, balance cholesterol levels, and reduce inflammation markers in the body. The antimicrobial properties of cinnamon oils work against many types of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Additionally, new research suggests cinnamon may protect the brain, support heart health, and even fight cancer. This review examines current research findings, explains how cinnamon works in the body, discusses safety concerns including differences in coumarin content between species, and identifies areas needing more study. Overall, the evidence supports using cinnamon as an additional therapy for metabolic problems, inflammatory conditions, and infections, though more standardized preparations and long-term studies are needed to establish proper dosing and confirm lasting benefits.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cinnamon, Cinnamomum, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diabetes, antimicrobial, cinnamaldehyde, polyphenols, metabolic syndrome

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study focuses on detecting credit card fraud using machine learning. Fraudulent transactions are difficult to identify because they are rare and often look similar to normal transactions. To solve this, different machine learning models such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting are used and evaluated. Techniques like SMOTE are applied to handle imbalanced data. The results show that ensemble models give better accuracy and help in identifying fraud more effectively. This system can support banks in reducing financial losses and improving transaction security.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1.Credit card fraud 2.Fraud detection 3.Machine learning 4.Online transaction security 5.SMOTE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition