Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

The present paper is an attempt to show how Richard Wright's novel Native Son fully explains racism in all literary, social, and even moral ways. These were like his "candles" when he wrote the book, which was based on real events that black people went through. Racism is the idea that different groups of people have different ways of acting that are related to how they look, and that one race is better than another. It could also mean bias, discrimination, or hostility toward people because they are of a different gender or race. Racism in the modern world is often based on how society sees biological differences between people. These ideas can be shown through actions, customs, social beliefs, or political systems in which people of different races are put into groups based on what they are thought to have in common, like their abilities and traits. Wright centers his novels on the issue or conflict in American society between blacks and whites, depending on how blacks were treated in American society. Many of such events were used by black writers as inspiration for their writing, and racism became a basic idea for them. For example, Richard Wright wrote about racism from the 19th century to the 20th century in a variety of ways. He showed people and readers the problems of injustice and persecution and gave pictures of different kinds of racism in his novels with different names for the hero.

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 Keywords

Black Americans, Slavery, Racism, Stereotypes, Prejudice

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article is based on the premise that poverty has developed social system and subsystems of its own for exploitation poor and especially women. To alleviate the poverty Micro-finance is an intervention based on social intermediation which poor people can mobilize their savings, link it with credit and finally become self-employed and generate livelihood. It results in building social capital and livelihood. This paper traces the evolution of the Microfinance revolution in India as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. Where institutional finance failed Microfinance delivered, but the outreach is too small. There is a question mark on the viability of the Microfinance Institutions. There is a need for an all- round effort to help develop the fledgling Microfinance Industry while tackling the trade-off berween outreach and sustainability. Recent events in India have brought a fresh focus upon the problem of regulation in the field of micro finance. This paper delineates the three distinct aspects which need to be addressed. The first is to protect the rights of the micro- borrower, the consumer of micro-financial services. The second is that oversight of risk- taking by firms operating in microfinance, since this could have systemic implications. The third is a developmental role, emphasising scale-up of the microfinance industry through bank linkage. The context for this paper also derives from the current overriding emphasis on microfinance in rural finance discourse and its celebration as the new 'magic wand in the fight against poverty. The paper argues for mainstreaming impact assessment in evaluation of programmes for realizing the full potential of microfinance in achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

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 Keywords

Microfinance, Self Help Group, Livelihood, Poverty Alleviation, Microfinance Institutions, Rural Finance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Evolution of computers has seen significant reduction in size and enhancement in computational capabilities. However, these advancements still face limitations in terms of scalability, processing speed, energy consumption, parallel operations and dealing with cryptography. Quantum computing, first proposed in the 1980s, leveraging quantum mechanics is bringing about phenomenal enhancements in computational capabilities. Basic information processing unit in quantum computing i.e. qubit has inherent properties of superposition, entanglement and interference. This allows parallel processing of large and complex datasets. Various techniques for qubit implementation are superconducting qubits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, spin qubits, photonic qubits and topological qubits. However, superconducting qubits, being scalable and fast, are found to be most suitable. Quantum computing has the potential to significantly impact various fields such as cryptography, materials science, drug discovery, engineering, finance, logistics, AI, and climate modelling. Progress in this field is facing challenges of decoherence, requirement of extremely low temperatures and development of appropriate algorithms. In addition, significant enhancement in processing power of quantum computers is raising concerns about cybersecurity threatening classical encryption techniques which safeguard critical sectors. Despite the existing challenges, world renowned companies such as Mercedes Benz, Exxon Mobil, CERN, Mitsubishi, BMW, Hyundai and Rolls Royce are extensively involved in exploring the usage of quantum applications towards designing of batteries, finding fuel efficient routes, study of universe, automation of automobiles and advancement in metallurgy. China has been the leader in both funding and number of patents to its name. Coupled with the potential of AI, quantum computing is going to change the world and bring in a completely new era.

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Quantum Computing, Superposition, Entanglement, Qubits

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The role played by Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings through Intuitionistic Fuzzy Spaces is established by the interplay between these two concepts. Through a comprehensive analysis of the induction and correspondence principle, we found a relationship between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings and ordinary rings. This study not only provides a bridge between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and ring theory but also offers real-world challenges which contributes a deeper understanding of the connections between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Spaces, and conventional ring structures.

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Fuzzy rings and ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy space, fuzzy binary operations, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings.

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Abstract: The experiment aimed to study the effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) on plant height and root nodule formation in soybean plants grown in media amended with different levels of SMS, compared to a control group grown in unamended soil. The results showed a significant positive impact of SMS on both plant height and root nodule formation in soybean. Plants treated with 20 g of SMS demonstrated the greatest increase in height and root nodule development, followed by those treated with 25 g and 15 g, respectively. These findings suggest that SMS can serve as an effective amendment for enhancing plant growth.

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The present research studies detail anthelmintic activity of Drynaria quercifolia (L) J. Sm., a medicinal plant on Capra hircus (L). The present fern spp. was authenticated through taxonomic studies. Study also involved survey of endoparasites to understand prevalence of major endoparasites in different agroclimatic zones of Western Maharashtra, India. To facilitate invitro research studies, new methods have been experimentally tested and reported for indicating the efficacy of D. quercifolia (L) J. Sm., extracts on helminthes. Survey conducted for assessing prevalence of endoparasites in goat's confirmed the prevalence of endoparasites (Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and Haemonchus contortus) under Western Maharashtra condition of India. H. contortus was most prominent; therefore further invitro and invivo studies were restricted to these species as representative parasites in C. hircus for studying the anthelmintic activities of D. quercifolia. The present investigation may form the basis for development of knowledge and formulation of drugs for preventing the endoparasites infection in C. hircus and can be used as a model for developing approach for livestock health improvement. Considering this usefulness of the same plant product having multipurpose medicinal values, D. quercifolia rhizome may be used as ecofriendly herbal low cost remedy available among the village people, a remedy for perennial problem of infections in C. hircus and to prevent the losses thereof. Present work also opens up paths to many more studies for further exploration, for example- the extracts to be tested against spectrum of vectors and pathogens, active compounds to be isolated which will lead this research in finding active drug molecules.

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 Keywords

plant D. quercifolia (L) J. Sm., C. hircus, Endoparasites (Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and Haemonchus contortus).

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This paper gives an idea of effective techniques to be used to teach science in classes at senior Secondary levels. Observation, identification, description, experimental inquiry and theoretical justification are integral part of Science. Science induces the thirst of search of knowledge and exposing general truths. It helps to make sense to understand about the world and enables to develop technologies and improve our lives and other issues. Science encourages creativity, develops analytical thinking, scientific curiosity, improves communication skills and foster scientific literacy. It is necessary to study science to make technical advancements and progress. The role of a teacher and planning / strategy play an important role in succeeding science. By adapting various methods a teacher can achieve and help his students to gain success in Science. Proper planning, adapting appropriate teaching techniques, following proper time management, making study groups and providing motivation to his students are some steps to achieve it. The first and most important step is to plan the content of the syllabus, the format of the exams, the experiments, and any additional lectures or exercises. It is definitely desirable to use effective teaching methods in order to attain the best results in the classroom. Time management skills are necessary for lab trips, managing extra classes, covering topics in class, and finding motivation for dejected students. Study groups can be created by an effective and competent teacher to improve teaching and learning. Student levels should be represented in study groups. A successful educator is one who serves as a strong motivator. He must work on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, negative and positive motivation, rewarding success in class, and remedial socialisation for dejected kids.

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 Keywords

Experimental investigation, Theoretical explanation, Analytical Thinking, Scientific inquiry and curiosity, Integral Lecture Method, TEB-> SEB-> SEE model, Study groups, Negative and Positive motivation, Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation, Remedial socialization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between attitudes, empathy, innovativeness, social factors, institutional factors, perceived feasibility, self-efficacy and social entrepreneurial intentions. Data for the study were collected from 700 students (350 from Namibia and 350 from India) and analysed using Pearson correlation and structure equation modelling in SPSS and Start version 4.0 software. The result of the study indicates that The study reveals a significant relationship between most items, except for innovative and attitudes, which have a weak correlation. Social factors and institutional factors have a strong correlation, except for innovation and empathy. The study also reveals that self-efficacy and empathy positively influence students' attitudes towards social entrepreneurship, while innovation negatively affects attitudes. Institutional factors and perceived feasibility have no significant impact on attitude. However, positive attitudes are less likely to be expressed due to perceived barriers like lack of resources, societal skepticism, or high risks, which can diminish intentions. There is a need for targeted interventions and support to foster a positive attitude and intention towards social entrepreneurship.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Attitudes, Empathy, innovativeness, self-efficacy, perceived feasibility, Institutional and social factors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a complex, inherited neurological disorder affecting peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and sensory impairments. Despite advances in conventional medicine, homeopathic approaches have gained attention for their holistic and patient-centered methodologies. This article explores the potential role of homeopathy in managing CMT, comparing it with the biomedical model. The article reviews the vitalist principles of homeopathy, specifically how they align with genetic theories such as gene expression and epigenetics. It highlights how homeopathy's concept of miasms--deep-seated imbalances--parallels epigenetic modifications seen in conventional medicine, where environmental factors trigger gene expression changes. The comparison reveals overlaps between the two models, suggesting a complementary approach to managing CMT. Furthermore, the article discusses current treatments and the role of PXT3003, a pharmacological treatment for CMT, alongside homeopathic remedies aimed at balancing the vital force. The possibility of integrating homeopathy with modern treatments presents a promising approach for improving quality of life in CMT patients

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 Keywords

CMT, vitalist principle, peripheral neuropathy, genetic expersion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Human life, which is the best creation of god, has got two aspects: The biological and sociological or cultural. While the former is maintained and transmitted by food and reproduction, the latter is preserved and transmitted by education. It is again through education that he promotes his intelligence and add his knowledge with which he can move the world for good and for evil according to his wishes. Education in fact, is one of the major "life processes" of the human beings "just as there are certain indispensable vital processes of life in a biological sense. So education may be considered a vital process in a social sense. Education is indispensable to normal living, without education the individual would be unqualified for group life. Education, in its broadest sense, may be defined as a process designed to inculcate the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to enable individuals to cope effectively with their environment. Its primary purpose is to foster and promote the fullest individual self realization for all people.

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 Keywords

Socio-economic Status, Facilities. problems faced BBMP schools

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition