Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Job satisfaction is defined as "a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences" (Locke, 1976). Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of value or worth. It can be considered a measure of how much a person values, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or likes oneself (Rosenberg, 1965). Coping strategies refer to the specific behavioral and psychological efforts that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressful events (Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013). The present study examined self-esteem, coping strategies, and job satisfaction among nurses using quantitative techniques. A sample of 102 nurses, including 23 males and 79 females, within the age group of 22-39 years, was selected using random sampling from various hospitals in Kerala. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), the Coping Scale (Hamby et al., 2013), and the Job Satisfaction Scale (Jayan & Dharmangadan, 2002) were administered. Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as correlation and t-test. The results revealed a significant relationship between self-esteem, coping strategies, and job satisfaction among nurses. Findings also indicated a significant difference in self-esteem with respect to gender, and a significant difference in coping strategies with respect to gender. However, no significant differences were found in job satisfaction with respect to gender, nor in self-esteem, coping strategies, or job satisfaction with respect to age.

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Self-esteem, coping strategies, job satisfaction, nurses.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The engineering mindset represents a distinctive mode of thinking that combines analytical reasoning, creativity, problem-solving, and systemic understanding to address real-world challenges. It is not limited to professional engineers but encompasses a cognitive framework applicable to diverse domains. This paper explores the conceptual foundations of the engineering mindset, delineates its core characteristics, and examines its relevance in education and professional development. It argues that cultivating an engineering mindset is essential for nurturing innovation, sustainability, and resilience in the 21st century.

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engineering mindset, systems thinking, project based learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Prenatal depression is a critical health condition that may have significant consequences not only on the maternal health but also on the outcomes of fetal health. Early intervention is crucial as it helps to prevent the potential long-term effects and avoid them. This survey paper provides an in-depth analysis of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods used for the detection of prenatal depression based on different data sources, including clinical interviews, questionnaires and physiological data. The paper highlights their effectiveness, strengths and limitations of these AI-based approaches. This review analyzed the various performance metrics in the detection of prenatal depression. This study aims to provide a comprehensive insight into existing methodologies and identify the scope for future research, ultimately aiming to improve both the mother's mental health and the child's growth.

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Prenatal depression, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Clinical interviews, Questionnaires and Physiological signals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which primarily includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, remains a major therapeutic challenge due to its chronic relapsing nature and localized inflammation within the colon. Conventional oral therapies with corticosteroids such as budesonide are limited by extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, low systemic bioavailability, and undesirable side effects. To overcome these challenges, colon-targeted nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to improve drug localization, reduce systemic exposure, and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Budesonide-loaded nanoparticles, particularly those formulated using natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and other biodegradable carriers, have demonstrated significant potential in modulating drug release and improving mucoadhesion in the colonic environment. Various formulation strategies, including nanoprecipitation, ionic gelation, and emulsification techniques, have been explored to achieve optimal particle size, high encapsulation efficiency, and controlled release profiles. Preclinical studies highlight that nanoparticle systems not only protect the drug in the upper gastrointestinal tract but also enable targeted release in the colon, where local conditions favor solubility and absorption. Furthermore, nanoparticles enhance drug residence time at the site of inflammation, thereby minimizing dosing frequency and reducing systemic corticosteroid-associated toxicity. This review consolidates recent advances in budesonide-loaded nanoparticle formulations for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, focusing on formulation techniques, physicochemical characterization, in vitro and in vivo performance, and therapeutic outcomes. The evidence strongly supports nanoparticle-based colon-specific delivery of budesonide as a superior alternative to conventional dosage forms, offering a promising platform for future clinical translation in IBD management.

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IBD, ulcerative colitis ,Crohn's disease, IBD management, Nanoparticles, Nanoparticles loaded Capsule

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on memory power of children: An analytical study

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Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on memory power of children: An analytical study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract In Perumal Murugan's Trial by Silence, gender representation is explored through the emotional and psychological aftermath of societal pressures on the protagonists, Kali and Ponna. The novel critiques the rigid patriarchal expectations that define gender roles in a traditional South Indian community. Ponna, after participating in a ritual to conceive a child, faces severe societal judgment despite the act being socially sanctioned. Her character represents the double standards women endure, as they are judged for their fertility, purity, and adherence to societal norms. Ponna's journey towards reclaiming her agency reflects the tension between individual desire and societal control over women's bodies. Kali, on the other hand, is consumed by silence and isolation, struggling with the blow to his masculinity and honor. His emotional withdrawal highlights how patriarchal expectations of control, honor, and virility also affect men, driving him into a state of psychological turmoil. This novel exhibits how masculinity is tied to notions of control and ownership. Through its nuanced portrayal of both male and female suffering under patriarchy, Trial by Silence reveals the deep emotional scars gender expectations leave on individuals in traditional societies.

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Gender representation, Patriarchal expectations, Societal judgment, Masculinity and honor, Female agency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common form of permanent auditory impairment, affecting millions worldwide and profoundly influencing communication, cognition, and quality of life. Conventional approaches, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, provide compensation but cannot restore the physiological processes underlying natural hearing. Recent advances in molecular medicine have positioned gene therapy as a transformative strategy for hereditary and acquired forms of SNHL. This review examines current progress in gene therapy for otology, emphasizing three primary mechanisms: gene replacement, gene editing, and regenerative or neuroprotective strategies. Clinical trials targeting OTOF mutations using dual-adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have demonstrated measurable restoration of hearing in infants and children with auditory neuropathy, marking a milestone in translational medicine. Preclinical progress with GJB2 replacement and early trials of ATOH1-based regenerative approaches further highlight the diversity of therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including vector capacity limits, immune barriers to re-dose, narrow developmental windows of efficacy, and global accessibility concerns. Future directions point toward improved vector engineering, precise genome-editing technologies for dominant mutations, integration of gene therapy with cochlear implants, and expansion of treatment to broader patient populations. Collectively, the field is moving from experimental feasibility toward clinical reality, offering hope that gene therapy may soon provide durable, biologically restorative solutions for individuals affected by hearing loss

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Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) represents the most prevalent form of permanent hearing

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The development of urban area is closely linked to modernization, industrialisation and the sociological process of the nation. However, urban governance and management has not been fruitful as expected. Various socio-economic, environmental and infrastructural problems act as a big hindrance to the state's overall development. Urban challenges such as urban poverty, poor infrastructure, unemployment, climate change, housing, population growth, health and sanitation etc need to be addressed in relation to urban development. The study is descriptive based on secondary data and the final analysis presents the possible steps to be undertaken in order to overcome these challenges and move forward towards development.

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Urban, Development, Challenges, Nagaland, Policies

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Automation is accomplished by the use of a variety of sensors like LDR, IR, Temperature sensor for monitoring production processes, actuators, and numerous techniques and equipment. The automation system established in this project is an automatic lamp and an automatic fan. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Provides variable resistance based on light intensity. Microcontroller Interfaces with the LDR, processes light level data, and controls the lamp. An Infrared (IR) sensor uses infrared radiation to detect and measure various physical properties or presence of objects by that visitor count is monitored. Fan operation is based on temperature measurements and fire detection. When smoke or fire is detected, the microcontroller activates the L293D motor driver to operate the fan, Buzzer is used for alert and water pump is used when the temperature gets more. The Wi-Fi module ESP8266 is integrated to enable wireless communication, providing seamless connectivity between the system and user interfaces, such as mobile applications and web-based platforms. In this project mobile application is used. The IoT-based control framework allows real-time monitoring and control. In this project, an Arduino Uno acts as the central controller, It has different groups of pins that allow it to connect with sensors, modules, and output devices. For displaying real-time information, a 16x2 LCD with I2C module is connected to the Arduino, showing sensor readings and system status. By integrating all these components, the Arduino Uno coordinates sensor inputs, processes the data, and activates outputs, thereby creating a fully automated and remotely monitorable auditorium system.

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 Keywords

Arduino UNO, ESP 8266, Sensors, IOT.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Government of India introduced Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) on 8th April, 2015 for providing loans upto Rs 20 lakhs to non-corporate, non-farm, small and micro enterprises (MSEs). In Nagaland's economic landscape marked by an absence of large scale industrial activity, micro and small enterprises play a crucial role in promoting self employment and entrepreneurship among youth, women and marginalized communities. By providing loans under its various categories- Shishu, Kishore, Tarun and Tarun Plus, the scheme has enabled access to formal credit for local entrepreneurs who remain outside the reach of traditional banking channels. By providing collateral free loan, the scheme has emerged as an important engine in providing the needed impetus to micro and small enterprises in providing a platform for individuals to start their own business, innovate and contribute to the state's economy. However challenges such as lack of financial literacy, infrastructural gaps and awareness has act as deterrents in realizing the scheme's full potential in the state.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Small, Micro Enterprises, Entrepreneurship, Credit Access

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition