Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

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Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes below 10 nm, have emerged as promising candidates in nanoscience due to their exceptional photoluminescence, chemical stability, tunable surface functionalities, and biocompatibility. Traditional synthetic approaches for CQDs often involve harsh chemicals and energy-intensive processes, raising environmental and safety concerns. In contrast, green synthesis methods utilizing renewable biomass and eco-friendly precursors have gained significant attention for producing CQDs in a sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable manner. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of green-synthesized CQDs, focusing on their synthesis strategies, structural and optical characterization, and their dual functional roles in photocatalytic and biomedical applications. The methodological approach encompasses the selection of natural carbon sources such as fruit peels, plant extracts, and agricultural residues, followed by synthesis through hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and pyrolytic techniques. Advanced characterization tools, including TEM, FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, are employed to evaluate morphological, structural, and optical properties. The photocatalytic performance of green CQDs is assessed through degradation of organic pollutants and water-splitting reactions, while biomedical evaluations involve cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence bioimaging, and drug delivery studies. Findings demonstrate that green-synthesized CQDs exhibit superior quantum yields, excellent biocompatibility, and enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts. The implications of this research extend beyond fundamental nanoscience, highlighting the potential of sustainable nanochemistry in addressing environmental remediation challenges and advancing biomedical innovations. This study underscores green-synthesized CQDs as a versatile and eco-friendly nanomaterial platform, bridging the gap between environmental sustainability and advanced nanotechnological applications.

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Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs); Green Synthesis; Photocatalysis; Biomedical Applications; Sustainable Nanochemistry; Bioimaging; Drug Delivery; Nanomaterials

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Background: Obesity (Sthaulya) is a chronic, multifactorial lifestyle disorder associated with excessive accumulation of body fat and hyperlipidemia, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide 1. The prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades due to urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, dietary transitions, and genetic predisposition 2. Objective: To review the Ayurvedic and modern scientific perspectives on obesity, its pathogenesis, clinical features, complications, and integrative management strategies, including Shodhana, Shamana, Pathya-Vihara, and modern lifestyle intervention . Methods: Literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu) 3-5, WHO reports, NFHS-5 data 2, and contemporary research articles on obesity and hyperlipidemia 6-13. The review included etiological factors, pathogenesis, lakshanas (clinical features), and both Ayurvedic and modern management strategies. Results: Obesity is highly prevalent in urban populations and middle-aged adults, with women being more prone 2. Pathogenesis involves Kapha Dosha aggravation, Meda Dhatu accumulation, Vata obstruction, and modern correlates of adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid deposition, and impaired lipid metabolism 6,7. Ayurvedic therapies such as Vamana, Virechana, Lekhana Basti, Udwartana, combined with dietary control, exercise, yoga, and behavioral therapy, show significant efficacy in reducing weight and improving lipid profiles 8,14. Conclusion: Integrative management combining Ayurvedic therapies and modern interventions offers a holistic, sustainable approach to obesity and hyperlipidemia 6-9. Early detection, lifestyle modification, and patient education are essential for long-term health benefits and prevention of complications.

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Keywords: Sthaulya, Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Meda Dhatu, Vrikshamla, Shodhana, Shamana, Charaka, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Ayurveda

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This research paper explores eco-feminism in Margaret Atwood's dystopian novels, Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood. It analyzes the intersection of gender oppression and environmental degradation, highlighting how Atwood critiques patriarchal structures and anthropocentric domination. The study demonstrates the relevance of eco-feminist perspectives in understanding contemporary environmental crises and social hierarchies. The comparative analysis provides insights into character constructions, narrative strategies, and thematic concerns that foreground women's agency and ecological ethics in dystopian contexts.

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Eco-Feminism, Dystopian Literature, Margaret Atwood, Gender Oppression, Patriarchy, Ecological ethics, Environmental Degradation

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Charak Puja is one of the most vibrant ritual festivals of Bengal, and in the Barak Valley of Assam, it carries deep cultural meaning for the community. Traditionally, the puja was accompanied by music and dance performed with instruments such as the dhak, dhol, flute, and conch, which gave rhythm, energy, and identity to the festival. In recent years, however, modern instruments like the harmonium, guitar, keyboard, and electronic drums have been increasingly used. This study examines the reasons for this change, its impact on performers, the response of viewers, and the effect on the traditional forms of music and dance. Based on a survey of 206 respondents, the findings show that younger people, especially in the age group of 21-30 years, strongly support modern instruments because they are easier to use, more familiar through films and media, and attract bigger audiences. The study also reveals that the role of traditional players has declined, while viewers express mixed but generally positive opinions, with many saying the performances feel livelier. At the same time, concerns remain about changes in songs, tunes, and dance styles. The study highlights that Charak Puja in Barak Valley is undergoing a process of adaptation, where the spirit of the festival continues, but its musical and dance traditions are being reshaped under the influence of modern instruments.

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Charak Puja, Barak Valley, Modern Instruments, Traditional Music, Performers and Viewers

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Global warming has emerged as one of the most significant environmental threats of the 21st century. It refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to the excessive accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO?), methane (CH?), and nitrous oxide (N?O). These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm unnaturally. Human activities--particularly industrialization, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and intensive agriculture--have drastically accelerated this warming process. As a result, the world is witnessing alarming consequences such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers, extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystems. This thesis explores the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to global warming. It investigates the roles of different sectors and countries in contributing to the problem and examines global efforts to combat climate change, including the Paris Agreement and other policy frameworks. Additionally, it presents sustainable strategies such as transitioning to renewable energy, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting climate education. The paper emphasizes that the time for action is now. If global warming continues unchecked, the damage to our environment and future generations may become irreversible. Therefore, collective global action, awareness, and innovation are essential to mitigate its impacts and ensure a livable planet.

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Global warming, climate change, greenhouse gases, fossil fuels, carbon emissions, renewable energy, deforestation, sustainability, Paris Agreement, climate policy

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Abstract Effective communication is crucial in both personal and professional life. Grammar plays a vital role in Conveying messages clearly and confidently. The Present article explores the importance of grammar in communication. It also emphasizes the need of mastering grammar rules, to convey ideas effectively. Effective application of grammar rules is essential for achieving clear and impactful Communication.

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Keywords: Grammar, Communications kills. Effective communication

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This study aimed to develop and evaluate bilayer tablets containing Levofloxacin Hemihydrate and Ambroxol Hydrochloride for combined immediate and sustained therapeutic effects in respiratory infections. The immediate-release layer of Levofloxacin ensured rapid antimicrobial action, while the sustained-release layer of Ambroxol provided prolonged relief. Tablets were prepared using direct compression and wet granulation methods, with HPMC K100M and Carbopol 971P as release-controlling polymers. Among formulations, F11 exhibited optimal performance, releasing over 70% Levofloxacin within 1 hour and 95% Ambroxol in 12 hours, following zero-order, non-Fickian kinetics. Stability studies confirmed the formulation's integrity and consistent drug release, establishing an effective bilayer system for dual-action respiratory therapy.

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Levofloxacin, Ambroxol, Fixed-Dose Combinations

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The Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest shared by India and Bangladesh, stands today as a living testimony to the destructive power of climate change and human negligence. This fragile ecosystem, located at the delta of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers, serves as a protective barrier for millions of coastal residents. However, increasing sea levels, soil salinity, cyclonic devastations, and biodiversity loss are pushing the Sundarbans towards an ecological and humanitarian disaster. This paper explores the multidimensional crisis of the Sundarbans -- environmental degradation, economic displacement, and socio-cultural transformation. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining environmental studies, social analysis, and policy review, this research examines how climate change threatens both the natural habitat and the survival of coastal communities. The findings reveal that sustainable adaptation strategies, community-based resilience, and transboundary climate governance are crucial for the survival of this vital ecosystem and its people

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Sundarbans, Climate Change, Coastal Communities, Sea-Level Rise, Mangrove Degradation, Cyclones, Climate Refugees, Environmental Sustainability, Adaptation, Resilience

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This study examined student's learning styles as nexus to academic achievement and career preference in Nigeria secondary schools. It renders helpful hand in identifying different learning styles among senior secondary school students and determines if the learning styles influence the student's academic achievement and the career preference, determining the connection between gender and career preference and as well examined the factors that drives student's choice of learning styles, academic achievement and career preference in the study area. The study adopted the use of quantitative design which is descriptive in nature such that involves the use of frequency and percentage. However, ANOVA and T-test correlation analysis were also used to determine the relationship and the degree of significance of the variables in the study. This study employed a random sampling technique in selecting the sample schools in the study area. As a result a total of five schools were selected from the population from which a sample size consisting of three hundred students were selected across the senior secondary classes. Questionnaires were constructed and administered to the selected respondents to elicit relevant information and the contents were based on learning style, academic achievement and career preference. The findings from the study revealed that majority of the student adopted mixed learning styles (ranging from verbal aura, logic solitary and kinaesthetic and their learning styles) and these determine academic achievements of the students regardless of the gender. The study also revealingly established that parents significantly influenced their children's career preference not minding their learning ability and interest.

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Learning, learning style; Career preference; education, Academic achievement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition