Volume 11 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

One of the most significant theories in the philosophy of human existence is the theory of karma which also causes the most misunderstanding and controversy. Some people think karma is predetermined and that it must be accepted as such. In Buddhism, karma (P?li: kamma) means action with intention (cetan?) manifested through the body, speech, and thoughts. This paper used qualitative literature approaches with textual document analysis and in-depth reading of primary and secondary sources in order to critically examine the Buddhist perspective on determinism and karma theory. Our intentions affect each and every action we take, whether it is good or bad. This means that we are accountable for our behavior. According to the Buddhist perspective on karma, karma can be changed rather than being determined. The law of cause and effect is always in effect, and every person in this world has a different karma. Everything is changeable and not permanent and unchanging because of the impermanence and non-self of all things and phenomena, including karma.

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Karma, Determinism, Volition, Impermanence, Non-self.

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The chase to improve the quality of life has stimulated desirable changes in research to design and develop a new drug and enhance its safety and effectiveness. Thus, there is a gradual rise in demand to develop susceptible and specific analytical techniques for newly developed drugs. Thus, analysts are striving very hard to develop new and efficient analytical methods to achieve these targets. The antiretroviral agents Rilpivirine (RPV) and cabotegravir (CAB) are approved as a combined treatment regimen against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This review article represents the collection and discussion of various analytical methods available in the literature for the estimation of the CAB and RPV in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples consisting of HPLC, UPLC and hyphenated techniques such as LC-MS, LC-MS/MS. Moreover, we discuss about CAB and RPV chemical structure, mechanism of action, activity against drug-sensitive and -resistant HIV, and pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics properties. The present review can be effectively explored to conduct future analytical investigation for the estimation of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine.

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Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine, Analytical Methods, RP-HPLC, LC-MS/MS.

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The creation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) has been seen as a crucial tactic in combating the worrying levels of poverty and marginalization that have followed global progress since the United Nations Millennium Declaration of 2000. SHGs are small, voluntary groups of individuals from a similar socioeconomic background that were formed with the intention of resolving common social and economic issues by supporting one another. It has been expected that such grassroots unity will foster communal empowerment and guard against economic exclusion. This presumption is primarily based on the global, neo-liberal agenda, which calls on the State to stop providing for social needs. In India, SHGs are frequently used, particularly to end the social marginalisation of impoverished women and increase their access to healthcare. With an emphasis on its implementation in the Indian State of Maharashtra, this article examines the potential and constraints of SHGs in enhancing women's health. By examining the vital roles of caste and class in access to health care, it critically evaluates the extent to which SHGs may be involved in achieving improved health for women and children. The article's conclusion is that international policy circles' solutions like SHGs fail to recognize local structural contexts like caste and class, leading to the development of instrumental zed strategies that are unlikely to result in the equitable delivery of health services to the underprivileged and marginalized.

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Caste, Class, Equity, Health, Self-help organizations.

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There are five sense organs i.e. eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin. Among these sense organs, Ayurveda gives prime importance to the eye. It says "Sarvendriyaanam Nayanam Pradhanam". the condition free from any disease or deformity is known as Swastha. The regimen followed to maintain health is called Swasthavritta. the majority of people only pay attention to their eyes if they are experiencing eye problems. However, the amount of time spent watching TV, reading, writing, using a computer, or using a multimedia device takes its toll. impacts on eye health. Another factor contributing to the decline of eye health is working in artificial light (either strong or low light). 14 out of 100 Indian schoolchildren older than seven years who are screened are likely to require glasses. In Ayurveda, certain traditional daily practises, such as Netraprakshalna (eye washing), Anjana (Collyrium), Snana (Bathing), Padabhyanga (oil-based foot massage), Nasya (medicine application through the nose), Dhumapana, Netra Vyayamas (Trataka, Nidra(sleep), Dinacharya (Daily regimen) explained in Ayurveda helps to prevent many derangements.

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Gyanendriyas, Dinacharya, Netraswastya,

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Proper pain depletion is vital for promotion of health in post operative period. Providing effective pain management in post operative period is a challenging opportunity. The post operative ward nurse combines the technologic sophistication of this unique setting with a personal, individualized care approach to maximize the positive potential outcomes for the patient. The objectives of the study were to assess the pain and its associated behavioral transition, to evaluate the effectiveness of Guided Imagery, to find out the association between the pain and its associated behavioral transition with the demographic variables of post abdominal patients admitted in post operative ward in BTCT Hospital Sagar MP. The Conceptual framework of the present study was based on Modified Weidenbach's Helping Art of clinical nursing theory. A pre experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design has been used in this study. The study samples have been selected by using purposive sampling technique. Guided Imagery was given for the patients. Data collection was done before and after guided imagery by using Numerical pain Scale and Modified FLACC Behavioral Scale. The study findings showed that the obtained 't" value (36.28 on pain level; 36.51 on behavioral level) was significant, P<0.05. Guided Imagery was effective in reducing pain among post abdominal surgery clients.

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Effectiveness, Guided Imagery, Pain, Behavioral transition and Post abdominal surgery clients.

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This paper addresses a variety of topics relating to kid rag pickers. 80% of these individuals are between the ages of 11 and 15 years old, 74% are illiterate, and 85% are oppressed. A little more than 68% of kid rag pickers earn less than Rs. 11,000 per year. 90% of child rag pickers collect trash while walking, with 74% of their spending going towards medical costs. 85% of children who pick up trash are at risk for health problems, and 98% of the trash they collect is made up of plastics, glass bottles, cardboard, papers, tin, iron, copper, and aluminium. These trash items can be found in residential areas, on street corners, or in landfills. 94% of respondents agreed that rag-picking was not a respectable work in society, while 82% of respondents believed that they were exposed to health risks and frequently suffered from rashes and cuts. The study looks at how child rag picking in big towns is mostly brought on by poverty, unemployment, and poor economic conditions. Hence, the social development model is the sole option for ending the problem of child labour and rag picking. The development strategy for the less wealthy areas must put a strong emphasis on the implementation of mandated health, education, and skill-development programmes.

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Rag picking in India, poverty, unemployment, child labour, health hazards, rag pickers of Nagpur city, bhandewadi dumping yard Nagpur, illegal labour practices, below poverty level.

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Kapardika is a mineral drug of Sadharana rasa varga. It is the outer shell of molluscs. It is known as Marine shell, cowrie or cowry. The shells are smooth, shiny, resembling egg shape with a flat under surface having a slit-like long, narrow-toothed aperture. They have a porcelain-like shine. The length ranges from 5 mm to 19 cm for some species. Kapardika is Katu in Rasa, Katu in Vipaka and Ushna in Virya. It is Alkaline in nature hence is used in many diseases like APD (Acid Peptic disease), Ajirna, Adhmana, Anaha etc. There are many methods in the texts to convert Kapardika in Kapardika Bhasma with different types of Puta. Rasa Chandanshu mentioned a very easy method for making Kapardika Bhasma.This method is easy to perform and prepares good quality Kapardika Bhasma. An effort was made here to standardise the procedure of preparation of Kapardika Bhasma according to the method described in Rasachandanshu. Also, the prepared Bhasma was tested with the modern methods and equipment like XRF etc. It shows increase in calcium content and decrease in other contents and the mean loss in the process was 16%. The results help in scientifically establishing the findings according to the principle of Ayurveda.

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Kapardika Bhasma, Rasachandanshu, XRF, Mean Loss.

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BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain is a common presenting complaint for patients of all ages and activity levels. Shoulder impingement accounts for 44-65% of shoulder complaints. The shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) consists of the rotator cuff tendonitis and bursitis of the shoulder. It shows the inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon inside the antero-inferior junction of the acromian process and the greater tuberosity of the humerus. It can affect the various age groups. It can affect both the genders. Purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of shoulder impingement syndrome in different age groups. Other purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence among both the genders. So, based on that therapist can plan the treatment according to different gender and age specific functional requirements of the patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of shoulder impingement syndrome among males and females as well as among different age groups. METHODS: In the present cross sectional study, total seventy-nine (79) Gujarati patients with shoulder impingement syndrome with age between 18-65 years were included. They were divided in to 5 different age groups. According to those age groups, prevalence for each group was calculated. RESULT: The study included 79 patients with the age between 18 to 65 years. Out of total 79 patients, 3 were of the age group 15-25 years, 23 were of the age group 26-35 years, 17 were of the age group 36-45 years, 15 were of the age 46-55 and 21 were of age group 56-65 years. Thus, it contributes to 4%, 29%, 21%, 19% and 27% to our total patient population respectively. This study also concludes that prevalence among males and females is 57% and 34% respectively. CONCLUSION: Present study concludes that shoulder impingement is more common primarily among 26-35 years of the age and secondarily 56 to 65 years of the age. It also concludes that shoulder impingement is more common in males compare to females.

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KEY WORDS: Shoulder impingement syndrome, Neer's impingement test and Hawkins Kennedy test

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The digital era has brought about many conveniences and opportunities, but it has also brought new challenges and risks one of the most pressing concerns is the protection of e-content and privacy, as more and more personal and sensitive information is stored and transmitted online overview of what individuals and businesses can do to protect themselves in this digital world.

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Digital age, protection, intellectual property, digital era, privacy.

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In present era, metabolic disorders are a global medical health problem and obesity is the most common among them. Ayurveda explains metabolic disorders as Agnivaishamya (Improper digestion & absorption). Agni is responsible for the conversion of Ahara into energy. Faulty diet and life style is the chief culprit for disruption of metabolism. Meda Dhatu is very important as it plays a significant role in developing various metabolic disorders like Obesity which is already mentioned in Ayurveda as Sthaulya/Medoroga. The disturbance in Medo Dhatu metabolism is very common in present era because of increased consumption of junk foods, carbonated beverages, sweets associated with westernization. Growing prevalence of obesity worldwide is an increasing concern surrounding the rising rates of Diabetes, Coronary and Cerebrovascular disease with the consequent health and financial implications for the population. Some conditions are life threatening in the later stage/ uncontrol condition.

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Sthaulya, Medoroga, Ayurveda, Agni, Agnivaishamya

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