Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

This study presents an affordable housing prototype that uses a solar-wind hybrid power system. It is designed for urban fringe and rural areas. The focus is on cost-effective features, locally available resources, easy building methods, and independent green energy to meet daily home power needs, such as lighting, charging devices, ventilation, and small gadgets. It also aims to reduce ongoing energy costs. The setup combines compact rooftop solar panels with a small wind generator, supported by a basic battery system and a simple charging regulator. This combination provides reliable electricity year-round. Key elements include scaling based on location, energy-saving techniques, cost-efficient parts, and maintenance plans to improve reliability and affordability. Overall, the goal is to improve quality of life, address energy access challenges, and provide models that can be easily adopted by other communities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

budget housing, solar-wind combo, standalone energy, solar panels, mini-turbine, energy storage, eco-design, accessible homes, village power.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Irsale Alaq (leech therapy) is a cornerstone of regimenal therapy (Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer) in the Unani system of medicine, traditionally employed for the targeted evacuation of morbid humours (Khalte Fasid) from diseased sites. Its principle is based on diverting morbid material (Imala-e-Mawad) to restore the body's innate balance (Tabiat). After a period of decline in the West, Leech therapy (Irsaal-e-Alaq) has experienced a renaissance in modern medicine, particularly in microsurgery and reconstructive procedures, prompting a re-evaluation of its traditional principles through the lens of contemporary science. This systematic review aims to critically synthesize the traditional Unani principles of Irsale Alaq with current scientific evidence on its mechanisms and clinical efficacy. A comprehensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and repositories of Unani literature (CCRUM, Jamia Hamdard) until December 2023. Findings demonstrate a remarkable congruence between Unani knowledge and modern science. The classical classifications of Alaq-e-Kabir and Alaq-e-Saghir correspond to the species Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudinaria granulosa, respectively. The therapeutic effects, empirically observed for centuries, are now known to be mediated by a complex cocktail of bioactive compounds in leech saliva, including hirudin (a potent anticoagulant), hyaluronidase (a spreading factor), eglins (anti-inflammatory agents), and vasodilators. This pharmacological profile validates its traditional use and underpins its modern applications in managing venous congestion, osteoarthritis, varicose veins, and other inflammatory conditions. Irsale Alaq thus stands as a paradigm for the integration of traditional wisdom with evidence-based medicine, offering a safe and effective non-pharmacological treatment modality with significant potential for wider adoption in mainstream healthcare.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Leech therapy (Irsaal-e-Alaq), Unani Medicine, Hirudo medicinalis, Hirudinaria granulosa, Hirudin, Humoral Theory, Khalte Fasid, Regimenal Therapy, Hirudotherapy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HPLC, Ondansetron and Rabeprazole

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Many students struggle to perform effectively in placement interviews due to limited exposure to real-world interview environments and lack of personalized feedback. The challenge is to develop an AI-powered interview preparation platform that simulates real interview experiences through mock interviews, coding challenges, and aptitude tests, while providing data-driven feedback and progress analytics. This system aims to help students identify their strengths and weaknesses, enhance their communication and technical skills, and improve their overall interview readiness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI) , Interview Preparation Platform , Mock Interview System , Natural Language Processing (NLP) Gemini API , Data Analytics , Performance Evaluation , Aptitude and Coding Assessment , Machine Learning in Education , Web-based Learning Platform , AI-driven Feedback System , Placement Readiness , Employability Enhancement , Personalized Learning , Adaptive Assessment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inclusive education is a human rights-based approach that ensures equal learning opportunities for all children, including those with special needs. In primary schools, inclusion promotes social integration, empathy, and equity by accommodating diverse learning requirements within mainstream classrooms. This paper explores the principles, benefits, and challenges of implementing inclusive education for children with disabilities and learning differences. Grounded in the theories of Vygotsky, Bruner, and UNESCO's Salamanca Framework (1994), it emphasizes the role of collaboration, differentiated instruction, and teacher preparedness. Empirical evidence suggests that inclusive environments enhance academic achievement, self-esteem, and peer relationships for all learners. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators and policymakers to strengthen inclusive practices in primary education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Inclusive Education, Primary Schools, Special Needs, Equity, Differentiation, Child Development And Growing-up

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital learning tools have revolutionized the modern classroom, providing interactive and adaptive ways to enhance student learning. In primary education, technology-supported instruction improves engagement, understanding, and retention. This paper examines the impact of digital tools--such as educational apps, multimedia content, and gamified platforms--on the cognitive, social, and emotional development of primary students. Drawing from constructivist and connectivist theories, it discusses how digital resources support individualized learning, creativity, and collaboration. Empirical evidence suggests that digital learning tools increase motivation, improve literacy and numeracy outcomes, and foster 21st-century skills. The study concludes by highlighting challenges and offering recommendations for effective integration of technology into primary education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital Learning, Primary Education, Technology Integration, E-Learning, Constructivism, 21st Century Skills,Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: Organic farming is an ecologically balanced agricultural system that avoids synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified inputs. The present study was conducted in Koipady, Kumble (Kasaragod district), with an objective to document organically cultivated crops, manure usage, and pest diversity affecting yield. Regular field visits were carried out from March 2023, and data were recorded on crop diversity, pest incidence, and organic input use. A total of 14 crop families and 7 pest species were identified, with Hemiptera being the most dominant order. The observations reveal that organic farming enhances biodiversity, maintains soil fertility, and provides chemical-free produce despite challenges like labour intensity and seasonal pest outbreaks. The study establishes organic farming as a sustainable agricultural system ensuring long-term productivity and ecological stability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Organic farming, sustainability, manure, biodiversity, pests, Koipady

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests in childhood with symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. In addition, there are other secondary symptoms associated with ADHD such as insomnia, learning disabilities, and delayed language development. The symptoms affect cognitive, academic, behavioural, emotional and social functioning. ADHD is found to be more common in boys than girls. Kaumarabhrityaka, Kaumarabhritya, Kumara Tantra or Kaumarabhritya encompasses information regarding pediatric diseases (Bala Roga). The ayurveda text Kaumarabhritya not only encompasses the information regarding pediatric diseases but also emphasized diseases of genital organs which may impart to the Bala Roga. Dhatri, Stanya, Dushti may be considered as disease causative factor in Ksheerada Avastha. Ayurveda described various therapeutic modalities for diseases of children (BalaRoga) & rasayana therapy is very useful approach, rasayana drug stimulates gastrointestinal secretions and boost appetite, prevents indigestion and nausea, improves mental strength in children. Shankhpushpi, Guduchi, Jyotishmati and mandookparni, etc. are rasayana drugs that can be used for pediatric health restoration. These drugs boost Agni functioning, potentiate Dhatus thus strengthen Ojas& clears Srotasas therefore maintains circulation &detoxification. These drugs actas rejuvenator hence increases physical and mental viability. Present article described role in pediatric diseases.

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Ayurveda, Pediatric, Rejuvenator, Rasayana,Balroga.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Art and creativity are essential components of holistic education, fostering intellectual, emotional, physical, and social growth in children. In primary education, integrating art into the curriculum allows students to explore self-expression, imagination, and problem-solving while enhancing academic learning. This paper examines the role of art and creative activities in developing critical thinking, empathy, and confidence among young learners. Drawing from Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory and Dewey's experiential learning philosophy, it emphasizes the value of hands-on creative experiences in shaping the whole child. Empirical evidence indicates that art-based learning improves attention, emotional intelligence, and academic performance. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating creative practices into the primary school curriculum for holistic child development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Art Education, Creativity, Holistic Development, Primary Education, Emotional Intelligence, Experiential Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Parental involvement is widely recognized as a key determinant of children's academic success, particularly during the primary school years when foundational learning and habits are formed. This paper explores how active participation of parents in school activities, home learning, and emotional support enhances students' academic achievement, motivation, and self-confidence. Grounded in Epstein's Framework of Parental Involvement and Vygotsky's Social Development Theory, the study highlights the multifaceted impact of family-school partnerships. Empirical evidence shows that children whose parents are actively engaged in their education perform better academically and display improved attitudes toward learning. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for fostering effective parent-teacher collaboration to promote holistic child development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Parental Involvement, Academic Achievement, Primary Education, Home-School Partnership, Motivation, Family Engagement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition