Volume 11 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Abstract Introduction and Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among girls. It has a wide range of symptoms such as irregular cycles, , infertility, obesity, hirsutism and acanthosis nigran. Many factors influence PCOS such as genetics, environment, lifestyle changes, sedentary life and diet. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence and level of knowledge of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) among college girls and find out the association on level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among Nursing students in a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute in Raipur, India. Students who were willing to participate were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants of the study. Institute Research Review committee and Ethical clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) was obtained. A total of 180 participants were included and used convenient sampling method to collect the data. The participants were assured that participation was voluntary, and confidentiality would be maintained. The questionnaires were given after describing the purpose of the study and it was pretested semi-structured questionnaire was devised and validated. The first part of the questionnaire covered the socio-demographic details. The second part of the questionnaire included the questions about their level of knowledge and clinical symptoms about polycystic ovarian syndrome. After obtaining the data, it was entered in excel spread sheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 16, statistical analysis were done by using Chi-square test. Results: The study revealed that majority of the students162 (90%) had poor knowledge (<11) and 18 (10%) had adequate level of knowledge e(>12) respectively and majority of the studen129(71.7%) had suspected and 51(28.3%) had diagnosed in clinical evaluation respectively. Conclusion : :Thus, this study helps to know about the prevalence and level of knowledge and possibility of suspecting symptoms among Nursing students and also to diagnose it early, so that lifestyle changes and appropriate actions can be taken.

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Keywords: PCOS, Nursing students.

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Today about 74% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as effective as desired. To improve such character's transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. Drug delivery through the skin to achieve a systemic effect of a drug is commonly known as transdermal drug delivery and differs from traditional topical drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are dosage forms involves drug transport to viable epidermal and or dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. The adhesive of the transdermal drug delivery system is critical to the safety, efficacy and quality of the product. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are limitation of hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. This article provides an overview of types of Transdermal patches, methods of preparation and its physicochemical methods of evaluation.

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Transdermal Patches, TDDS, Matrix, Reservoir, Types of patches

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Land an important factor of production is subject to various uses. Among the different uses agriculture is the most prominent one. The urbanization and industrialization process mostly affects the agricultural land. Land use change effects are generally categorized into environmental and socio-economic. The environmental effects received more attention than the socio-economic effects. Paddy fields play an important role in the environmental and ecological systems. They are typical wetland ecosystem. Paddy land and wetland resources are regarded as the most productive ecosystems in the world. They are known for their distinctive flora and fauna. Since the dawn of civilization man was very much associated with wetlands. Destruction and permanent conversion of this ecosystem will threaten the water security as they are the water reservoirs of the state. There should be a concerted effort to restore or re-create these wetlands and paddy lands inorder to compensate for those lost. The objective of this paper is to examine the implications of changing paddy land use in Kerala on its natural environment. One district from each geographical division is selected to get the representation of the whole Kerala. This land use changing process threatens the sustainable development and its impact is unable to be measured. In Kerala land is getting fast transformed into commodity which focuses on its exchange value. Paddy fields feed millions of the people and it also plays a critical role in the sustenance of several species. The peculiar characteristics of the paddy fields help to grow many micro organisms and it also helps to grow many rich plants in the bunds of the paddy fields. The respondents reported several issues as a result of the destruction of the paddy fields.

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Land use pattern, paddy land conversion, environmental threats, natural environment

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Death is an unavoidable phase in the life of an individual. Dying is the act of getting close to death. The process of facing death and the process of accepting it, are different from one another. The situations people go through, the support they get and their own mindset may influence the people in their final stage. Stress and strain increase as people age and individuals are prone to consider negative aspects of life when they are nearing their end. They remain aloof from the rest of the world. Embracing the end peacefully is more important for the individuals who are nearing death. In order to see the positive side of the final stage of life, one must gain strength and incline oneself to live with contentment. This paper deals with a memoir, entitled Dying by an Australian writer, Cory Taylor. Memoirs are ever inspiring and can give the readers a perspective other than their own. This memoir talks about the conflicts in Taylor's last stage of life. The health problems she faced, how she dealt with the situations, how her reminiscences made her strong, and how certain events in the last phase changed her views on death are beautifully portrayed in her memoir, Dying. Cory's Dying is a touching narrative that imparts lessons of life particularly regarding the last days of life.

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Memoir, Death, Acceptance, Struggle

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LEDs, or light-emitting diodes, have completely changed the lighting business by providing durable, energy-efficient lighting. To maximize their performance and longevity, effective thermal management is essential. The thermal analysis of LEDs is the main topic of this study, with a focus on the impact of heat sinks on heat dissipation and overall efficiency. The study looks into the thermal behavior of LEDs with heat sinks using a combination of experimental measurements. It investigates how much heat an LED device produces under various operating situations and how different heat sink configurations, materials, and designs affect thermal performance. The results provide insight into how heat sinks can improve LED heat dissipation performance. This study also assesses the connection between LED efficiency, heat sinks, and thermal management. It takes into account elements like heat sink size, thermal resistance, and heat transfer mechanisms, offering insights into how to maximize LED performance while preserving acceptable temperature ranges. These realizations make it easier to design LED lighting and display systems that use less energy. This work contributes to the development of more sustainable and effective LED applications, lowering energy consumption and prolonging the lifespan of LED-based devices by analyzing the impact of heat sinks on LED performance.

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LED, heat sinks, dissipation, thermal management, lifespan

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This in-depth paper explores the complex realm of "International Treaties and Agreements" and discusses the enormous ramifications for global relations. It gives a complex explanation of how these agreements impact our world, including many implications of international compacts, ranging from weapons control treaties that ensure global security to environmental accords that battle climate change to human rights conventions that defend universal principles and trade agreements that influence worldwide economies. It also focuses on the transformational potential of peace treaties in ending wars and rebuilding post-conflict communities, as well as the complexity of refugee and migration treaties, which control global movement and respond to crises. Let us explore the legal foundations, political importance, economic implications, and sociological consequences of these accords throughout, offering a comprehensive grasp of their role in forming the complicated web of global interactions.

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International Treaties, Global Relations, Arms Control Treaties, Environmental Treaties, Human Rights Treaties, Trade Treaties, Refugee and Migration Treaties, Peace Treaties

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With the world grappling with the pressing issues brought on by climate change, the major nations' influence over environmental policy is becoming increasingly important. China is the most populous country in the world and a prominent actor in international affairs; its views and actions on climate change have a big impact worldwide. The research illuminates China's developing position concerning climate change adaptation and mitigation by comprehensively examining pivotal records, official declarations, and contemporary policy measures. This paper evaluates China's adherence to global climate accords, including the Paris Agreement, and tracks its advancement in fulfilling its climate-related objectives. It also looks at the domestic policy environment, considering how China's policy framework balances environmental sustainability, energy security, and economic development. This research advances knowledge of the changing dynamics of global climate governance by clarifying China's strategic aims and policy orientations in the context of climate change. This analysis is invaluable for policymakers, scholars, and stakeholders interested in the junction between China's strategic aims and climate change imperatives.

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Climate Change, People's Republic of China, Paris Agreement, Xi Jinping

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Everybody Wants To Get A Fair And Charming Skin. Now A Day, Acne, Black Heads, Pimples Are Common Among Persons Who Suffer From It. According To Ayurveda, Skin Problems Are Normally Due To Impurity In Blood. Herbal Face Packs Are Used To Simulate Blood Circulation, Rejuvenate The Muscles And Help To Maintain The Elasticity Of The Skin And Remove Dirt From Skin Pores. The Aim Of This Work Is To Formulate And Evaluate An Herbal Face Pack For Glowing Skin By Using Natural Herbal Ingredients. The Natural Herbal Ingredients Such As Multani Mitti, Termeric, Sandalwood, Neem, Orange Peel, Aloevera ,Kaolin, Liquorice, Methyl Paraben, Gum Tragacanth And Rose Water.

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Skin, Moisturizing, Emollient, Stability.

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The contemporary information society holds a common expectation for seamless, user-friendly, and efficient interaction between the government and its citizens. Addressing these expectations, electronic government solutions have gained prominence by automating decision-making processes on a national scale, thereby enhancing government operations and fostering improved social communications among members of society. Influencing a wide spectrum of functions related to document management and processing, the advent of electronic government heralds a transformative shift in the decentralized governance framework. Belarus, as a case in point, has made significant strides in establishing an electronic government infrastructure and delivering associated services. This progress owes much to the accelerated advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Nevertheless, citizen engagement in e-governance within Belarus lags behind the Eastern European average. This deficiency is primarily attributed to the limited availability of interactive functions and online services on the official websites of government entities and institutions. Amid the array of technological solutions, each differing in speed, reliability, and data security, a few recent innovations shine through. These innovations are underpinned by revolutionary principles of compatibility and hold substantial promise for the future of electronic government.

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blockchain technology, security, transparency, hash function, cryptography

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Interpersonal crime against women is a global problem that affects women of all ages, races, and socioeconomic backgrounds. In the United States, one in three women will experience some form of interpersonal violence in their lifetime. The most common forms of violence against women include physical assault, sexual assault, stalking, and harassment. These crimes can have a devastating impact on woman's physical and mental health, their relationships, and their ability to participate fully in society. Self-defense is one strategy that women can use to protect themselves from violence. Self-defense training can teach women how to identify and avoid dangerous situations, how to assess their surroundings, and how to use physical and verbal self-defense techniques. However, many women do not know how to defend themselves effectively. Here, we suggest solutions to protect women from violence, as well as teach them basic self-defense techniques. However, self-defense is not a panacea. It is important to remember that no single strategy can guarantee a woman's safety that not one method of self-defense is 100% effective and that women should always take steps to protect themselves, such as avoiding walking alone at night, staying in well-lit areas, and carrying a physical alarm. This research paper will examine the prevalence of interpersonal crime against women, the effectiveness of self-defense training, and the factors that contribute to women's vulnerability to violence. The paper will also discuss the importance of self-defense training and other strategies for preventing and reducing interpersonal violence against women. This paper concludes by exploring the implications of the research for policy and practice. The study is purely based on doctrinal legal research that uses secondary sources.

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Interpersonal crimes, women, self-defense, violence, policy and practice.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition