Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT- INTRODUCTION Glasgow Coma Scale was first published in the year 1974 at the University of Glasgow by Neurosurgery Professors Graham Teasdale and Bryan Jennett. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is being used to objectively describe the extent of impaired consciousness in all types of acute medical and trauma patients. The scale assesses patients according to three main aspects of responsiveness: eye-opening, motor, and verbal responses. Reporting each of these separately provides a clear and communicable picture of a patient's state. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of demonstration method versus self instructional module on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing students at selected nursing colleges of city. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY- 1.To assess the knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing students at selected nursing colleges of city. 2.To assess the effectiveness of demonstration method on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing students at selected nursing colleges of city. 3.To assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing students at selected nursing colleges of city. 4.To compare the effectiveness of demonstration Method vs. self instructional module on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing students at selected nursing colleges of city. 5.To associate pre test knowledge score regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing students at selected nursing colleges of city with selected demographic variable. HYPOTHESIS-H0: There will be no significant difference between pre-test and post-test score of demonstration on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B. Sc nursing students. H01: There will be no significant difference between pre-test and post-test score of self instructional module on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B. Sc nursing students. H02:There will be n o significancedifferencebetweendemonstrationmethodand self instructional module on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among 2nd semester B. Sc nursing students. H03: There will be no significant association between pre-test levels of knowledge with selected demographic variable. METHODOLOGY A True experimental research design was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of self instructional module vs demonstration method on knowledge regarding Glasgow coma scale among nursing students. The study was conducted among 2nd semester BSc nursing students at College of Nursing, 172 nursing students were selected by using purposive random sampling technique i.e.86ineachgroup.Pre-test was conducted to assess the knowledge on GCS using self administered questionnaire. Then the two groups were given interventions respectively. On the 8th day, post test was conducted for both groups. The data was analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Paired t test was done for finding out the effectiveness of the interventions. Independent t test was done to compare both the interventions. RESULTS OF THE STUDY The result of analysis of data shows that in group-I the pre-test mean was 7.47, post test 10.79 with a the standard deviation of 2.69 and 1.65 respectively. In group-2the pre-test was 8.45 post-test was 13.76 with the standard deviation of 2.62 and 2.55 respectively .The mean difference in pre-test was 0.98 and post test was 2.97 with 't' value 1.600 and - 6.037respectively. There was statistical significant difference between the mean knowledge level of demonstration method and self instructional module in post test at p.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

glasgow coma scale, demonstration method, self instructional module

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Recently, a novel transdermal delivery technology has garnered significant attention for its effectiveness in administering therapeutics and cosmeceuticals across various applications, such as vaccines, medications, and biomolecules for skin-related issues. The benefits of microneedle patch technology have been thoroughly examined in recent studies, leading to a surge in academic publications in this field. While microneedle patch applications hold considerable promise, they also face certain limitations. This review will address these potential drawbacks, highlighting areas in need of improvement. By focusing on these concerns early, we aim to assist scientists and technologists in addressing these issues promptly and utilizing their resources effectively.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

microneedles; transdermal delivery; vaccine administration; transdermal patch technology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drug interactions occur when two drugs are co-administered and both are metabolized by the same P450. One drug can then inhibit the metabolism of another drug leading to high serum levels and extended biological activity and Sometime toxicity. Drug interactions are a major problem in human therapy especially with CYP3A4, a P450 involved in metabolism of over 60% of all therapeutically used drugs [6]. In addition, CYP3A4 activity is affected by foods and natural products such as grapefruit juice and is a target for induction by ligands of the nuclear receptor PXR. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) result from changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the drug or its metabolites due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, or degradation, due to improved. or poor pharmacodynamics (PD). Effect Drug interactions can occur for many reasons, including direct chemical reactions, interactions by increasing or decreasing P450, competition for binding to albumin, and others. Sometimes it can be identified, but not in many cases. Most clinical programs require evaluation of potential drug interactions with other medications that may be frequently used. Food-drug interaction may also occur, and should be assessed as well. Introduction A drug interaction occurs when a patient"s response to a drug is modified by food, nutritional supplements, formulation excipients, environmental factors, other drugs or disease. Interactions between drugs (drug-drug interactions) may be beneficial or harmful. Harmful drug interactions are important because they account for 10- 20% of adverse events requiring hospitalization and can be avoided. 1 Elderly patients are especially true vulnerable - with a strong relationship between increasing age, the number of drugs prescribed and the frequency of potential drug-drug interactions. 2 Knowing how drug-drug interactions occur and how to manage them is an important part of clinical practice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

drug interaction,CYP3A4

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The selected paper entitled "A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance" examines the evolution of William Shakespeare's comedic and romantic plays. The paper contends that Shakespeare's comedies follow a structural pattern that moves from chaos to social harmony, often involving themes of mistaken identity, family conflict, and festive resolutions. As Shakespeare's career progresses, his works transition from pure comedy to more complex romances, which blend comic elements with themes of redemption, reconciliation, and the supernatural. The selected paper explores how these plays reflect universal archetypes, such as the hero's journey, death and rebirth, and seasonal cycles. By combining archetypal criticism with structural analysis, the study illuminates the enduring relevance of Shakespeare's exploration of human experience through comedy and romance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Shakespeare, comedy, romance, archetypes, literary structure, reconciliation, death and rebirth, comedic resolution, supernatural themes

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present paper is an attempt to show how Richard Wright's novel Native Son fully explains racism in all literary, social, and even moral ways. These were like his "candles" when he wrote the book, which was based on real events that black people went through. Racism is the idea that different groups of people have different ways of acting that are related to how they look, and that one race is better than another. It could also mean bias, discrimination, or hostility toward people because they are of a different gender or race. Racism in the modern world is often based on how society sees biological differences between people. These ideas can be shown through actions, customs, social beliefs, or political systems in which people of different races are put into groups based on what they are thought to have in common, like their abilities and traits. Wright centers his novels on the issue or conflict in American society between blacks and whites, depending on how blacks were treated in American society. Many of such events were used by black writers as inspiration for their writing, and racism became a basic idea for them. For example, Richard Wright wrote about racism from the 19th century to the 20th century in a variety of ways. He showed people and readers the problems of injustice and persecution and gave pictures of different kinds of racism in his novels with different names for the hero.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Black Americans, Slavery, Racism, Stereotypes, Prejudice

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article is based on the premise that poverty has developed social system and subsystems of its own for exploitation poor and especially women. To alleviate the poverty Micro-finance is an intervention based on social intermediation which poor people can mobilize their savings, link it with credit and finally become self-employed and generate livelihood. It results in building social capital and livelihood. This paper traces the evolution of the Microfinance revolution in India as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. Where institutional finance failed Microfinance delivered, but the outreach is too small. There is a question mark on the viability of the Microfinance Institutions. There is a need for an all- round effort to help develop the fledgling Microfinance Industry while tackling the trade-off berween outreach and sustainability. Recent events in India have brought a fresh focus upon the problem of regulation in the field of micro finance. This paper delineates the three distinct aspects which need to be addressed. The first is to protect the rights of the micro- borrower, the consumer of micro-financial services. The second is that oversight of risk- taking by firms operating in microfinance, since this could have systemic implications. The third is a developmental role, emphasising scale-up of the microfinance industry through bank linkage. The context for this paper also derives from the current overriding emphasis on microfinance in rural finance discourse and its celebration as the new 'magic wand in the fight against poverty. The paper argues for mainstreaming impact assessment in evaluation of programmes for realizing the full potential of microfinance in achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microfinance, Self Help Group, Livelihood, Poverty Alleviation, Microfinance Institutions, Rural Finance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Evolution of computers has seen significant reduction in size and enhancement in computational capabilities. However, these advancements still face limitations in terms of scalability, processing speed, energy consumption, parallel operations and dealing with cryptography. Quantum computing, first proposed in the 1980s, leveraging quantum mechanics is bringing about phenomenal enhancements in computational capabilities. Basic information processing unit in quantum computing i.e. qubit has inherent properties of superposition, entanglement and interference. This allows parallel processing of large and complex datasets. Various techniques for qubit implementation are superconducting qubits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, spin qubits, photonic qubits and topological qubits. However, superconducting qubits, being scalable and fast, are found to be most suitable. Quantum computing has the potential to significantly impact various fields such as cryptography, materials science, drug discovery, engineering, finance, logistics, AI, and climate modelling. Progress in this field is facing challenges of decoherence, requirement of extremely low temperatures and development of appropriate algorithms. In addition, significant enhancement in processing power of quantum computers is raising concerns about cybersecurity threatening classical encryption techniques which safeguard critical sectors. Despite the existing challenges, world renowned companies such as Mercedes Benz, Exxon Mobil, CERN, Mitsubishi, BMW, Hyundai and Rolls Royce are extensively involved in exploring the usage of quantum applications towards designing of batteries, finding fuel efficient routes, study of universe, automation of automobiles and advancement in metallurgy. China has been the leader in both funding and number of patents to its name. Coupled with the potential of AI, quantum computing is going to change the world and bring in a completely new era.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Quantum Computing, Superposition, Entanglement, Qubits

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The role played by Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings through Intuitionistic Fuzzy Spaces is established by the interplay between these two concepts. Through a comprehensive analysis of the induction and correspondence principle, we found a relationship between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings and ordinary rings. This study not only provides a bridge between intuitionistic fuzzy sets and ring theory but also offers real-world challenges which contributes a deeper understanding of the connections between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Spaces, and conventional ring structures.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fuzzy rings and ideals, intuitionistic fuzzy space, fuzzy binary operations, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rings.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: The experiment aimed to study the effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) on plant height and root nodule formation in soybean plants grown in media amended with different levels of SMS, compared to a control group grown in unamended soil. The results showed a significant positive impact of SMS on both plant height and root nodule formation in soybean. Plants treated with 20 g of SMS demonstrated the greatest increase in height and root nodule development, followed by those treated with 25 g and 15 g, respectively. These findings suggest that SMS can serve as an effective amendment for enhancing plant growth.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present research studies detail anthelmintic activity of Drynaria quercifolia (L) J. Sm., a medicinal plant on Capra hircus (L). The present fern spp. was authenticated through taxonomic studies. Study also involved survey of endoparasites to understand prevalence of major endoparasites in different agroclimatic zones of Western Maharashtra, India. To facilitate invitro research studies, new methods have been experimentally tested and reported for indicating the efficacy of D. quercifolia (L) J. Sm., extracts on helminthes. Survey conducted for assessing prevalence of endoparasites in goat's confirmed the prevalence of endoparasites (Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and Haemonchus contortus) under Western Maharashtra condition of India. H. contortus was most prominent; therefore further invitro and invivo studies were restricted to these species as representative parasites in C. hircus for studying the anthelmintic activities of D. quercifolia. The present investigation may form the basis for development of knowledge and formulation of drugs for preventing the endoparasites infection in C. hircus and can be used as a model for developing approach for livestock health improvement. Considering this usefulness of the same plant product having multipurpose medicinal values, D. quercifolia rhizome may be used as ecofriendly herbal low cost remedy available among the village people, a remedy for perennial problem of infections in C. hircus and to prevent the losses thereof. Present work also opens up paths to many more studies for further exploration, for example- the extracts to be tested against spectrum of vectors and pathogens, active compounds to be isolated which will lead this research in finding active drug molecules.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

plant D. quercifolia (L) J. Sm., C. hircus, Endoparasites (Nematodirus spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp. and Haemonchus contortus).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition