Volume 13 | Issue 10 | October-2025

 Abstract

Access to reliable and affordable energy remains a major challenge in rural and remote regions of India, where grid extension is often economically unfeasible. Many households and small enterprises still rely on diesel generators for agriculture, businesses, lighting, water supply, education, and healthcare. While diesel provides short-term relief, it is costly, inefficient, and environmentally unsustainable. Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), combining solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, and battery storage with conventional backup, present scalable and cost-effective alternatives. These systems reduce fossil fuel dependency, strengthen energy security, and support socio-economic development. However, challenges such as intermittency of renewable resources, limited reliability, inadequate maintenance frameworks, and financial barriers hinder their widespread adoption. This paper reviews HRES design, technologies, and applications in off-grid and grid-connected contexts, with India as a case study. It identifies lessons from successful and failed projects and recommends solutions to enhance reliability, optimize configurations, and develop supportive policies.

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 Keywords

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Off-grid, Grid-connected, Energy Storage, Smart Grids, Reliability, Rural Electrification, Decarbonization

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This paper focuses on integrating Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) and blockchain technology to improve the security and reliability of Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) in Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Traditional security models are unsuited to the decentralized and trustless nature of the DeFi model where MPC can take place providing privacy-preserving financial operations whilst still absorbing sensitive data which is exposed. By pairing together ZTA's "never trust, always verify" philosophy and blockchain's immutable, transparent ledger, we propose a many layered architectural schema that would provide for continuity in verification, decentralized policy enforcement and tamper proof auditing. The integration addresses important security issues like the misbehavior of nodes, input corruption, and collusion, and encouraged scalability, compliance, and resilience. Practical feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by case studies of projects such as Chainlink DECO and Threshold Network. Besides its application in finance, the proposed model provides potential implications for DeFi and other privacy-sensitive fields that require clinicians' trust when storing and accessing data.

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 Keywords

Zero-Trust Architecture, Blockchain, Secure Multi-Party Computation, Decentralized Finance, DeFi Security, Privacy-Preserving Computation

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This Research examines the evolving legal recognition of transgender persons in India with a specific focus on their rights to marriage and adoption. Drawing on doctrinal analysis of statutory frameworks such as the Hindu Marriage Act, Special Marriage Act, and the Juvenile Justice Act, alongside adoption guidelines of the Central Adoption Resource Authority, the study identifies critical gaps in the current legal system. Landmark judicial pronouncements such as NALSA v. Union of India and Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India are analyzed to highlight the constitutional underpinnings of equality, dignity, and privacy under Articles 14 and 21. However, conflicting judicial trends and administrative practices continue to obstruct transgender persons' access to marriage registration and adoption procedures. Complementing doctrinal research, the study incorporates qualitative empirical insights from semi-structured interviews with transgender individuals, NGOs, adoption agencies, and legal practitioners. These findings reveal lived experiences marked by bureaucratic hurdles, stigma, and inconsistent application of rights despite progressive constitutional jurisprudence. Comparative perspectives from jurisdictions such as Argentina, Canada, and Nepal demonstrate viable pathways where legislative reform, administrative guidelines, and robust anti-discrimination frameworks have enabled inclusive recognition of marriage and adoption rights for transgender persons. The discussion employs constitutional tests of reasonable classification, proportionality, and dignity to argue for remedial action in India through a combination of judicial recognition, legislative reform, and administrative directives. The policy roadmap recommends short-term interventions such as registrar and adoption agency guidelines, medium-term statutory amendments, and long-term public sensitization and anti-discrimination measures. The study concludes by reaffirming the constitutional mandate of equality and dignity, calling for urgent harmonization of Indian family law with trans-inclusive constitutional principles.

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 Keywords

Transgender rights, marriage law, adoption law, constitutional equality, Article 14, Article 21, NALSA judgment, Special Marriage Act, Juvenile Justice Act, CARA, comparative perspectives, legal reform in India.

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Military stations, especially those deployed in remote or conflict-prone areas, face critical challenges in maintaining reliable, secure, and sustainable energy supplies. Traditionally, diesel generators have been the primary source of energy, but they impose high operational costs, fuel logistics issues, and carbon emissions. This paper presents the design and analysis of a hybrid off-grid energy system for military stations, integrating photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, wind turbines, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and a diesel generator as backup. This study evaluates the performance of the proposed system under varying climatic and operational conditions. Results indicate that the hybrid configuration can reduce diesel fuel consumption by up to 60%, enhance energy resilience, and provide secure, deployable, and sustainable power for military operations.

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 Keywords

Hybrid Energy System, Military Stations, Off-Grid Power, Renewable Energy, Microgrid

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This paper investigates whether government adoption of a domestic Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) provider -- using Zoho as a focal case -- affects governance outcomes, transparency, and citizen trust in India. We combine policy analysis, literature review, and a mixed-methods empirical framework (surveys, interviews, and administrative data analysis) to evaluate perceived transparency, reported service quality, and trust metrics before and after migration. The study situates the Zoho transition within India's recent procurement and data-governance shifts, analyzes technical capabilities (storage-as-a-service, security & compliance, global accessibility), and offers challenges + mitigation strategies for policymakers and implementers.

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Methods, Iterative deployment, Feedback mechanisms, Reward model for reinforcement learning

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Zeolites are microporous, crystalline aluminosilicates known for their exceptional ion-exchange, adsorption, and molecular sieving capabilities. These properties make them highly effective materials for environmental remediation. This paper provides a scientific overview of zeolite-based technologies used to remove contaminants from water, air, and soil. The mechanisms by which zeolites interact with heavy metals, radionuclides, ammonium, and organic pollutants are examined in detail. Both natural and synthetic zeolites are considered, along with surface modification techniques that enhance their selectivity and efficiency. Applications such as wastewater treatment, air purification, and soil decontamination are critically reviewed, supported by recent case studies and experimental findings. The environmental sustainability, regeneration potential, and cost-effectiveness of zeolite-based approaches are also assessed. By highlighting current challenges and future prospects, this paper emphasizes the role of zeolites as versatile, scalable, and eco-friendly materials for addressing global environmental pollution.

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Surface modification, Eco-friendly materials ,Regeneration Potential,Cost-effectiveness ,Sustainable technologies

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Imagine a huge wildfire breaking out or a major flood hitting a coastal city. Today, thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI), the news about these climate disasters can be reported almost instantly and in much more detail. This review paper looks at how AI is changing the game for journalists covering the climate crisis. We wanted to understand how these new tools are helping news get to the public faster and what that means for all of us. Basically, we explore the connection between AI-powered reporting and how much people actually know and care about climate issues. The paper digs into existing research to see how AI tools are used. For example, AI can scan satellite images (that's computer vision) to spot a new forest fire automatically. It can sift through massive amounts of weather data (using predictive analytics) to give better warnings about a coming hurricane. It can even write basic news updates (using natural language processing) the second an earthquake happens. This makes reporting on climate crises not just quicker, but also more accurate and able to cover a wider area. But the big question is: does this high-speed, AI-helping-hand approach actually make a difference to the public? We looked at whether this kind of reporting makes people more aware of the problems, gets them more engaged, and even inspires them to take action that supports bigger sustainability goals. We also talk about some important themes that come up again and again. Like, how AI can tailor climate news to different audiences, making it more personal. But it's not all positive. We also tackle the tricky parts--the ethical dilemmas. What if the AI has a bias and pays more attention to disasters in wealthy countries? How can we trust news that's written by an algorithm? And what happens to the human journalists? Is there still a crucial role for them when AI can handle the basics? By looking at real-world examples where AI has been used in reporting, we try to pinpoint what works well and what we need to be careful about. In the end, our review concludes that AI has incredible potential to supercharge how we communicate about the climate crisis. It can be a powerful microphone for raising public awareness. However, to really make it work for everyone, we can't just let the technology run wild. We need strong ethical rules and inclusive practices to guide its use. This ensures that the conversation it amplifies is fair, accurate, and helpful for everyone. This paper wraps up by pointing out what we still don't know--the gaps in current research-- and suggests where future studies should focus. Our goal is to provide useful insights not just for other researchers, but also for the people making policies and the journalists on the front lines, all working towards a more sustainable future.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Climate Crisis Journalism, Public Awareness, Real-Time Reporting, Natural Language Processing, Media Ethics, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Sudha Murty's Mahashweta (2004) masterfully interlaces themes of tradition, patriarchy, and resistance, revealing the social contradictions that confine women in rural Karnataka. The novel's protagonist, Anupama, is initially valued for her beauty--a trait that ironically becomes the source of her downfall when she develops vitiligo. This physical transformation exposes the commodification of women within marriage and societal structures, as Anupama's worth rapidly diminishes in the eyes of her husband and in-laws. Murty's portrayal of Anupama's ostracization highlights the ways in which patriarchal norms equate a woman's value with her appearance, marital status, and reproductive capacity. However, the narrative does not dwell solely on victimhood; rather, it charts Anupama's journey of resistance. Through education and self-reliance, she reclaims agency, transforming personal affliction into empowerment. Employing feminist frameworks such as Simone de Beauvoir's concept of the "Other" and Chandra Talpade Mohanty's third-world feminism, this analysis explores how Murty subverts the mythic Savitri archetype. Unlike the traditional, sacrificial wife, Anupama becomes a modern resistor, challenging dowry, the stigma of infertility, and the denial of bodily autonomy. Murty's accessible prose makes complex feminist ideas approachable, democratizing discourse and critiquing Brahmanical patriarchy while celebrating Kannada cultural resilience. The novel's exploration of familial hypocrisy--where maternal affection contends with societal expectations--offers a nuanced look at intersectional inequities. In the context of rising gender-based violence in 2025, Mahashweta demonstrates literature's power to expose duplicities and inspire movements for equity and justice.

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 Keywords

Sudha Murty, Mahashweta, tradition, patriarchy, resistance, social duplicities, feminist critique, women's empowerment, identity, rural India

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This study examines the enduring Digital Gender Divide (DGD) in education, concentrating on rural females in India, and underscores the disparities in access, ownership, skills, and engagement in digital learning. Using recent information from the ASER 2024 Report, UNICEF, the GRDP Toolkit, and different government programs, including DIKSHA, SWAYAM, and PM e-Vidya, the study finds important social, cultural, and infrastructural barriers that keep females from taking part in digital education. Even if digital infrastructure and educational platforms are growing, rural girls still fall behind boys when it comes to owning devices, knowing how to use them safely online, and having more freedom. This is because of gender conventions, money problems, and a lack of freedom. The study utilizes qualitative content analysis to amalgamate emerging themes from literature and policy documents, highlighting the significance of gender-responsive digital pedagogies, localized content, community participation, and inclusive policy frameworks. It concludes that without targeted, gender-sensitive interventions--including subsidized device access, teacher training, secure online environments, and intersectional pedagogy--digital education may exacerbate rather than alleviate existing gender disparities. This research advocates for enduring policy initiatives and systemic transformation to guarantee equal digital learning opportunities for all genders, especially the most marginalized females.

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Digital gender divide, gender-responsive digital pedagogy, digital learning, and digital education.

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 Abstract

DEVELOPING LITERACY SKILLS THROUGH FLN PROGRAMME AMONG THE STUDENTS STUDYING IN INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS

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