Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

CBIR (Content-Based Image Retrieval) is significant in various applications, including digital asset management, medical diagnosis, and surveillance, in which images must be retrieved based on visual content. Conventional CBIR methods rely on handcrafted features or CNN when essentially low-level spatial information is acquired, while the model may not describe the long-range dependencies and contextual semantics. Recent progress with Transformer-based models has shown enhanced contextual representation; however, these models typically ignore pixel-level features, which may provide incomplete representations and degrade retrieval performance. To overcome those limitations, this study presents HybridCBIRNet, a new hybrid deep learning framework that leverages the advantages of CNNs and Transformers via a weighted feature fusion mechanism. The CNN part is meant for hierarchically extracting spatial features, and the Transformer module provides global contextual information. The complementary representations are fused to produce a rich and discriminative feature embedding. Moreover, the system incorporates an Explainable AI (XAI) module that offers image retrieval interpretability, making it more applicable in sensitive areas. The proposed framework is validated on the Mini ImageNet dataset. It shows the best performance compared to the other existing methods with an accuracy of 97.25%, precision of 96.80%, recall of 97.10%, and mAP of 97.00%. These findings confirm the strength of the hybrid feature representation and verify the model's capacity to harvest highly similar images. That is because accuracy and robustness across different categories of images are essential features for them. HybridCBIRNet improves long-tail classification, which can act as a solution to real-world applications of CBIR that require accuracy and transparency.

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 Keywords

Content-Based Image Retrieval, Deep Learning, CNN-Transformer Fusion, Explainable AI, Image Retrieval Accurac

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 Abstract

The story is a part of life. It is a piece of prose fiction that is shorter than the novel. It concentrates on a single theme and a touching event of life. It hits and inflames the mind with the passion of love or fury. Life is a tale of untold pains. A short story gives an insight into the workings and counter-workings of the human mind and unfolds the inner knots of man. The short story is a telling art of immense value. It mirrors the existing society in every nook and cranny. In this article, Maithili Short Story published in the 21st century is listed and briefly presented to their various trends. In these compositions progressivism, experimentalism, realism, national love, social welfare, social evil etc. have been specially mentioned. In fact, Maithili Short Story has been constantly making Maithili literature constructively, moving towards its rise. Today the history of Maithili short story can be called satisfactory

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 Keywords

Abolition, Excitement, Comic-Satire, Feminine, Female foeticide, Illustration, Predominance, Progressive, Psychoanalytic, Supernaturalism, Trends

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The introduction of intelligent software solutions and emerging technologies in laser systems enhances real-time process optimisation, predictive maintenance, and real-time monitoring, leading to improved accuracy, efficiency, and quality. In this paper, the role of emerging software like artificial intelligence(AI), machine learning (ML), and digital twins, with the emergence of innovative technologies like robotics, computer-aided design (CAD), and smart sensors in laser processing and advanced modeling and simulation techniques driven by these technologies, is discussed.

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laser processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, modelling, simulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the rapid uptake and rollout of 5G technology in India and highlights its disruptive implications for the telecommunication landscape. Using a mixed methods approach, which draws on primary data through user questionnaires alongside more prevalent secondary data datasets from TRAI reports, this research provides a comprehensive account of user satisfaction, coverage extension and the overall performance of major providers including Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, and Vodafone Idea. The results demonstrate significant subscriber growth on the 5G networks, increased infrastructure development and service offerings for customers have improved considerably whilst users continue to struggle with indoor coverage problems and price disparities. The study also discusses the social and economic returns of the rollout including increased connectivity, rural development and economic outcomes, alongside strategic recommendations for stakeholders. This study is designed to further raise awareness of the current state of uptake and potential for future community development within the 5G technology trajectory and to inform policymakers and industry actors through an evidence base to help make India the country to provide global leadership through next-generation wireless technology.

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5G, India, telecommunications, network coverage, user satisfaction, socio-economic impact, infrastructure, growth, future technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As a dietary supplement, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant both in vitro and in vivo. L-cysteine's precursor, NAC, causes the manufacture of glutathione to increase. It scavenges free radicals, particularly oxygen radicals, directly. NAC has strong antioxidant properties. As an adjuvant, N-acetylcysteine may help treat several illnesses, particularly chronic ones. It can also be helpful as a chelator for heavy metals and nanoparticles. These conditions include polycystic ovary disease, male infertility, sleep apnea, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, influenza, parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, stroke outcomes, diabetic neuropathy, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Acetylcysteine, Wound Healing, Acne, Sclerosis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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E-governance plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of government services, which are being increasingly driven by digital transformation initiatives worldwide. Despite substantial investments, governments face challenges in integrating fragmented datasets, resolving inconsistencies across departments, and scaling services to meet the growing demands. This study explores the potential of Semantic Web technologies, specifically the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL), in addressing these challenges by enabling structured, interoperable, and machine-readable datasets. By leveraging semantic reasoning, data exchange protocols, and ontology-driven automation, RDF and OWL enhance interoperability, foster informed decision-making, and facilitate intelligent governance solutions. The proposed framework aligns with global initiatives, such as Open Government Data and Smart City programs, as well as suitable and long-term development goals, promoting accountable and citizen-centric governance in the process. Through experimental use cases, architectural design, and a review of the existing literature, this study demonstrates the feasibility and transformative impact of integrating Semantic Web technologies into government systems, thereby contributing to more transparent, efficient, and inclusive public services.

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E-governance, Semantic Web, RDF, OWL, Interoperability, Data Integration, Automation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A microenterprise, sometimes called a microbusiness, is a small company with a smallworkforce. A microenterprise is typically launched with a small amount of capital advanced from a bank or other institution and employs less than ten people. The majority of micro-businesses focus on offering products or services to their immediate communities. Microfinance aimsto support microenterprises by providing these companies with small loansof financing. This makes it possible for people or families with moderate, low, or no income to launch their own companies, generate revenue, and give back to their communities.

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UPI effects on micro business in Digital India, Google pay,phonepe

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creativity is a fundamental component of art education, shaping both theoretical approaches and practical applications. This paper explores the significance of creativity in fostering artistic expression, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills among students. It examines various educational theories, including constructivism and experiential learning, that emphasize the role of creativity in developing a well-rounded artistic identity. Additionally, the study highlights practical strategies for nurturing creativity in the classroom, such as open-ended projects, interdisciplinary approaches, and student-centered learning. The paper also addresses challenges in integrating creativity into standardized curricula and offers recommendations for educators to balance structure with artistic freedom. By bridging theory and practice, this research underscores the transformative power of creativity in art education and its broader implications for personal and professional development.

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The Role of Creativity in Art Education: Theory and Practice

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This study examines the narrative and thematic similarities between the ancient Indian epic the Mahabharata and W.H. Auden's poem "The Shield of Achilles," "September 1, 1939," with an emphasis on how they both depict battle. With a focus on the dehumanizing consequences of dogma and tyranny, Auden's poem offers a meditation on the moral deterioration of civilization during the start of World War II. On the other hand, the Mahabharata offers a mythical picture of cosmic combat in which mortal fighters must resolve moral quandaries within the confines of cosmic order and divine will. Both narratives examine issues of responsibility, morality, and the effects of violence while having different literary traditions and cultural backgrounds. One learns more about the universal human experience of conflict and the ongoing battle to balance personal morality with the dictates of history and fate via this comparative analysis. The Mahabharata and Auden both explore the complexity of human struggle, touching on issues like moral ambiguity, the effects of bloodshed, and the existential crises brought on by battle. The Mahabharata and W.H. Auden's war narratives are compared, and the results provide important new perspectives on the moral complexity of war and the state of humanity

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The Mahabharata, W. H. Auden, Morality, War Narratives, Totalitarianism

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This research paper rigorously traces the continuous evolution of non-human political allegory in South Asian literature--from its inception as a prescriptive niti (manual for royal conduct) in antiquity to its contemporary function as a tool of institutional critique under neoliberalism. Rejecting ecological interpretations, the study focuses exclusively on the allegory's critical use against systems of governance, bureaucracy, and entrenched class hierarchy. Through close readings of The Panchatantra, R.K. Narayan's A Tiger for Malgudi, Ruskin Bond's The Adventures of Toto, and Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger, the analysis applies classical Indian poetics--Dhvani (suggestive meaning) and Rasa (aesthetic experience)--as indigenous theoretical lenses to understand the allegorical evolution of animal figures. This trajectory details the animal subject's shift from instructing rulers to symbolizing psychological subjugation and violent resistance, with institutional and class critique as its constant and central focus.

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 Keywords

Political Fable, Dhvani, Rasa, Institutional Critique, Panchatantra, R.K. Narayan, Ruskin Bond, Aravind Adiga, Neoliberalism, Satire

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