Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Inhalation therapy is essential in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For patients who cannot effectively use handheld inhalers--such as the elderly or those with poor coordination--home nebulization therapy provides an effective alternative. Nebulizers convert liquid medication into aerosols suitable for inhalation, enabling efficient drug delivery to the lungs and allowing larger doses than handheld inhalers. Modern "smart" nebulizers, such as I-neb and AKITA, can sense a patient's breathing pattern and release medication accordingly, reducing drug wastage. Nebulizers are available in small-volume (5-20 mL) and large-volume (up to 200 mL) formats, depending on the therapy type. Proper patient selection, device maintenance, and cleaning are crucial for effective home nebulization. The increasing prevalence of COPD and asthma, along with advancements in smart nebulizer technology and microparticle formulations, continue to drive growth and innovation in this field .

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KEY WORDS: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, home nebulization, inhalation therapy, maintenance nebulization, nebulization, nebulizer.

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where late presentation and limited access to screening facilities contribute to poor outcomes. Early detection remains critical for reducing mortality, and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) offers a simple, cost-free, and non-invasive method particularly suited for resource-limited rural settings. Despite its potential, studies consistently show that awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward BSE are often inadequate, creating significant barriers to timely diagnosis and treatment. The study aims to evaluate and correlate knowledge and attitude level regarding the Breast-Self Examination (BSE) and demographic details and its association among the rural women. Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 rural women in selected villages of Tehsil Nagri Parole, Kathua. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule on socio-demographics, knowledge, and attitudes regarding Breast Self-Examination (BSE). Descriptive findings summarized in percentage, and Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations between demographic variables, knowledge, and attitude, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Most participants had poor to average knowledge (76%) and a predominantly negative attitude (74%) toward Breast Self-Examination (BSE). Knowledge score was significantly associated with age, education, and height, while attitude showed associations with age, diet, number of children, and family history of breast-related diseases. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health education interventions to improve awareness and practice of BSE among rural women, thereby facilitating early detection of breast cancer.

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Attitude, Breast Self-Examination, Breast Cancer, Kathua District, Knowledge, Rural Women

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Abstract "Crime is product of sick mind and jail must be a place of hospital where they are treated and cared." - Mahatma Gandhi The necessity is based on the need to treat humanely and protect the basic rights in the criminal judicature has increased awareness on the topic of the rights of prisoners in India.in recent years. This essay aims to give an in-depth analysis on the status of the rights of prisoners. In India, with a focus on the challenges that it faces, the extent to which existing legislation is being enforced is being highlighting. Action, and potential ways of reform. The research will examine some of the factors of rights of inmates, such as living situations, legal assistance, rehabilitation, and re-entry to society, and access to healthcare. The project uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative research techniques, such as stakeholder interviews, case studies, legal analysis, and literature reviews, to identify best practices and policy proposals for improving the protection of prisoners' rights, as well as shed light on the weaknesses and inadequacies in the current system. The study's conclusions ultimately seek to support the advancement of human rights and dignity for every person incarcerated inside the Indian criminal judicature, as well as to add to the current conversation on criminal justice reform in that country.

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Keywords: India's Criminal Justice System, Human Rights, Rehabilitation, Legal Framework, and Prisoners' Rights.

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Hemagarbha Pottali Rasa is one of the prominent Rasaushadhis described in several Ayurvedic classics, renowned for its Rasayana, Balya, and Tridoshahara properties. Variations such as Hiranyagarbha, Mahahemagarbha, and Swetahemagarbha appear throughout Rasayogsagar, Rasayana Sangraha, Yogaratnakar, and other authoritative texts. The objective of this review is to consolidate the different classical references, therapeutic indications, dosage, and Anupana of Hemagarbha Pottali Rasa. Data were collected from primary Ayurvedic texts and correlated analytically. The review highlights that Hemagarbha Pottali is mainly indicated in Kasa, Shwasa, Rajyakshma, Jwara, Grahani, and Tridoshaja disorders. Its unique Pottali Kalpana ensures high potency and stability. This review aims to serve as a foundational document for analytical, pharmacognostic, and pharmacological validation of this ancient formulation.

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Hemagarbha Pottali Rasa, Hiranyagarbha, Rasaushadhi, Rasayana, Pottali Kalpana, Rasa Shastra.

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This paper presents a smart and advanced forensic tool that combines handwriting similarity, forgery detection, and spam detection into one integrated system. The project was fully developed and executed on a Raspberry Pi 5, which plays a key role in making the tool portable, energy efficient, and cost effective. This shows that advanced forensic and cybersecurity operations can be performed on small hardware without needing high-end systems. The handwriting similarity module checks whether two handwritten documents are written by the same person, focusing only on handwritten content. The forgery detection module finds duplicate or tampered areas such as signatures, stamps, QR codes, and government documents by using image analysis techniques. The spam and threat detection module identifies and blocks spam messages, unsafe links, and malicious files including APKs, EXE, and document formats that may cause harm. The toolkit uses machine learning methods for better accuracy and gives simple visual results for easy understanding. Testing proved that the system performs smoothly on the Raspberry Pi 5 with an overall accuracy of more than 95 percent, showing that it is a reliable and practical solution for real time document verification and digital threat detection.

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Handwriting Recognition, Handwriting Similarity, Deep Metric Learning, FAISS, Forgery Detection, knn, ORB, PCA, Error Level Analysis (ELA), Threat Intelligence, URLHaus, VirusTotal, Spam Detection.

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The eyes are not only the most important but also the most beautiful among our five sense organs. It is said that nearly 80% of the knowledge we acquire comes through vision. Their value is beyond measure, yet in daily life people often neglect proper eye care, paying attention only when a serious or vision-threatening problem arises (1). In Ayurveda, Arma is described as a Shuklagata roga (a disease affecting the white part of the eye). In modern science, it closely resembles Pterygium, as both share similarities in their site of occurrence, clinical features, and surgical management. Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder that can lead to significant visual disturbances as well as cosmetic concerns. Currently, surgery is considered the only reliable treatment, but recurrence is quite common, and the regrowth is often more aggressive than the original lesion. Ayurvedic texts, however, mention the use of Lekhana Anjana (scraping collyrium) in the early stages, particularly when the membrane is thin. Once the growth extends onto the Krishna Mandala (cornea), surgical removal becomes necessary.

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Shalakyatantra, Netra, Arma, Pterygium, Anjana.

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The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) provides a comprehensive framework for civil litigation in India. One of its most important features is the right of appeal, which ensures that a party dissatisfied with a judgment can approach a higher court for review and correction. This paper studies the concept of review under CPC, their nature, scope, types, and limitations. It also highlights the importance of review in safeguarding the principles of natural justice and fairness. The paper adopts a doctrinal research methodology, relying on statutory provisions, judicial precedents, and scholarly commentary to critically analyse the law of review. The study concludes by suggesting reforms to reduce delays and misuse of the system, while ensuring justice is not compromised.

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Civil Procedure Code (CPC), Review, Section 114, Order 47, Error Apparent, Judicial Correction, Finality of Judgment.

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In the course of civilisation, humans have evolved by kneading clay, carving wood, splitting stone, and forging metal to create countless fascinating works of art, thus living in harmony with art itself. Through numerous archaeological and historical evidence, we learn how humankind's creative journey is intertwined with craftsmanship. A question often arises: how many centuries must have passed for humans to acquire the knowledge and skill to create such works? When we consider the discovery that clay, once fired, becomes more durable(2), or the realisation that stone can be sculpted using tools forged from heated iron(3), we recognise that each of these developments required years of observation and experimentation. In particular, the art of stone carving demands tools of immense strength and precision tools that could only have been produced after extensive metallurgical refinement. The very process of transforming iron into delicate chisels capable of shaping stone into exquisite forms is a testament to human ingenuity and perseverance

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Stone Sculpture, Stone-Carving Tools, stone carving Chisels

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed how information is created, shared, and verified in the digital era. This study explores the role of AI in identifying and managing false or manipulated content online. Although AI enhances communication and problem-solving, it is also exploited to generate false information, including fake news and deepfakes. In India, this escalating issue affects electoral integrity, media trustworthiness, and public awareness. This paper examines how AI can support the detection and management of misinformation. It further explores verification strategies, public awareness initiatives, and regulatory frameworks for addressing misinformation. The discussion includes models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) discriminators, highlighting their roles in identifying fake news and deepfakes. The objective is to promote responsible AI usage and enhance the reliability of digital content in India.

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Artificial Intelligence, Fake News, Deepfake, India, Misinformation, Detection Models, Cybersecurity

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a debilitating condition characterized by fibrous or bony fusion of the joint, leading to restricted mobility and functional impairment. Conventional surgical treatments, though effective in mechanical release, often fail to restore joint biology and face high recurrence rates. Stem cell-based regenerative strategies have emerged as a transformative approach, leveraging the osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair and reconstruct the osteochondral interface. These cells exert therapeutic effects through differentiation, paracrine signaling, immunomodulation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, promoting functional regeneration and preventing re-ankylosis. Advanced delivery systems including hydrogels, 3D-printed scaffolds, and cell-sheet engineering enhance cell viability, localization, and integration, offering biologically driven joint restoration. While preclinical outcomes are promising, future success depends on standardized methodologies and clinical validation to translate stem cell-based therapies into effective TMJ ankylosis management.

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TMJ ankylosis, stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, osteochondral regeneration

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