Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

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Silica Nanoparticles, Tetra ethylortho silicate, Stober method, Sol gel method, Micro emulsion method

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Euphorbia hirta Linn., commonly known as milkweed or the asthma plant, is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family widely used in traditional medicine. The plant contains various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkanes, amino acids, and alkaloids, responsible for its pharmacological properties. Traditionally, it has been employed to treat gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory ailments, and eye infections. Scientific studies have confirmed its antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In Africa and Madagascar, decoctions of E. hirta are used to manage lung and respiratory diseases. Overall, the plant shows significant therapeutic potential, supporting its use in modern herbal medicine and future drug development.

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Euphorbia hirta, phytochemicals, traditional medicine, respiratory disorders, anti-asthmatic activity.

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Monetary policy is the process by which a country central bank controls the money supply and interest rates to achieve economic stability, price control, and growth. the central bank uses tools such as SLR, CSR, RRP, and open market operations to regulate inflation, sustainable development.

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monetary policy, central bank, bank rate, CRR, SLR, economic stability, growth.

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Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that not only affects patients but also imposes a significant burden on their caregivers. In India, where caregiving is predominantly family-based, understanding the extent of caregiver burden and the coping strategies employed is essential for developing supportive interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of caregiver burden and to identify the coping strategies adopted by family members of Alzheimer's patients in a selected hospital in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 caregivers of Alzheimer's patients using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured demographic questionnaire, the Zarit Burden Interview Scale, and the Brief COPE Inventory. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of caregivers experienced moderate to severe levels of burden. Common coping strategies included religious coping (62%), seeking emotional support (48%), and acceptance (41%). A significant association was found between caregiver burden and duration of caregiving, income level, and relationship to the patient. Conclusion: Caregivers of Alzheimer's patients in Indore face considerable emotional and physical strain. The findings underscore the need for targeted caregiver support programs, including counseling, respite care, and education on effective coping mechanisms.

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Alzheimer's disease, caregiver burden, coping strategies, descriptive study, Indore, Zarit Burden Interview

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The transportation problem focuses on minimizing distribution costs while meeting supply and demand. Conventional methods like NWCR, LCM, and VAM often yield suboptimal solutions. The Coefficient of Range improves efficiency but has limitations. This paper introduces a penalty-range hybrid approach, combining penalty sensitivity with variability. Numerical results demonstrate lower costs and improve performance compared to existing techniques.

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Transportation Problem, Coefficient of Range, Range Penalty Factor, Linear Programming, NWCR Method, LCM Method, VAM Method, COR Method, PARM Method,.

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This study explores the history and social impact of the American Baptist Mission in Rayalaseema, a South Indian region with cultural variety and socioeconomic issues. The article, based on archival reports from the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (A.B.F.M.S.) and secondary sources, traces the Mission's evolution from its arrival in the Telugu-speaking region in the nineteenth century to its consolidation under indigenous leadership after Indian independence. The Mission's accomplishments went beyond evangelism to include education, healthcare, and community transformation. The Mission was instrumental in advancing literacy, vocational training, and women's education through the establishment of schools, teacher training institutions, and theological seminaries. Its medical missions, particularly the Clough Memorial Hospital in Ongole and the nurse training programs in Nellore, provided contemporary healthcare to rural people while also advancing women's roles in professional service. The article also examines the Mission's internal obstacles, including as financial limits and disagreements over government funding, as well as its gradual transition to self-sufficiency and Indianization. Finally, the American Baptist Mission helped create the groundwork for long-term social development in Rayalaseema by combining religion, service, equality, and education. Its legacy lives on in the region's continued educational and hospital institutions, demonstrating the long-lasting impact of faith-inspired social transformation.

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American Baptist Mission; South India; Christian missions; medical missions; indigenous leadership; Baptist history.

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The digital revolution has truly transformed the way we work today, significantly affecting the balance between our professional and personal lives. This study takes a closer look at how digitalization serves as both a facilitator and a disruptor of work-life balance, particularly in the education and healthcare sectors in Rajasthan, India. While digital tools have introduced greater flexibility, productivity, and opportunities for remote work, they've also brought challenges like longer hours, digital fatigue, and the blurring of lines between work and home life. Using a mixed-methods research approach, we collected data from 200 professionals through structured questionnaires across various urban and rural areas of Rajasthan. The study delves into key aspects such as the frequency of digital tool usage and the support systems organizations provide. It also examines how professionals perceive and manage the impact of digitalization on their work-life balance within the unique socio-economic and cultural context of the state. The findings reveal that while digitalization enhances efficiency, accessibility, and flexibility, it can also lead to increased workloads, psychological stress, and a greater dependence on technology. The study underscores the need for creating organizational policies and personal strategies that promote digital well-being and sustainable work habits. By offering localized, evidence-based insights, this research contributes valuable perspectives to the global discussion about work-life balance in our digital age and provides practical suggestions for fostering professional sustainability in a tech-driven society.

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Digitalization, Work-Life Balance, Rajasthan, Education and Healthcare Sectors, Digital Well-being.

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Abstract This research paper deals with the thorny issue of defining terrorism in international, regional, and national laws in which terrorism is a leading security threat in the world since there is no universally accepted legal definition of terrorism. The paper examines the problem of divergent and politically motivated definitions affecting the international collaboration in extraditing, intelligence exchange, and law enforcement, and allows terror groups to take advantage of such inconsistencies. It also critically analyses some international and regional treaties such as UN conventions, SAARC, EU and OIC frameworks with the limitation in seeking the same definitions and implementation being given. The paper also explores the legal regime in India against terrorism (especially the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA)) and how it has met the international standards and the potential ramifications to human rights protection. Extradition of Abu Salem and 2008 Mumbai attacks are case studies that demonstrate the logistical challenges of inconsistent application of the law in collaboration across nations. The study unveils the way in which the wide counterterrorist legislations tend to meddle with the human rights in some cases, and are abused to curtail dissent, limit rights, and enhance profiling. The paper recommends a unified global response, to have a multilateral dialogue in the United Nations coming up with a clear and universal definition of terrorism. This would enable proper effective counterterrorism policies that would be driven by security without compromising human rights standards. Consistent with the prudence of the High-Level Panel of the UN Secretary-General (2004), Terrorism are criminal activities aimed at instilling the state of terror in the masses, as it is a reminder that, a clear legal framework is critical to effective and fair governance in the counter terrorism sector. This study leads to significant contribution of the changing discourse of the subject of terrorism and international law by solving legal ambiguities and incorporating human rights protection.

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Keywords: Terrorism, international law, counterterrorism, human rights, India, and United Nations, security, legal framework, judicial check, constitutional law, and national security, comparative analysis, protection of human rights, anti-terrorism laws and due process.

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The study indicates the knowledge of open education resources among research scholars in Tamil Nadu. The researcher has taken research scholars in Tamil Nadu as a population for the present study. The researcher has utilized simple random sampling techniques for collecting the data from the samples. The researcher has collected 606 samples from 23 universities and Deemed(Private) universities. Based on the data analysis and interpretation, the researcher found that research scholars have an average knowledge of OER, and that there are no significant differences in awareness based on gender, residency and parents' education.

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Knowledge, Open Educational Resources, Gender, Residency, Parents Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Brain stroke prediction using machine learning is an emerging field that aims to identify the individuals at high risk of stroke before its onset, enabling timely avoidance and interven-tion. Strokes, a primary cause of death and disability, often result from interruption flow of blood due to clots or vessel rupture. Traditional diagnostic methods can be slow and may miss early warning signs. Machine learning offers a data-driven method by analyzing the important health indicators, daily life factors, and physiological parameters including age, blood pressure, cholesterol, and medical history. Algorithms like logistic regression, en-semble models (e.g., XGBoost, LightGBM) can detect complex patterns to accurately clas-sify patients by risk level. These predictive models support early detection, personalized care strategies, and improved outcomes. Future advancements may integrate real-time ap-plications with wearable devices and hospital systems, enhancing stroke prevention efforts and transforming proactive healthcare delivery.

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Brain Stroke Prediction Using Machine Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition